International law — Relation to Municipal law — Whether courts will examine validity under international law of public act of foreign sovereign committed within own territory expropriating foreign property without adequate compensation — Competence of municipal courts to determine and apply international law Nature of customary international law standard governing State's responsibility for taking of foreign property without adequate compensation — Act of State doctrine — Nature of and policies underlying — Applicability of doctrine when foreign State's acts alleged to violate customary international law — International law as understood by courts in United States — The law of the United States of America.

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Expropriation of alien property — Expropriation by Cuba of sugar properties within Cuba indirectly owned by United States residents — Challenge to validity of expropriation in United States court — Action by Cuban governmental instrumentality to recover value of such properties after alleged conversion of sugar in United States — Whether expropriation in violation of customary international law — Relevance of failure of Cuba to pay adequate compensation — Relevance of retaliatory purpose of expropriation and discriminatory application to United States citizens — Nature of customary international law standard governing State's responsibility for taking of foreign property without adequate compensation — Application of Act of State doctrine in United States courts — International law as understood by courts in United States — The law of the United States of America.

Recognition of acts of foreign States and Governments — Expropriation of foreign-owned property situate within expropriating State — Expropriation by Cuba of sugar properties indirectly owned by United States residents — Suit by Cuban governmental instrumentality in United States Court to recover value of properties after alleged conversion of sugar in United States — Whether Court can examine validity of expropriation to determine whether instrumentality acquired title to sugar properties — Act of State doctrine — Nature of and policies underlying — Applicability of doctrine when foreign State's acts alleged to violate customary international law — Nature of customary international standard governing State's responsibility for taking of foreign property without adequate compensation — Whether recognized foreign Government may resort to United States courts — International law as understood by courts in United States — The law of the United States of America.

Consuls — Position and functions of — Right of consul to represent national with respect to inheritance — Whether right is exclusive — Effect upon right of consul general of Government-in-exile to represent national when national appoints other party by power of attorney — The law of the United States of America.

Recognition — Of Governments — Effect of non-recognition upon validity of power of attorney acknowledged and certified by official of unrecognized Government — Distinction between treating as valid political or other acts of a Government — Non-recognition by United States of absorption of Baltic States into U.S.S.R. — The law of the United States of America.

States as international persons — Recognition — Of Governments — Standing to sue in courts of United States of recognized Government or its instrumentality when diplomatic relations have been broken off — The law of the United States of America.

States as international persons — Recognition of acts of foreign States — Notarization of signature by officials of unrecognized Government — Whether non — recognition by United States of incorporation of Baltic States into U.S.S.R. precludes giving effect to notarization — The law of the United States of America.

States as international persons — Recognition — Of Governments — Consequences of non-recognition — Validity of official acts — Non-recognition by United States of incorporation of Baltic States into U.S.S.R. — Whether notarization of signatures in Baltic States by Soviet officials will be recognized in United States — The law of the United States of America.

States as International persons — Recognition — Of Governments — For purposes of statute prohibiting counterfeiting currency of foreign Government — The law of the United States of America.

International law — Historic title of State to territory — Meaning and nature of historic title — Proof thereof — International law as understood by the United States of America.

State territory — Parts of — Straits — Channels between islands of State of Hawaii — Whether Hawaii has historic title to channels — Requirements for and proof of historic title.

Jurisdiction — On the high seas — Conception of high seas — Water boundaries of State of Hawaii — Channels between islands of State of Hawaii — Whether channels constitute high seas or part of Hawaiian territory — Concept of high seas, territorial waters and historic title under international law.

State territory — Parts of — Water boundaries — Historic title — Requirements for and proof of — Channels between islands of State of Hawaii — Whether channels constitute high seas or part of Hawaiian territory — Concepts of high seas, territorial waters and historic title under international law.

State territory — Parts of — Bays — Length of closing line defining internal waters of State — Whether Alaska or United States has title to land underlying certain waters within natural headlands of Alaskan bay — Policy of United States as to internal waters at time of admission of Alaska as State — Effect of changed United States position reflected in Convention on the Territorial Sea — The law of the United States of America.

The individual in international law — Human Rights and freedoms — Right to passport — Denial because member of Communist Party — Whether consistent with United States Constitution — Liberty of travel — The law of the United States of America.

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Over nationals — Freedom to travel — Passport — Nature of — Exit permit — Denial of passport — Grounds for — Members of Communist Party — Whether denial consistent with United States Constitution — The law of the United States of America.

Jurisdiction — On the high seas — Law governing the flag — Doctrine of internal economy of vessel — Applicability of United States Merchant Seamen's Act to foreign seaman on foreign flag ship owned by United States citizens — The law of the United States of America.

Jurisdiction — Territorial limits of — Scope of penal laws — Statute providing penalties for improper articles of employment — Application to foreign seamen on foreign flag ship owned by United States citizens and travelling to United States ports — The law of the United States of America.

Jurisdiction — Territorial limits of — Municipal statute giving right of action to seamen suffering personal injuries in course of employment — Application to foreign seamen aboard foreign flag ship — Relevance of signature of articles in State of forum — Relevance of injury in port of State of forum — The law of the United States of America.

Jurisdiction — Territorial limits of — Applicability of legislation to foreign companies making agreements abroad which affect foreign commerce of legislating State — United States Shipping Act of 1916 — Effect of note of protest of foreign Government submitted to court but not supported by United States Executive — The law of the United States of America.

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Exemptions from — Foreign States — Immunity from suit of foreign Government agency in absence of Executive suggestion of immunity — Category of activities to which immunity extends — Distinction between commercial and public acts — Effect of arbitration agreement upon question of Immunity — Arbitration agreement as consent to jurisdiction of court — The law of the United States of America.

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Exemptions from and restrictions upon — Public ships and other property of foreign States — Sovereign immunity — Failure of foreign sovereign to raise defence of sovereign immunity at appropriate time — Waiver as consequence — Extension of waiver to execution as well as attachment — Position where United States Executive does not suggest immunity — The law of the United States of America.

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Exemptions from — Property of foreign States — Foreclosure of tax liens on land owned by foreign States as residences of representatives to the United Nations — The law of the United States of America.

Jurisdiction — Personal — Over nationals — Re-entry by national into own country without valid passport — Whether national subject to criminal prosecution — Consistency of such prosecution with United States Constitution — Right to return to country as inherent in concept of citizenship — The law of the United States of America.

International Law — Sources — General principles of law — Meaning and content — Distinguished from equity — Application as law governing concession agreement between State corporation and foreign company — Respect for acquired rights as general principle of law — Pacta sunt servanda — Compensation for breach of concession — Damnum emergens and lucrum cessans.

State responsibility — Damages — Measure of — Indirect damages and damages for loss of profits — Breach of concession agreement — Claim for expenses incurred in concluding agreement — Claim for expenses in performing agreement — Compensation for loss of chance to discover oil in concession area — Valuation of right to unworked and unexplored areas — Applicable method of valuation — Expert evidence — Assessment of compensation ex aequo et bono.

State responsibility — Interest — Rate of interest — Direct and indirect damages for breaches of concession agreement — " Usual rate " of interest — Dies a quo.

Arbitration — The law applied by arbitral tribunals — Arbitration under concession agreement between State corporation and foreign company — Procedural law — Right of parties to choose this law — Effect of giving arbitrator power to determine seat of arbitration Competence of arbitrator to select procedural law — Substantive law — Application of general principles of law — Agreement with no express choice of law — Whether private international law of seat of arbitration governs — Relevance of common intention of parties — Applicability of lex loci contractus and lex loci executionis — Special nature of long-term concession agreement with foreign company — Significance of arbitration clause — Whether intention to reject exclusive application of local law implied.

Arbitration — In general — Appointment and withdrawal of arbitrators — Constitution of arbitral tribunal — Initial failure of one party to appoint arbitrator — Request to third party to appoint sole arbitrator — Claim that appointment null — Non-appearance of party making this claim — Validity of appointment of sole arbitrator — Whether this issue res judicata in subsequent arbitration.

Arbitration — Procedure — Procedure before the tribunal — Effect of default and refusal to appear by one party — Whether arbitrator may proceed to determine merits.

State responsibility — For revocation of, or interference with, concessions — Concession agreement between State corporation and foreign company — Undertaking by Government and State corporation not to cancel or amend concession or hinder its performance — Disputes clause — Provision for reference to arbitration — Application of principle pacta sunt servanda — Responsibility of State corporation for fundamental breach of concession — Measure of damages — Direct and indirect damages — Damages for loss of profits.

Nationality — Expatriation — By service in armed forces of foreign State — Constitutionality of deprivation of citizenship — The law of the United States of America.

Nationality — Expatriation — Statute providing for loss of nationality of naturalized citizen who continuously resides for three years in territory of foreign State of which he was formerly a national or in which he was born — Whether statute unconstitutional on ground that discrimination between naturalized and native-born citizens violates due process — The law of the United States of America.

Treaties — Interpretation of — Miscellaneous — Treaty of 1881 between United States and Serbia — Effect upon rigth of alien to inherit and upon State statute requiring that alien be permitted benefit, use and control of funds — The law of the United States of America.

Aliens — Treatment of — Right of non-resident alien to receive proceeds of estate as heir — Requirement that alien be permitted benefit, use and control of funds — Conflict between state statute and treaty between United States and country of alien — Treaty of 1881 between United States and Serbia — Most-favoured-nation clause — The law of the United States of America.