The patients forming the subject of the following paper were natives of East, West and South Africa. The South African group are mainly Basutos, mostly non-English speaking, and hence interviews had to be carried out with the aid of an interpreter. To obtain correct perspective of their types of illness it is of course necessary to know thoroughly their customs, beliefs and mode of living. For the sake of brevity illustrations are given only from the Basuto tribe, although it must be borne in mind that there is considerable difference between this and the other groups in this respect.

In the fly leaf, this book was described as a textbook of first rate quality and a standard reference for many years to come. However, psychoanalysis is not a static subject and, as such, does not lend itself to a definitive textbook with an inbuilt rigidity.

Associative intrusions in the thought of short-term and long-term schizophrenic, non-schizophrenic, and non-psychiatric in-patients were measured using Rattan and Chapman's multiple-choice vocabulary test. This test consists of two subtests, one with associative distractors and the other without distractors, which are matched on discriminating power and thus permit the assessment of differential specific performance deficit uncontaminated by the generalized deficit characteristic of many patient groups.

Results indicated that some susceptibility to associative intrusions characterizes all groups of long-term patients regardless of diagnosis. Short-term patients (with the possible exception of schizophrenic) did not show such heightened susceptibility.

Lengthy illness and/or stay in hospital are apparently implicated in at least this form of thought disorder, which has been often considered to be a uniquely schizophrenic phenomenon.

The beneficial effect of monoamine oxidase blockers on depressive states has been established. Their therapeutic effect has been assessed at ranging between 60 and 80 per cent. of all cases treated. We have tried to improve on this rate by combined treatment with iproniazid and reserpine, a combination which has been used in experimental animals by Chessin et al. (1, 2) and Brodie et al. (3). The results of our treatment will be briefly described in this paper.

A previous paper (Morgan, 1967) demonstrated the extent to which long-stay psychiatric patients are handicapped by ignorance of the names of people whom they see daily. The mean performance of a sample of patients was less than half as good as that of a control group of non-patients. It was postulated that knowledge of another person's name is a useful tool in social intercourse, and that ignorance of a name represents a handicap to communication. It was further suggested that some cause and effect relationship exists between the social withdrawal of long-stay schizophrenic patients and their ignorance of names. The data presented in the previous paper did not serve to show whether this ignorance is treatable at all or whether current methods of treatment are in fact helping to treat it. The present paper aims to present some further evidence on these points, derived from a deliberate attempt to teach patients the names of other people.