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17 results

  • 3 - Triumph and Dishonor in Italy

  • Douglas Porch, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California
  • Book:
    Resistance and Liberation
    Published online:
    05 January 2024
    Print publication:
    25 January 2024, pp 161-242

  • Summary

    Anfa had set French rearmament at eleven army divisions on a US model, as well as a French air force, and a refurbished French navy, all of which would prove difficult to accomplish with purely imperial manpower, so that a growing resistance on the French mainland might fill the manpower gap and bolster French clout in the alliance. This concept received a trial run with the September 1943 liberation of Corsica, a campaign which allowed de Gaulle to oust Giraud from the CFLN, while revealing both the military ineffectiveness of the resistance and the political agenda of the communists. As a consequence, de Gaulle began to put a structure in place to control events upon liberation of the hexagon, while beginning a purge of former Vichy elements in AFN, a task that would prove divisive in the middle of a war. The benefits of the Italian campaign for the French were two. First, the removal of much of l’armée d’Afrique from AFN allowed de Gaulle’s consolidation of power there. Second, the Juin-orchestrated May 1944 breakthrough at Monte Cassino allowed l’armée d’Afrique to recover its combat laurels in a very tough military environment. Unfortunately, the rapes carried out by some members of the CEF following the breakthrough on the Garigliano called into question the command climate and tacit complicity of the CEF hierarchy, while the fallout momentarily poisoned relations between the French and Italian governments.

  • Chapter 8 - Confronting Italian Occupation

  • from Part II - Local Encounters
  • Karine Varley, University of Strathclyde
  • Book:
    Vichy's Double Bind
    Published online:
    18 May 2023
    Print publication:
    01 June 2023, pp 160-185

  • Summary

    The Italian occupation of south-eastern France and Corsica between November 1942 and September 1943 has often been portrayed as relatively benign compared to the German occupation and the Italian occupation elsewhere. However, this chapter suggests that mounting Italian military and political weakness and the wounded pride of the Fascist regime caused the occupying forces to assert their authority with growing repression and violence. French responses to Italian actions were characterised by opposition, unwilling compliance and limited cooperation, with local authorities often clashing with Vichy. Efforts to defend French sovereignty varied across areas of policy and in response to differing levels of threat. French authorities made pragmatic choices, making concessions to one Axis government in one policy area in an attempt to defend against the other Axis government and maintain control over another policy area. The absence of any sustained collaboration or collaborationism meant that the trajectory of French responses to the Italian occupation was in the opposite direction to those relating to the German occupation.

  • The Balchiria stelae

  • Jean Guilaine, Franck Leandri, Emmanuel Mens, Régis Picavet
  • Journal:
    Antiquity / Volume 94 / Issue 373 / February 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    23 January 2020, e1
    Print publication:
    February 2020
    • Article
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  • A chance find in Balchiria, Corsica, revealed two stelae that are unique in Western Mediterranean context both in terms of their motif and morphology.

  • Quaternary History of an Endemic Passerine Bird on Corsica Island: Glacial Refugium and Impact of Recent Forest Regression

  • Jean-Claude Thibault, Alice Cibois, Roger Prodon, Eric Pasquet
  • Journal:
    Quaternary Research / Volume 85 / Issue 2 / March 2016
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    20 January 2017, pp. 271-278

  • Molecular studies support the hypothesis that Corsica Island was a glacial refugium for a number of forest birds during the Pleistocene. We focused on the Corsican nuthatch (Sitta whiteheadi), an endemic passerine strongly associated with the laricio pine (Pinus nigra laricio). The range of laricio pine has been impacted by the Pleistocene glacial periods and forest has been recently fragmented by cutting and fires. Using both molecular (mitochondrial and nuclear) and morphological characters, we assessed the variation within the nuthatch population. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the Corsican nuthatch endured through the late Pleistocene and Holocene climatic variations, and sustained the subsequent cycles of forests reduction/expansion. The results also suggest that the recent anthropization of the landscape resulted in the isolation of a cluster of populations in the northern part of the island. The fragmentation of the habitat of the nuthatch may impede the future of the bird by creating isolated population units between which the gene flow is reduced.

  • Extirpation and reintroduction of the Corsican red deer Cervus elaphus corsicanus in Corsica

  • Nicolas Kidjo, Gérard Feracci, Eric Bideau, Georges Gonzalez, César Mattéi, Bernard Marchand, Stéphane Aulagnier
  • Journal:
    Oryx / Volume 41 / Issue 4 / October 2007
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    03 December 2007, pp. 488-494
    Print publication:
    October 2007
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  • The Endangered Corsican red deer Cervus elaphus corsicanus was extirpated from Corsica in the early 1970s, at which time the Sardinian population fell to <250 individuals. The Sardinian authorities agreed to protect this subspecies and to secure its reintroduction in Corsica, a natural choice, considering ethological and historical descriptions. Since the beginning of 1985, when the first deer destined for captive breeding and eventual reintroduction arrived in Corsica, the population increased from 13 Sardinian founders to 106 captive animals under constant monitoring in three enclosures (Quenza, Casabianda and Ania di Fium'Orbu). The sites of Quenza, Chisà and Santo Pietro di Venaco were selected by the Regional Nature Park of Corsica for the reintroduction into the wild that began in 1998. Currently the size of the whole Corsican population is c. 250 individuals. These deer are still closely monitored and studied, both in enclosures and in the wild, to secure the long-term conservation of this subspecies. The Corsican and Sardinian populations together now total slightly >1,000, and the subspecies could therefore be downgraded to Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List.

