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3 results

  • 33 - The Role of Nutrition in Cognitive Decline

  • from Part V - Later Life and Interventions
  • Edited by Ayanna K. Thomas, Tufts University, Massachusetts, Angela Gutchess, Brandeis University, Massachusetts
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Aging
    Published online:
    28 May 2020
    Print publication:
    28 May 2020, pp 612-627

  • Summary

    Strong evidence suggests that older adults at risk of cognitive decline benefit from healthy lifestyle strategies to prevent or delay cognitive disorders. In particular, nutrition has been shown to preserve cognitive functions. Nutritional interventions, whether with single nutrients or following dietary patterns, have all shown protective effects against cognitive decline. In particular, higher levels of vitamins C, D, E, K, and the B family were associated with a better cognitive status. Likewise, fruit and vegetable consumption and omega-3 intake were protective against declined cognition. Regarding dietary patterns, the Mediterranean-type diet, DASH, and MIND diets are all positively associated with slower rates of cognitive decline and decreased risk of incident Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Nevertheless, intervention trials with vitamins or omega-3 supplements have not demonstrated conclusive evidence for preventing cognitive decline in healthy older adults, or for preventing loss or restoring function in patients with mild to moderate decline. Nutritional recommendations for older adults should emphasize dietary intakes of nutrients and food groups following those recommendations, as well as adoption of the Mediterranean, DASH, or MIND diets, in order to decrease risk of cognitive decline.

  • Relationships between vitamin A, iron status and helminthiasis in Bangladeshi school children

  • V Persson, F Ahmed, M Gebre-Medhin, T Greiner
  • Journal:
    Public Health Nutrition / Volume 3 / Issue 1 / March 2000
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 January 2007, pp. 83-89
    • Article
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  • Objective

    To explore the relationships between biochemical indicators of vitamin A and iron status and the intestinal helminths Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm in primary school children.

    Setting

    Two rural governmental schools in northwestern Bangladesh.

    Design

    Cross-sectional study.

    Subjects

    The sample consisted of 164 children in grades 3–5.

    Methods

    Serum retinol and β-carotene (by high-performance liquid chromatography, HPLC), haemoglobin (HemoCue), ferritin (enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay, ELIZA) and height and weight were measured. Dietary intake of vitamin A was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and faecal analyses were done using Stoll's egg-count technique.

    Results

    The mean serum retinol was 26.8 μg dl−1 and 20% had a level of <20 μg dl−1, the cut-off value for low vitamin A status. There was a strong positive association between serum β-carotene and serum retinol (r = 0.44, P <0.001), suggesting those with higher retinol levels had a higher carotene intake. Thirty-one per cent were anaemic (Hb <11.5 g dl−1), 30% had iron deficiency (serum ferritin <12.0 μg l−1) and 14% were suffering from iron deficiency anaemia. Children with a serum retinol level of 20 μg dl−1 had significantly lower ferritin (14.0 compared to 26.0 μg l−1, P = 0.005) and Hb levels (11.7 compared to 12.4 g dl−1, P = 0.005) than those with higher levels. The proportion of iron deficiency anaemia was significantly greater among children with hookworm. Our data suggest that hookworm exerts its impact on iron status independently of the vitamin A status of the host.

    Conclusions

    Programmes to improve iron status should consider including both vitamin A prevention programmes and deworming.