Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T20:22:01.272Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Correction factors for 13C-labelled substrate oxidation at whole-body and muscle level

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2007

Gerrit van Hall
Gerrit van Hall*
Affiliation:
The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Rigshospitalet section 7652, 20 Tagensvej, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
*
Corresponding Author: Dr G. van Hall, fax +45 3545 7634, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The oxidation of fatty acids, carbohydrates and amino acids can be measured by quantifying the rate of excretion of labelled CO2 following administration of 14C- or 13C-labelled substrates at whole-body and tissue level. However, there is a theoretical need to correct the oxidation rates for the proportion of labelled CO2 that is produced via oxidation but not excreted. Furthermore, depending on the substrate and position of the C label(s), there may also be a need to correct for labelled C from the metabolized substrate that does not appear as CO2, but rather becomes temporarily fixed in other metabolites. The bicarbonate correction factor is used to correct for the labelled CO2 not excreted. Recently, an acetate correction factor has been proposed for the simultaneous correction of CO2 not excreted and label fixed in other metabolites via isotopic exchange reactions, mainly in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Changes in metabolic rate induced, for example, by feeding, hormonal changes and physical activity, as well as infusion time, have been shown to affect both correction factors. The present paper explains the theoretical and physiological basis of these correction factors and makes recommendations as to how these correction factors should be used in various physiological conditions.

Keywords

BicarbonateAcetateFatty acidsCarbohydrateExercise
Type
Meeting Report
Information
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , Volume 58 , Issue 4 , November 1999 , pp. 979 - 986
Copyright
The Nutrition Society

