International law in general — Subjects of international law — Individuals — Right of recourse to Court of Justice of the European Communities — Article 173 of Treaty establishing European Economic Community — Regulations and decisions.

International law in general — Subjects of international law — Self-executing treaty provisions — Relation between municipal law and treaty law — The law of the European Communities.

International law in general — Subjects of international law — Self-executing treaty provisions — Relation between municipal law and treaty law — The law of the European Communities.

International law in general — Relation to municipal law — Claim by French national for compensation from French State in respect of property looted following Agadir earthquake — Duty of protection of French nationals and their property abroad by diplomatic and consular services — Whether involving French Government's conduct of international relations — Whether justiciable by French administrative tribunals — Whether Morocco alone responsible for maintaining order — The law of France.

Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial — Fisheries — Franco-Brazilian “lobster war” — Claim by French nationals for losses resulting from unsuccessful fishing season — Whether French State liable to pay compensation — The Law of France.

International law in general — Relation to municipal law — Claim by French nationals for compensation from French State — Losses during 1963 fishing season as result of Franco-Brazilian “lobster war” — Whether French State liable as authorizing fishing off Brazil — Whether position taken by French Government in negotiations and protection accorded fishing vessels justiciable by administrative tribunals — Whether losses due to action by French Government or to unilateral action by Brazil — The law of France.

International law in general — Relation to municipal law — Concordat between Poland and Holy See — Termination of — Effect in municipal law — The law of Poland.

International law in general — Comity — International ordre public — Trade in armaments — International conventions concerning — General Act of Brussels Conference, 1890 — Arrangement between France, Great Britain and Italy of 1906 — Convention on Supervision of International Trade in Arms and Ammunition and in Implements of War, 1925 — Whether trade in armaments contrary to international ordre public — Whether contrary to French ordre public — The law of France.

International law in general — Relation to municipal law — Priority of application of international law — Relations involving enterprises engaged in international business.

The individual in international law — Position of — Enterprises engaged in international business.

International law in general — Miscellaneous — Application of international law between enterprises of different nationality engaged in international business — Treaty and customary rules — Priority over municipal law of forum.

Jurisdiction — Territorallimits of — Foreign confiscatory legislation — Effects on assets situate abroad — Effect on trade-marks registered in International Register and in register of State of forum — The law of Belgium.

The individual in international law — Nationality — Imposition of — Establishment of Protectorate of Bohemia Moravia in 1938 — Non-recognition of German nationality imposed thereby — Expropriation of Czech firm not justifiable as “seizure of enemy property” — The law of Belgium.

States as international persons — Recognition of acts of foreign States — Legislative acts — Nationalization decrees — Effect on property in State of forum — Position of trade-marks and firm name registered in State of forum — Expropriation and nationalization in Czechoslovakia of Czech firm with foreign assets, including registered name and trade-marks — Subsequent formation of French company by expropriated owners — Claim by French company and by Czech National Enterprise of sole right to use firm name and trade-marks in Belgium — Action for infringement of trade-mark and “unfair competition” — Status of Czech firm — The law of Austria and of Czechoslovakia — Status of French company — The law of France and of Belgium — Whether Czech nationalization decrees effective in Belgium — Confiscation without compensation — Ethnic discrimination — Public policy — Effect of registration of trade-marks and firm name in Belgium and Berne — Paris Convention, 1925, and Madrid Arrangement, 1891 — Effect of registration of transfer of trade-marks and firm name by Czech National Enterprise — Priority — Effect of temporary non-use of registered trade-marks — The law of Belgium.

Treaties — Conclusion and operation of — Operation and enforcement of — Necessity for municipal legislation — Treaty of Commerce providing for method of payment for goods imported and exported by individuals — Payment to be made through clearing arrangement — Whether foreign State can bring action in courts of co-contracting State for enforcement of clearing agreement — Provisions of treaty not incorporated in lex fori — Whether impliedin contracts between private parties for sale of goods — The law of Sweden.

States as international persons — In general — Recognition of acts of foreign States and Governments — Public law — Exchange control legislation — Treaty of Commerce providing for method of payment for goods — Payment to be made through clearing arrangement — Whether foreign State can bring action for enforcement of clearing agreement — Whether impliedly incorporated in private contract — Whether substantially a claim to enforce foreign exchange control legislation — Whether of a public law character — The law of Sweden.

States as international persons — Recognition of acts of foreign States and Governments — Exchange control legislation — Articles of Agreement of International Monetary Fund (Article II) — Interpretation by Fund — Whether court may refuse recognition to foreign judicial decision as contrary to ordre public international or conflict of laws rules — Article VIII (2) — Whether sale in Netherlands of shares in French company for French currency is an “exchange contract” — The law of France.

States as international persons — In general — Recognition of acts of foreign States and Governments — Taking of property — Expropriation of immovable property in Budapest by Hungarian Government for French Legation — Property formerly occupied by French Legation under lease giving jurisdiction in respect of disputes to French courts — Action in France by former owners and lessors against French State for payment of rent due from date of expropriation — Whether French courts competent to adjudicate — The law of France.

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Exemptions from and restrictions upon — Foreign States — Acts of — Demands for payment of taxes issued by tax authorities of foreign State — Enforceability under treaty — Whether courts may examine merits of claims — Franco-Belgian Treaty providing for reciprocal assistance in recovery of taxation — Whether conferring on French courts jurisdiction to examine merits of Belgian claims for payment of taxes — The law of France.

States as international persons — Recognition of acts of foreign States and Governments — Enforcement of foreign revenue legislation and acts of foreign revenue administration — Franco-Belgian Treaty providing for reciprocal assistance in recovery of taxation — Whether conferring jurisdiction on French courts to examine merits of Belgian claims for payment of taxes — The law of France.

Jurisdiction — Territoral — Over territory in general and persons and property situated therein — Territorial limits of jurisdiction — Expropriation of alien property — Dutch war-time legislation providing for validation and possible forfeiture of share certificates issued during German occupation — Issue of new share certificates to Dutch State in place of those forfeited — Action by French national in France for delivery of new share certificate by company — Dutch war-time legislation pleaded — Whether contrary to French ordre public — Whether tantamount to expropriation without compensation — Whether affecting share certificates situated outside Dutch territory — Situs of rights of shareholders — Law governing relation between shareholder and company — Whether law of place of corporate seat — Whether law of place where share certificates situated — The Law of France.

State responsibility — Nature and kinds of — For taking of, or interference with, property — Dutch war-time legislation providing for validation and possible forfeiture of share certificates issued during German occupation — Issue of new share certificates to Dutch State in place of those forfeited — Action by French national in France for delivery of new share certificates by company — Dutch war-time legislation pleaded — Whether tantamount to nationalization without compensation — Whether contrary to French ordre public — The law of France.

States as international persons — Recognition of acts of foreign States and Governments — Ordre public — Dutch war-time legislation providing for validation and possible forfeiture of share certificates issued during German occupation — Issue of new share certificates to Dutch State in place of those forfeited — Action by French national in France for delivery of new share certificates by company — Dutch war-time legislation pleaded — Whether contrary to French ordre public — The law of France.

State responsibility — Nature and kinds of — For taking of, or interference with, property — Requisitioning of French property in Algeria — Whether equivalent to nationalization — Whether involving transfer of debts appertaining to the property — Whether compatible with Evian Agreements — The law of France.

States as international persons — Recognition of acts of foreign States and Governments — Ordre public — Requisitioning of French property in Algeria — Debt owed by French national to French bank in respect of loan invested in agricultural property in Algeria — Subsequent requisitioning by Algerian State — Whether equivalent to nationalization — Whether involving transfer of debts appertaining to property — Whether compatible with Evian Agreements — The law of France.

State responsibility — Nature and kinds of — For taking of, or interference with, property — Property belonging to French national nationalized in Tunisia — Franco-Tunisian Convention of 1963 — Requirement of adequate and effective compensation in accordance with international law — Nationalization in contravention of Convention — Whether in accordance with French ordre public — Debt due to Tunisian company in accordance with judgment of Tunisian courts — Execution not levied on property of debtor in Tunisia owing to nationalization and opposition of Tunisian authorities — Whether exequatur should be given to permit recovery of debt in France — The law of France.

States as international persons — Recognition of acts of foreign States and Governments — Ordre public — Property belonging to French national nationalized in Tunisia — Franco-Tunisian Convention of 1963 — Requirement of adequate and effective compensation in accordance with international law — Nationalization in contravention of Convention — Debt due to Tunisian company in accordance with judgment of Tunisian courts — Execution not levied on property of debtor in Tunisia due to nationalization and opposition of Tunisian authorities — Whether exequatur should be given in order to permit recovery of debt in France — The law of France.

State responsibility — Nature and kinds of — For taking of, or interference with, property — Dutch war-time legislation providing for validation and possible forfeiture of share certificates issued during German occupation — Issue of new share certificates to Dutch State in place of those forfeited — Action by French national in France for delivery of new share certificates by company — Dutch war-time legislation pleaded — Whether tantamount to nationalization without compensation — Whether contrary to French ordre public — The law of France.

States as international persons — Recognition of acts of foreign States and Governments — Ordre public — Dutch war-time legislation providing for validation and possible forfeiture of share certificates issued during German occupation — Issue of new share certificates to Dutch State in place of those forfeited — Action by French national in France for delivery of new share certificates by company — Dutch war-time legislation pleaded — Whether contrary to French ordre public — Whether effective as regards share certificates situated in France — The law of France.

States as international persons — Recognition of acts of foreign States and Governments — Non-recognition — Effect of — Whether legislation of private law character of unrecognized Government should be applied by courts — Whether Soviet nationalization legislation should be applied — The law of France.

State succession — Succession to obligations — Dismembered State — Distinction between local and “sovereignty” debts — Public Debt bonds of Belgian Congo — Whether repayable by Belgium or by Republic of the Congo — Principles of international law as applied in Belgium.