Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T01:07:52.575Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Threat bias, not negativity bias, underpins differences in political ideology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 June 2014

Scott O. Lilienfeld
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322. [email protected]
Robert D. Latzman
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-5010. [email protected]

Abstract

Although disparities in political ideology are rooted partly in dispositional differences, Hibbing et al.'s analysis paints with an overly broad brush. Research on the personality correlates of liberal–conservative differences points not to global differences in negativity bias, but to differences in threat bias, probably emanating from differences in fearfulness. This distinction bears implications for etiological research and persuasion efforts.

Type
Open Peer Commentary
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abramowitz, A. (2010) The disappearing center: Engaged citizens, polarization, and American democracy. Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Barlow, D. H. (2004) Anxiety and its disorders: The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic. Guilford.Google Scholar
Butler, J. C. (2000) Personality and emotional correlates of right-wing authoritarianism. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal 28:114.Google Scholar
Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C. & Zimbardo, P. G. (1999) Personality profiles and political parties. Political Psychology 20(1):175–97.Google Scholar
Caprara, G. V., Schwartz, S. H., Capanna, C., Vecchione, M. & Barbaranelli, C. (2006) Personality and politics: Values, traits, and political choice. Political Psychology 27:128.Google Scholar
Carney, D. R., Jost, J. T., Gosling, S. D. & Potter, J. (2008) The secret lives of liberals and conservatives: Personality profiles, interaction styles, and the things they leave behind. Political Psychology 29(6):807–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chirumbolo, A. & Leone, L. (2010) Personality and politics: The role of the HEXACO model of personality in predicting ideology and voting. Personality and Individual Differences 49:4348.Google Scholar
Church, A. T. (1994) Relating the Tellegen and five-factor models of personality structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 67:898909.Google Scholar
Church, A. T. & Burke, P. J. (1994) Exploratory and confirmatory tests of the Big Five and Tellegen's three-and four-dimensional models. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 66:93101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Depue, R. A. & Spoont, M. R. (1986) A serotonin trait: Towards a behavioral dimension of Constraint. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 487:4762.Google Scholar
Digman, J. M. (1997) Higher-order factors of the Big Five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 73:1246–56.Google Scholar
Fowles, D. C. (2002) Biological variables in psychopathology: A psychobiological perspective. In: Comprehensive handbook of psychopathology, ed. Sutker, P., pp. 85104. Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerber, A. S., Huber, G. A., Doherty, D., Dowling, C. M. & Ha, S. E. (2010) Personality and political attitudes: Relationships across issue domains and political contexts. American Political Science Review 104(01):111–33.Google Scholar
Gray, J. A. & McNaughton, N. (1996) The neuropsychology of anxiety: Reprise. In: Nebraska symposium on motivation, vol. 43, ed. Hope, D. A., pp. 61134. University of Nebraska Press.Google Scholar
Haidt, J. (2012) The righteous mind: Why good people are divided by politics and religion. Pantheon Books.Google Scholar
Jost, J. T., Glaser, J., Kruglanski, A. W. & Sulloway, F. J. (2003) Political conservatism as motivated social cognition. Psychological Bulletin 129(3):339–75.Google Scholar
Kossowska, M. & Van Hiel, A. (1999) Personality and current political beliefs: A comparative study of Polish and Belgian samples. Polish Psychological Bulletin 30:115–28.Google Scholar
Kramer, M. D., Patrick, C. J., Krueger, R. F. & Gasperi, M. (2012) Delineating physiologic defensive reactivity in the domain of self-report: phenotypic and etiologic structure of dispositional fear. Psychological Medicine 42:1305–20.Google Scholar
LaRowe, S. D., Patrick, C. J., Curtin, J. J. & Kline, J. P. (2006) Personality correlates of startle habituation. Biological Psychology 72:257–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lykken, D. T. (1995) The antisocial personalities. Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Schaller, M. & Neuberg, S. L. (2008) Intergroup prejudices and intergroup conflicts. In: Foundations of evolutionary psychology, ed. Crawford, C. & Krebs, D. L., pp. 399412. Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Sylvers, P., Lilienfeld, S. O. & LaPrairie, J. L. (2011) Differences between trait fear and trait anxiety: Implications for psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review 31:122–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tellegen, A. & Waller, N. G. (2008) Exploring personality through test construction: Development of the multidimensional personality questionnaire. The SAGE Handbook of Personality Theory and Assessment 2:261–92.Google Scholar
Vaidyanathan, U., Patrick, C. J. & Bernat, E. M. (2009) Startle reflex potentiation during aversive picture viewing as an index of trait fear. Psychophysiology 46:7585.Google Scholar
Vigil, J. M. (2010) Political leanings vary with facial expression processing and psychosocial functioning. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations 13:547–58.Google Scholar
Watson, D. & Clark, L. A. (1984) Negative affectivity: The disposition to experience aversive emotional states. Psychological Bulletin 96:465–80.Google Scholar
York, B. (2003) The “Conservatives are Crazy” study: Paid for by taxpayers. Free Republic. Available at: http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/957021/posts.Google Scholar