Ag+ was implanted in silica glass and beta alumina crystal and studied using particle backscattering and optical absorption. We found that Ag aggregates into colloidal metallic particles and when annealed diffuses toward the surface. The activation energy for diffusion is 0.14 eV in silica glass and 0.16 eV in beta alumina. Computer simulations indicate fast Ag+ diffusion is due to large concentrations of vacancies deposited along the track of the implanted ion. The high ionic conductivity of beta alumina promotes uniform spreading of the implanted layer.

NaS batteries are at a state of development at which the principal problems are resolved and prototype batteries have been tested for major applications such as electric vehicle propulsion and off-peak electric energy storage in electric networks. An overview will be presented on the state of development and on application tests performed so far.

Nevertheless, cell and battery ccmponents need to be further optimized. Major areas for potential improvements are the beta alumina solid electrolyte with regard to conductivity, mechanical strength and life, the metal ceramic joint, the cell casing with regard to corrosion resistance, and the vacuum thermal enclosure with regard to a lower thermal conductivity. Possible solutions will be discussed.

Concurrent with impressive advances in advanced batteries operating at high temperatures such as the Na/Na2 Sx and Li/FeS systems, have been concerns over safety and reliability of such batteries. Accordingly, various efforts have been made to offer alternative high specific energy/power batteries operating at reduced temperatures [ 1, 2, 3 ]. However, since electrode kinetics and mass transport processes in batteries are thermally activated, lower temperature systems often present a compromise between lower power output, and enhanced reliability, safety, and economic factors. Fortunately, lower temperature systems also offer far more flexibility in cell design, allowing geometries with higher electrode surface area than would be feasible with high temperature systems, thereby reducing the necessary current densities for acceptable power output.

The concept of a solid state energy storage cell has been proven technically feasible by numerous researchers over a period of at least 30 years. [1] Good reviews are available on the state of the art today [2]. The related concept of a solid state rechargeable cell has also been proven technically feasible [3,4]. This paper will describe advances made in primary and secondary solid state cell systems over a period of several years of development at Eveready Battery Co., Inc. Additionally, an attempted experimental verification of “Composite Electrode Theory” proposed by S. Atlung [5] is made.

Considerable efforts are in progress to develop rechargeable batteries as alternative systems to the nickel-cadmium battery. In this regard, several advances have been made in ambient-temperature lithium battery technology, and specifically in the engineering of rechargeable lithium/manganese dioxide cells. This paper reviews the current state of the art in rechargeable Li/MnO2battery technology; particular attention is paid to the structural features of various MnO2electrode materials which influence their electrochemical and cycling behaviour in lithium cells.

in this study we report the use of a self-contained proton conductor, an electrochromic film of PWA, as the coating material for an energy-efficient window. The coating was prepared by spray pyrolysis method. The solar transmittance of the window can vary reversibly between 78% to 8%. The diffusion coefficient of PWA in decoloration is 2.8 × 10−12cm2/sec based on the calculation from the cyclic voltammetric data.

New proton conducting materials were prepared and characterized for potential applications in humidity sensing at temperatures higher than 100°C by complex impedance or galvanic cell type techniques. Calcium metaphosphate, β-Ca(PO3)2 as a galvanic cell type sensor material yields reproducible signals in the range from 5 to 200 nmm Hg water vapor pressure at 578°C, with short response time(-30 sec). Polycrystalline samples of α-Zr(HPO4)2 and KMO3 P5.8Si2O25, and the gel converted ceramic, 0.10Li2O-0.25P2O5-0.65SiO2 as impedance sensor materials show decreases in impedance with increasing humidity in the range from 9 nmn Hg to 1 atm water vapor pressure at 179*C.

The ionic conductivity of a large number of electrolyte materials, such as LiI, AgCl, AgI and CuCl, is known to be enhanced by the addition of inert submicron particles, most often alumina. Typically the conductivity is enhanced by I to 3 orders of magnitude for composites containing 10 to 40 volume % particles. Several other researchers have attributed this effect to an enhanced carrier concentration in a space charge polarization layer surrounding the alumina particles. However, estimates of the magnitude of such a space charge layer indicate that this mechanism alone can not account for the large enhanced conductivities reported for several of the composites.

Oxygen mobility in the system YBa2Cu307-δ (0 ≤ 8 ≤ 1) has been studied by electrochemical methods over the temperature range 500 ≤ T ≤ 800 °C. The experimental cell consisted of a pellet of YBa2Cu307-δ sandwiched between an ionically-blocking Au film electrode and an electronically-blocking yttrium-stabilized zirconia electrolyte/Pt paste electrode. The concentration of mobile oxygen ions, c(02-), and the diffusion coefficient, D, were evaluated from potential step experiments. Coulometric titration studies were used to modify the oxygen content of the oxygen deficient (δ ≥ 0) material. These electrochemically-modified samples were further characterized by magnetic susceptibility measurements to monitor the effect of changes of oxygen content on the width and position of the superconducting transītion.

Solid State ion conductors are sucessfully employed in chemical sensors for gases such as oxygen for process control and environmental protection. The application requires elevated temperatures for sufficiently high ionic conductivity and is restricted to a few gases for which suitable solid electrolytes are available.

Chemical and physical vapour deposition (CVD, PVD) techniques have been used to fabricate micro–electronic devices for several decades. This success has supported the recent expansion of these thinfilm technologies into areas of ceramic processing. To date the techniques are being used to produce advanced ceramic coatings to improve wear resistance or corrosion resistance, or high efficiency solar cells, or ultra fine ceramic powders.