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504 Dihydroxyacetone, a combustion of electronic cigarettes, promotes cardiac-specific injury through metabolic and mitochondrial imbalances

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 April 2024

Arlet Hernandez
Affiliation:
University of Alabama at Birmingham
M Gwin
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama
LA Wiggins
Affiliation:
Department of Comparative Medicine, Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama
H Bryant
Affiliation:
Department of Comparative Medicine, Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama
M Vasilyev
Affiliation:
Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa
VL Dal Zotto
Affiliation:
Department of Pathology,Heersink School of Medicine, the University of Alabama at Birmingham
ML Bates
Affiliation:
Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa
M Schuler
Affiliation:
Department of Comparative Medicine and Microbiology, Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama
NR Gassman
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Heersink School of Medicine, the University of Alabama at Birmingham
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Abstract

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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Electronic cigarettes have become increasingly popular, with various combustion products generated in the process. Dihydroxyacetone (DHA), a carbohydrate made during the heating process. Exposures may reach high micromolar to low millimolar doses of DHA per day and no studies have been done to understand the effects of DHA in the heart. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Here, we examine if DHA contributes to these using rat cardiomyocytes, H9c2 cells, and rat cardiac tissues to DHA evaluating metabolic and mitochondrial effects. Using the cells, we will investigate metabolic and mitochondrial pathways using Seahorse, protein expression changes in nutrient sensing pathways, and understand dose-dependent effects of DHA in the heart. Metabolite pools will also be evaluated to understand the changes promoted by DHA. Oxidative stress as previously observed in other cell models will also be measured. Key findings in the cardiac cells will be investigated in the cardiac tissues exposed to DHA. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We have previously shown DHA induces oxidative stress, metabolic changes, and mitochondrial dysfunction in various cell line models. Interestingly, these effects are highly cell-type dependent. E-cigarettes are known to have toxic cardiac effects, including arterial stiffness, endothelial dysfunction, vascular injury, and oxidative stress. Changes in glycolytic, fatty acid synthesis, and the citric acid cycle enzymes and metabolites were found in the H9c2 cells. We also observed increased mitochondrial ROS and fuel changes due to DHA exposure. In DHA exposed cardiac tissues, we observed oxidative stress and mitochondrial fission and fusion dynamics altered. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: These data suggest further study at physiologically relevant doses is warranted to understand how DHA inhaled impacts the long-term health of vapers. As well as the regulation of DHA in e-cigarettes as it has been deemed as safe for topical applications and warned against inhalation.

Type
Regulatory Science
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. The Association for Clinical and Translational Science