The several forms of preferential mating, such as cross-cousin marriage, sororate and levirate, are well known and have been reported from all the ethnographic provinces of the world. Lately Lowie and Rivers have devoted special chapters in their books on social organization to the comparative study of these important institutions. Lowie has pointed out that there is strong evidence for the correlation of sororate and levirate. The later publication of Rivers hardly serves to make these matters any clearer than Lowie's work. Although the latter scholar, with Tylor and others, recognized the close connexion existing between sororate and levirate, the evidence at his disposal did not allow him to arrive at a similar conclusion with regard to the other forms of preferential marriage. Accordingly he had to treat them, for the time being, as institutions of independent origin.

Wenn sich noch vor zwanzig Jahren die Abkömmlinge verschiedener Stämme in der Steppe Ostafrikas begegneten, gingen sie teilnahmlos aneinander vorüber, ja wohl noch erfüllt miteinem Gefühle gegenseitiger Ablehnung. Das hat sich völlig gewandelt, und gerade die Bewohner der Steppen sind es, die das ihnen begegnende Glied eines altangesessenen Bergstammes fragen: wer bist du? Und wenn der auf ihre Frage antwortet: ich bin ein Christ, dann laden sie ihn freundlich ein zum Niedersitzen mit dem Rufe: karibu karibu, tuzungumze: tritt näher, wir wollen uns besprechen.

In ethnological accounts the dance is usually given a place quite unworthy of its social importance. It is often viewed as an independent activity and is described without reference to its contextual setting in native life. Such treatment leaves out many problems as to composition and organization of the dance and hides from view its sociological function.

L'Olivier, très vieil arbre. Il en est peu qui puisse s'enorgueillir d'une tradition si ancienne et si humaine: un de ses rameaux dans le bee de la colombe n'annonçait-il pas à Noé la fin de la colère divine?

Sur tout le pourtour de la Méditerranée, l'olivier trouve des conditions favorables dans les sols considérés comme les plus arides aussi bien que sur les terres les plus riches. Il est en Syrie, en Anatolie, en Italie, en Provence, en Espagne; Athènes en a fait l'attribut de sa marraine, la sage Pallas; les rives redoutées de l'Afrique septentrionale en sont couvertes comme par contraste, car l'arbre de paix a fructifié au milieu des pires complications de l'histoire, de celles déterminées par le seul goût des rapines qui, pendant des siécles, a poussé les tribus pillardes à dévaster villes et campagnes, les pirates barbaresques à écumer la mer.

In this article I shall confine my remarks almost exclusively to that portion of South Africa south of the Zambezi and the Kunene rivers, a territory comprising the Union of South Africa, South-West Africa, Bechwanaland, Southern Rhodesia, and the southern portion of Portuguese East Africa. In this large area, quite apart from the European languages used, we have representatives of three distinct linguistic types. Two of these types, the Bushman and the Hottentot, will not delay us any length of time; but the third, the Bantu, presents many difficulties at this stage of the opening up of Africa to European civilization, difficulties which the missionary societies, the European administrations, and the Natives themselves are beginning to face, difficulties which are bound up inextricably with questions of economics, sentiment, and growing racial consciousness. The work of the linguist in this connexion is not eased by the fact that this area is not under one administration, and I fear that some of the movements towards a unification and centralization of some of the languages will be hampered for this reason.