Orbital cellulitis and abscess are known complications of ethmoiditis in children, but they are very rare in the newborn. The authors report a case of orbital abscess caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a four-week-old neonate born four weeks prematurely.

A 19-year-old farmer was referred by his general practitioner as an emergency to our otolaryngology department complaining of marked breathlessness of a few hours duration. He gave a three-day history of painful swelling and hair loss in the beard area of the right side of the neck. His upper airway was compromised unless extension of the neck was maintained. Larynx and pharynx were normal. The acute symptoms settled with intravenous antibiotics and hydrocortisone. Culture of skin scrapings revealed a growth of Tricophyton verrucosum. The neck swelling subsided after a course of oral griseofulvin followed by terbinafine. Difficulty in breathing due to fungal infection of the neck has not been previously reported in the English literature.

Secondary deposits in the temporal bone are uncommon but well recognized. Such tumours may involve the facial nerve by direct extension of the destructive process into the fallopian canal. We present a rare case of metastasis from a breast carcinoma in the facial nerve itself, involving the nerve in the internal acoustic meatus with extension into the labyrinthine segment, the first genu and into the middle-ear segment. The rest of the temporal bone was not involved. The lesion resembled a facial schwannoma on a routine magnetic resonance (MR) image. The diagnosis was confirmed after a post-operative computed tomography (CT) scan showed another separate secondary deposit in the basisphenoid. Histology was consistent with secondary tumour from a breast carcinoma. The case highlights the importance of keeping a high degree of suspicion for metastatic tumours in patients with a previous history of malignancy and the usefulness of CT scan in the evaluation of such cases.

A granular cell tumour is a rare lesion of probable nerve sheath origin. It is typically benign but up to seven per cent may be malignant. Since its original description in the tongue in 1926, the tumour has been reported to occur at many other sites in the body. The authors report a case of a 49-year-old African woman with an oronaso-parapharyngeal granular cell neoplasm causing mild dysphagia. The location of this tumour, which has not been reported previously, posed a unique surgical challenge. An initial attempt to remove the lesion transorally was only partially successful because it was too tough and adherent for conventional surgical dissecting instruments. Complete resection, however, was achieved with a carbon dioxide laser via the same approach. This information may be helpful in the management of other similar cases in the future.

An atraumatic clavicular fracture presented after radical treatment for laryngeal carcinoma. This presented a diagnostic dilemma. The differential diagnosis included metastatic bone disease and osteomyelitis as well as post-radiotherapy complications. After investigation, the cause was thought to be a post-radiation fracture of the clavicle and to the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first ever documented in a patient who had undergone a total laryngectomy with bilateral modified radical neck dissections and post-operative radiotherapy. Cases of a fractured clavicle post-radiation have been most commonly documented in patients with breast cancer and only a few cases have been documented in patients with laryngeal cancer treated with a total laryngectomy, bilateral radical neck dissections and radiotherapy.

This study looks at case series of malignant otitis externa, outlines detailed structural (radiological) and functional (radionuclide) investigations, and discusses their utility in the initial diagnosis, patient management and follow up of this condition.

Patients were investigated by computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), two-phase planar and single-photon emission tomography (SPECT), technetium-99m methylenediphosphonate bone scans, gallium-67 planar and SPECT scans, and indium-111 or technetium-99m labelled WBC planar and SPECT scintigraphy.

We discuss example case reports with the various radiological and scintigraphic findings and outline a protocol for rational investigation.

It is concluded that CT and/or MRI should be supported by routine SPECT bone imaging for initial diagnosis of malignant otitis externa. Routine SPECT bone imaging further supplemented by gallium scintigraphy should be the investigation of choice in the follow up of these cases for assessing response to treatment and disease recurrence.