Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T14:49:45.137Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Altitudinal effects on Stylosanthes guianensis at a low latitude site: 2. Seed production

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

R. L. Ison  and
L. R. Humphreys
R. L. Ison
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture, University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4067, Australia
L. R. Humphreys
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture, University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4067, Australia
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Seed production of five selections of Stylosanthes guianensis var. guianensis was studied in Bali, Indonesia (latitude 8° 30′ S) with a series of harvests at three sites of increasing altitude and rainfall: (1) Sesetan, 10 m, (2) Kuwum, 280 m and (3) Pekarangan, 1000 m. Seed yield of cv. Graham, CPI 34906, cv. Cook and cv. Endeavour was maximal at Sesetan with yields of 109, 39, 38 and 166 g/m2 respectively, whilst cv. Schofield, which flowered little at low altitude, produced 12 g/m2 at Pekarangan. Optimum time of harvest varied from 26 April for cv. Graham at Sesetan to 1 November for cv. Schofield at Pekarangan. Yield stability over sites was greatest in cv. Graham, in which increased number of florets per spike at high altitude partially compensated for negative altitudinal effects on spike density. Disease reduced yields of cv. Cook and cv. Endeavour at Kuwum and Pekarangan and the incidence of rainfall at advanced stages of crop development reduced spike density and seed maturation.

It is suggested that the high seed yields attained at the low altitude, low latitude Sesetan site were attained via (1) vigorous vegetative growth and a longer duration of floral induction resulting in high bud site density, (2) high bud site fertility, (3) high seed set (ca. 70–80%), (4) high seed weight and (5) little or no disease or insect damage. The greater synchrony of flowering at higher latitude sites may be less critical for high levels of seed production than the greater length of crop development available at low latitudes.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 101 , Issue 1 , August 1983 , pp. 231 - 240
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1983

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bryant, P.M. & Humphreys, L. R. (1976). Photoperiod and temperature effects on the flowering of Stylosanthes guianensis. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 16, 506–513.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burt, R. L., Reid, R. & Williams, W. T. (1975). Exploration for, and utilization of, collections of tropical pasture legumes. 1. The relationship between agronomic performance and climate of origin of introduced Stylosanthes spp. Agro-ecosystems 2, 293–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferguson, J. E., Thomas, D. E., de Andrade, R. P., Souza Costa, N. & Jutzi, S. (1983). Seed production potentials of eight tropical pasture species in regions of Latin America. Proceedings Fourteenth International Grassland Congress, pp. 275–278. Lexington, Kentucky.Google Scholar
Hopkinson, J. M. & Reid, R. (1979). Significance of climate on tropical pasture seed production. In Pasture Production in Acid Soils of the Tropics (ed. Sanchez, P. A. and Tergas, L. E.), pp. 343–360. Cali, Colombia: C.I.A.T.Google Scholar
Humphreys, L. R. (1979). Tropical Pasture Seed Production. Rome: F.A.O. Plant Production Protection Paper 8.Google Scholar
Hunter, M. N., de Jabrun, P. & Byth, D. E. (1980). The response of nine soybean lines to soil moisture conditions close to saturation. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 20, 339–345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Irwin, J. A. G. & Cameron, D. F. (1978). Two diseases in Stylosanthes spp. caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in Australia, and pathogenic specialization within one of the causal organisms. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 29, 305–317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ison, R. L. (1982). Climatic factors controlling juvenility, flowering and seed production of selections of Stylosanthes guianensis var. guianensis. Ph.D. thesis, University of Queensland.Google Scholar
Ison, R. L. & Humphreys, L. R. (1983). Altitudinal effects on Stylosanthes guianensis. 1. Flowering. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 101, 223–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loch, D. S., Hopkinson, J. M. & English, B. H. (1976). Seed production of Stylosanthes guianensis. 1. Growth and development. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 16, 218–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McWilliam, J. R. (1978). Response of pasture plants to temperature. In Plant Relations to Pastures (ed. Wilson, J. R.), pp. 17–34. Melbourne: C.S.I.R.O.Google Scholar
Mendoza, R. C, Sasis, G. T. & Javier, E. Q. (1976). Seed production of tropical forage legumes. 3. Stylosanthes guianensis. Philippine Journal of Crop Science 1, 217–219.Google Scholar
Skerman, R. H. & Humphreys, L. R. (1973). Effect of temperature during flowering on seed formation of Stylosanthes humilis. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 24, 317–324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar