Amongst the hosts of Antelopes, Rhinoceroses, Hipparions, etc., which form the bulk of the Pikermi fauna described in Gaudry's classical “Animaux Fossiles et Géologie de l'Attique,” the mandible of Leptodon græcus, with lower molars recalling the Palæotheres and Paloplotheres, seemed to stand out, as it were, as an anachronism. It has always appeared to me, as it may also have to others, that the occurrence of such a type in the above company (with which Orycteropus and the Ostrich are also associated, in the contemporary beds of Samos) might be accounted for in a satisfactory manner, if Leptodon could be shown to be related to the Hyraces.

The interesting paper by Mr. Harker in the GeologicalMagazine of May, 1899, on “Glaciated Valleys in Skye,” recalls to my mind many similar observations I made in the Faroes in the Summer of 1894. Not only are the valleys excavated out of homogeneous rocks, but the Faroes, like the Cuillins, had a glaciation of their own. It may be advisable, then, to call attention to some points which resemble those referred to by Mr. Harker, as well as others which are not seen in Skye.

When studying the Dartmoor Rocks some years ago I was anxious to ascertain whether any fragments referable to Dartmoor could be detected in the Culm conglomerates and Culm sandstones of South Devon. Sections cut from these rocks, collected for me by my friend Mr. W. A. E. Ussher, F.G.S., proved in every way so dissimilar from Dartmoor rocks and minerals that further investigation in that direction appeared useless. About the same time I collected a variety of fragments from the New Red breccia at Labrador, near Teignmouth, while Mr. Ussher supplied me from other localities. These, again, even when schorlaceous, differed so much from any rocks known to me that I postponed further inquiry in that direction also sine die.

Mr. Jukes-Browne's contribution to this subject, in the September number of the GEOLOGICAL MAGAZINE, brought out a clear reply from Professor Hull in the next issue. Here the argument practically ceased, for in his letter in November Mr. Jukes-Browne turned his correspondence into an academic disputation of the meaning of the word ‘escarpment,’ for which other expressions could have been used, and the flat denial of the evidence submitted by Professor Hull.

A representative collection of fossils from the Middle Cambrian beds of Mount Stephen, Field, British Columbia, has recently been brought back by Mr. S. H. Reynolds, M.A., F.G.S., and presented to the Woodwardian Museum. The fauna has been described by Rominger and Walcott; and the latter has compared it to that from the Highland range, near Pioche, Nevada, and from near Antelope Spring, Western Utah. The section at Field has been described by Mr. E. G. McConnell.

Balbriggan is a village in County Dublin, some nineteen miles north of Dublin, and along the coast in its neighbourhood Ordovician and Silurian rocks are exposed for a distance of about five miles. These are described in the Irish Survey Memoirs, but from a recent investigation of the locality it seems desirable to give a fresh account of its geology.

On May 14th, 1898, a party of the Geologists' Association visited Ayot under the direction of Messrs. John Hopkinson, F.G.S., and A. E. Salter, B.Sc, F.G.S. An account of the excursion will be found in the Proceedings of the Association, vol. xv, p. 308, and I think the following additional note of one of the sections visited will be of interest.

Modern stratigraphical geologists, both those who study the Palæozoic and those who are occupied with the Neozoic rocks, are largely concerned with the establishment of zones;inother words, the zonal method of subdivision has been recognized as the best means of correlating the stratigraphical succession in one area with that of another. But when it comes to giving an exact definition of a zone there does not appear to be the same unanimity of opinion, and consequently it seems desirable that some wellconsidered definition of a zone should be put forward and discussed.

Cases of relatively recent change in the courses of rivers, due to the invasion of their valleys by neighbouring and more rapidly working streams and the consequent diversion of their waters, have been investigated of late years by an increasing number of geologists in different countries. Such phenomena are, of course, most frequent in mountain districts, and the Swiss Alps have yielded many examples of greater or less certainty. Some cases are evident and undeniable; others are difficult to decide upon, and need careful consideration of all available evidence; while in yet other instances it is possible that statements as to the occurrence of such changes have been accepted on inadequate authority. The generally received opinion as to the present and past relationship of the Landwasser and the Landquart can certainly not be included in the last category, but neither can it, I think, be rightly placed in the first.

In his work entitled “Die Versteinerungen Würtembergs” C. H. v. Zieten figured and briefly described a species under the name Ammonites calcar. The description is as follows:“Rücken gewölbt, Rückenlinie spornradförmig gezackt; er hat in dem Baa seiner Rippen und dem erhöhten Saum seiner Windungen grosse Aehnlichkeit mit dem vorhergehenden [i.e. Ammonites bipartitus, Zieten], unterscheidet sich jedoch von ihm sogleich durch seine einfach gezackte Rückenlinie. Aus dem untern Oolith bei Guttenberg.”

In the Geological Department of the British Museum (Natural History) are preserved a certain number of slabs from Oeningen, exhibiting skeletons of Rodents. Partly owing to unskilful developing, partly to the absence of the counterpart-slab, several of them are in such a crushed and otherwise imperfect condition, that in some cases not even the genus could be made out with certainty; which is equivalent to saying that their interest is little beyond that of mere curiosities. On closer examination it appeared to me that in some instances the case was not quite so hopeless, and that by carefully developing the more important parts still concealed by the matrix, a more satisfactory state of things might be obtained. The following pages are an account of the result arrived at.

The subjoined list of characteristic genera of Mammalia has been compiled, at the request of my friend Dr. Henry Woodward, for the purpose of being used as a descriptive Table to be fixed on the wall of the Mammalian Gallery in the Geological Department of the British Museum (Natural History), and has been arranged in the form which was thought to be most suitable for the purpose.

There is every reason to believe that in the near future the supplies of coal lying beneath the Red Rocks of the Midland counties will have to be relied upon to meet the increasing demand. Workable seams of coal have been met with at reasonable depths beneath the Red Rocks surrounding the South Staffordshire Coalfield, but there remain large areas lying between the known coalfields of Shropshire, North Staffordshire, and Nottinghamshire, which have not at present been explored. Within this region, as shown on the published maps of the Geological Survey, there are considerable areas of so-called Permian rocks, which recent investigations have proved to be conformable to the Upper Coal-measures and to contain a Coal-measure flora. Thus Mr. T. C. Cantrill has shown that in the Forest of Wyre the so-called Permian rocks contain thin coal-seams and bands of Spirorbis limestone.

The following notes have been drawn up from a small series of shells belonging to the late Tertiary and Post-Tertiary formations of Egypt, which form part of a collection of fossils sent home for determination by Captain Lyons, R.E., Director-General of the Geological Survey of Egypt.