We consider symmetry-protected topological phases with on-site finite group G symmetry $\beta $ for two-dimensional quantum spin systems. We show that they have $H^{3}(G,{\mathbb T})$-valued invariant.

We introduce an index for symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases of infinite fermionic chains with an on-site symmetry given by a finite group G. This index takes values in $\mathbb {Z}_2 \times H^1(G,\mathbb {Z}_2) \times H^2(G, U(1)_{\mathfrak {p}})$ with a generalised Wall group law under stacking. We show that this index is an invariant of the classification of SPT phases. When the ground state is translation invariant and has reduced density matrices with uniformly bounded rank on finite intervals, we derive a fermionic matrix product representative of this state with on-site symmetry.

In this paper, we introduce two notions of a relative operator (α, β)-entropy and a Tsallis relative operator (α, β)-entropy as two parameter extensions of the relative operator entropy and the Tsallis relative operator entropy. We apply a perspective approach to prove the joint convexity or concavity of these new notions, under certain conditions concerning α and β. Indeed, we give the parametric extensions, but in such a manner that they remain jointly convex or jointly concave.

Significance Statement. What is novel here is that we convincingly demonstrate how our techniques can be used to give simple proofs for the old and new theorems for the functions that are relevant to quantum statistics. Our proof strategy shows that the joint convexity of the perspective of some functions plays a crucial role to give simple proofs for the joint convexity (resp. concavity) of some relative operator entropies.

Given a coaction $\alpha$ of a Hopf ${\rm C}^*$-algebra $A$ on a ${\rm C}^*$-algebra $B$ with an $\alpha$-invariant ${\rm C}^*$-subalgebra $C$, and a conditional expectation $E:B \rightarrow C$ commuting with $\alpha$, it is shown that if $(\pi, u)$ is a covariant representation of the system ($C, A, \alpha\mid_C$), then there is an associated covariant representation ($\tilde{\pi}, \tilde{u}$) of the system ($B, A, \alpha$), where $\tilde{\pi}$ is the representation induced from $\pi$ up to $B$ via $E$, and $\tilde{u}$ is a unitary corepresentation of $A$ naturally associated with $u$. Some applications are also discussed, including a lifting of ergodic coactions to von Neumann algebras, and a characterization of the amenability of multiplicative unitary operators via infinite tensor product covariant representations.