References

Balasse, EO (1970) Kinetics of ketone body metabolism in fasting humans. Metabolism 28, 41–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barstow, TJ, Cooper, DM, Sobel, EM, Landaw, EM & Epstein, S (1990) Influence of increased metabolic rate on [13C]bicarbonate washout kinetics. American Journal of Physiology 259, R163–R171.Google ScholarPubMed
Bleiberg, B, Beers, TR, Persson, M & Miles, JM (1992) Systemic and regional acetate kinetics in dogs. American Journal of Physiology 262, E197–E202.Google ScholarPubMed
Bowtell, JL, Leese, GP, Smith, K, Watt, PW, Nevill, A, Rooyackers, O, Wagenmakers, AJM & Rennie, MJ (1998) Modulation of whole body protein metabolism, by variation of dietary protein. Journal of Applied Physiology 85, 1744–1752.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bowtell, JL, Reynolds, N & Rennie, MJ (1994) Differential modulation of 13C recovery during 13C bicarbonate infusion, by dietary protein and glucose supplementation, at rest and during exercise. Clinical Science 87, 57–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coyle, EF, Jeukendrup, AE, Wagenmakers, AJM & Saris, WHM (1997) Fatty acid oxidation is directly regulated by carbohydrate metabolism during exercise. American Journal of Physiology 273, E268–E275.Google ScholarPubMed
Dagenais, GR, Tancredi, RG & Zierler, KL (1976) Free fatty acid oxidation by forearm muscle at rest, and evidence for an intramuscular lipid pool in the human forearm. Journal of Clinical Investigation 58, 421–431.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elia, M, Fuller, NJ & Murgatroyd, PR (1993) Measurement of bicarbonate turnover in humans applicability to estimation of energy expenditure. American Journal of Physiology 263, E676–E687.Google Scholar
Elia, M, Jones, MG, Jennings, G, Poppitt, SD, Fuller, NJ, Murgatroyd, PR & Jebb, SA (1995) Estimating energy expenditure from specific activity of urine urea during lengthy subcutaneous NaH14CO3 infusion. American Journal of Physiology 269, E172–E182.Google Scholar
Hagenfeldt, L & Wahren, J (1968) Human forearm metabolism during exercise. Uptake, release and oxidation of individual fatty acids and glycerol. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 21, 263–276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Havel, RJ, Pernow, B & Jones, NL (1967) Uptake and release of free fatty acids and other metabolites in the legs of exercising men. Journal of Applied Physiology 23, 90–99.Google Scholar
Heiling, VJ, Miles, JM & Jensen, MD (1991) How valid are isotopic measurements of fatty acids? American Journal of Physiology 261, E572–E577.Google Scholar
Hellerstein, MK, Christiansen, M, Kaempfer, S, Kletke, C, Wu, K, Reid, JS, Mulligan, K, Hellerstein, NS & Shackleton, CHL (1991a) Measurement of de novo hepatic lipogenesis in humans using stable isotopes. Journal of Clinical Investigation 87, 1841–1852.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hellerstein, MK, Kletke, C, Kaempfer, S, Wu, K & Shackleton, CHL (1991b) Use of mass isotopomer distributions in secreted lipids to sample lipogenic acetyl-CoA pool in vivo in humans. American Journal of Physiology 261, E479–E486.Google ScholarPubMed
Irving, CS, Wong, WW, Shulman, RJ, Smith, EO & Klein, PD (1983) [13C]bicarbonate kinetics in humans: intra- vs inter-individual variations. American Journal of Physiology 245, R190–R202.Google Scholar
Irving, CS, Wong, WW, Wong, WM, Boutton, TW, Shulman, RJ, Lifschitz, CL, Malphus, EW, Helge, H & Klein, PD (1984) Rapid determination of whole-body bicarbonate kinetics by use of digital infusion. American Journal of Physiology 247, R709–R716.Google Scholar
Kornberg, HL, Davies, RE & Wood, DR (1951) The metabolism of 14C-labelled bicarbonate in the cat. Biochemical Journal 51, 351–357.Google Scholar
Leese, GP, Nicoll, AE, Vaenier, M, Thompson, J, Scrimgeour, CM & Rennie, MJ (1994) Kinetics of 13CO2 elimination after ingestion of 13C bicarbonate: the effects of exercise and acid base balance. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 24, 818–823.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leijssen, DPC & Elia, M (1996) Recovery of 13CO2 and 14CO2 in human bicarbonate studies: a critical review with original data. Clinical Science 91, 665–677.Google Scholar
Mittendorfer, B, Sidossis, LS, Walser, E, Chinkes, DL & Wolfe, RR (1998) Regional acetate kinetics and oxidation in human volunteers. American Journal of Physiology 274, E978–E983.Google Scholar
Pouteau, E, Piloquet, H, Maugeais, P, Champ, M, Dumon, H, Nguyen, P & Krempf, M (1996) Kinetic aspects of acetate metabolism in healthy humans using [1-13C]acetate. American Journal of Physiology 271, E58–E64.Google ScholarPubMed
Schrauwen, P, van Aggelen-Leijssen, DPC, van Marken, Lichtenbelt WD, Gijsen, AP & Wagenmakers, AJM (1998) Validation of the [1,2-13C]acetate recovery factor for the correction of [U-13C]palmitate oxidation rates in humans. Journal of Physiology 513, 215–223.Google Scholar
Shipley, RA, Baker, N, Incepy, GE & Clark, RE (1959) 14C studies in carbohydrate metabolism. IV. Characteristics of bicarbonate pool system in the rat. American Journal of Physiology 197, 41–46.Google Scholar
Sidossis, LS, Coggan, AR, Gastaldelli, A & Wolfe, RR (1995a) A new correction factor for use in a tracer estimations of plasma fatty acid oxidation. American Journal of Physiology 269, E649–E656.Google Scholar
Sidossis, LS, Coggan, AR, Gastaldelli, A & Wolfe, RR (1995b) Pathways of free fatty acid oxidation in human subjects – Implications for tracer studies. Journal of Clinical Investigation 95, 278–284.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sidossis, LS, Stuart, CA, Shulman, GI, Lopaschuk, GD & Wolfe, RR (1996) Glucose plus insulin regulate fat oxidation by controlling the rate of fatty acid entry into mitochondria. Journal of Clinical Investigation 98, 2244–2250.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slanger, BH, Kusubov, N & Winchell, HS (1970) Effect of exercise on human CO2-HCO3- kinetics. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 11, 716–718.Google Scholar
Steel, R (1955) The retention of metabolic radioactive carbonate. Biochemical Journal 60, 447–452.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tarnopolsky, MA, Atkinson, SA, MacDougall, JD, Senor, BB, Lemon, PWR & Schwarcz, H (1991) Whole body leucine metabolism during and after resistance exercise in fed humans. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 23, 326–333.Google Scholar
Tounian, P, Schneiter, P, Henry, S & Tappy, L (1996) Effect of infused glucose on glycogen metabolism. Clinical Physiology 16, 403–416.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Loon, LJC, Schrauwen, P & Wagenmakers, AJM (1999) The effect of exercise intensity on breath 13CO2 recovery during [1,2-13C]acetate infusion. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 58, 166A.Google Scholar
Wolfe, RR & Jahoor, F (1990) Recovery of labeled CO2 during the infusion of C-1 vs C-2-labeled acetate: implication for tracer studies of substrate oxidation. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 51, 248–252.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wolfe, RR, Wolfe, MH, Nadel, ER & Shaw, JHF (1984) Isotopic determination of amino acid-urea interaction in exercise in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology 52, 221–224.Google Scholar