  • The lotic Chironomidae (Diptera) of Corsica (France)

  • H. Laville, P. Langton
  • Journal:
    Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology / Volume 38 / Issue 1 / March 2002
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    15 March 2009, pp. 53-64
    Print publication:
    March 2002

  • A checklist of Corsica's lotic Chironomidae is given. Collections of pupal exuviae from 32 river sites (July 1995, May 1999)yielded a total of 147 species-level taxa including several previously unknown pupal exuviae. Three of them are figured? Hayesomyia Pe nov., Eukiefferiella Pe nov., Thienemanniella Pe nov. These unusual forms may possibly be endemic speciesto Corsica that are new to science. Most of the chironomid species recorded are western Palaearctic. 11 species are circum-mediterranean.

  • (b) - Sardinia and Corsica from the mid-twelfth to the early fourteenth century

  • from 15 - Northern Italy
  • David Abulafia, University of Cambridge
  • Book:
    The New Cambridge Medieval History
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    21 October 1999, pp 447-457

  • Summary

    Around the middle of the twelfth century Sardinia was still divided into four small kingdoms, also known as judgeships. In 1187 the marquis of Massa, Guglielmo, burst on the scene in Sardinia; he was the head of one of the four branches of the Obertenghi clan and was supported by the commune of Pisa. Corsica, unlike Sardinia, had maintained since the Lombard and Carolingian eras fairly close and constant contact with the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian cities. The reconstruction of the social and economic evolution of Sardinia in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries is difficult, in view of the scarcity of sources. Immediately after the middle of the thirteenth century major events took place in Sardinia. The judge of Cagliari, Chiano di Massa, hoping to extract himself from Pisan control, came to an agreement with Genoa, bringing his lands within the Genoese sphere.

  • The Holocene at Lac de Creno, Corsica, France: a key site for the whole island

  • M. REILLE, J. GAMISANS, V. ANDRIEU-PONEL, J.-L. de BEAULIEU
  • Journal:
    The New Phytologist / Volume 141 / Issue 2 / February 1999
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 February 1999, pp. 291-307
    Print publication:
    February 1999

  • Two Holocene lake sequences from Lac de Creno, Corsica were analysed on the basis of 119 pollen spectra and with the support of 13 14C-calibrated dates. The lower part of one of these sequences, corresponding to the late- glacial period, has been published previously. The first third of the Post-glacial is characterized by very particular forest dynamics, namely the absence of a role for deciduous Quercus and Corylus, the presence of mesophilous vegetation types dominated by Taxus, and the major forest role of Erica arborea at lower and mean altitude. At about 7440 cal BP, the occurrence of a major anthropogenic action brought about significant changes in the vegetation, notably an increase of deciduous Quercus and the expansion of Quercus ilex. Later, three major human-induced events are identified: the first, at about 2290 cal BP, is the cause of a short local expansion of Abies; the second, at about 1150 cal BP, is the degradation of deciduous forests to the benefit of Fagus; the third, at about 310 cal BP, corresponds to the disappearance of Fagus and its replacement by Pinus. Pollen data indicate that Q. ilex, Abies and Fagus are not indigenous in Corsica but spread there during the Postglacial ; this probably took place at about 6980 cal BP for Q. ilex.

  • 13b - Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica

  • from 13 - The West
  • Edited by Alan K. Bowman, University of Oxford, Edward Champlin, Princeton University, New Jersey, Andrew Lintott, University of Oxford
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Ancient History
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    08 February 1996, pp 434-448

  • Summary

    Sardinia and Corsica were culturally very distinct from Sicily. Greek influence in both islands was negligible, but in Sardinia there was a considerable legacy of Carthaginian culture in the principal cities of the west coast, which had started life as Phoenician foundations. Both islands received a generally bad press from Roman writers. The importance of Sardinian grain to Italy is highlighted by the events of 40-58 BC. In the provincial reorganization of 27 BC Sardinia and Corsica were reckoned peaceful enough to be made, like Sicily, a province of the Roman people, administered as a single unit under a proconsular governor. Corsica in particular remained largely undeveloped throughout antiquity, and we can sympathize with Seneca's gloom about what he saw as a dismal place of exile. Sardinia's economic importance lay of course, as already noted, in grain. Away from the coastal regions and the main towns, Romanization made little impact under Augustus or the Julio-Claudians.

  • CHAPTER XXXVII - THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN

  • Edited by I. E. S. Edwards, C. J. Gadd, N. G. L. Hammond, E. Sollberger
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Ancient History
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    18 September 1975, pp 713-772

  • Summary

    This chapter presents the history of the following countries and regions in the Western Mediterranean during the period 1380-1000 BC: Italy, Sicily, Malta, Sardinia, Corsica, Southern France, Spain, Portugal, and North Africa. The first Neolithic societies with a mixed farming economy have so far been found in quantity only in the south-east and in Liguria, though traces are beginning to turn up in Calabria also. At the end of the fifths millennium BC, South France was occupied by small semi-nomadic groups of hunters and fishers and collectors technically known as Mesolithic people. The cardial wares are restricted in distribution in South France to the littoral and extend a short way up the Rhone valley. In the North African region, we find no great flourishing of Late Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures, nothing to compare with Los Millares and El Argar, with the Nuraghic civilization of Sardinia and the Torrean civilization of Corsica.