In this study we have studied the impacts of natural disaster yash on the development of PTSD in a rural hamlet of West Bengal.

Correlation of natural calamity and trauma ie post traumatic stress disorder in exposed population.

Setting of the study was a relief camp operated for victims of climate change and natural disasters ie cyclone yash 2021.Tool for data collection - PCL 5 questionnaires, socio demographic pro forma, data was analyzed by using statistical SPSS.

Analysis shows that there is statistical correlation between post traumatic stress disorder and subjects exposed to climate change events such as cyclone Yash.

PCL-5 cut-off score between 31-33 is indicative.

Our study clearly demonstrates the impact of climate change and natural disasters on the development of post traumatic stress disorder in the study group.

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Considering the increased occurrence of climate changes in the world and their consequences on human health and quality of life, there is an increase in psychiatric disorders, including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and stress related disorders caused by climate changes.

To explore the connections between psychiatric disorders and certain types of climate change.

Data from research related to climate change and its impact on mental health are presented.

Research indicates an increase in psychological disorders related to climate change from several diagnostic categories, consequently to the acute and long-term effects of climate changes, depending on the type of climate event, individual sensitivity, socioeconomic conditions, community support and assistance, and response to therapeutic interventions.

In addition to raising awareness of the impact of climate change on psychological health, it is important to develop strategies for providing psychological and psychiatric assistance, both immediately after a climate event and during long-term exposure to adverse climate conditions, especially for vulnerable groups.

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The use of Structured Diagnostic Assessments (SDAs) is a solution for unreliability in psychiatry and the gold standard for diagnosis. However, except for studies between the 50s and 70s, reliability without the use of Non-SDAs (NSDA) is seldom tested, especially in non-Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) countries.

We aim to measure reliability between examiners with NSDAs for psychiatric disorders.

We compared diagnostic agreement after clinician change, in an outpatient academic setting. We used inter-rater Kappa measuring 8 diagnostic groups: Depression (DD: F32, F33), Anxiety Related Disorders (ARD: F40–F49, F50–F59), Personality Disorders (PD: F60–F69), Bipolar Disorder (BD: F30, F31, F34.0, F38.1), Organic Mental Disorders (Org: F00–F09), Neurodevelopment Disorders (ND: F70–F99) and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SE: F20–F29) (Check table 1 about diagnosis hyerarchy and observed frequency in sample). Cohen’s Kappa measured agreement between groups, and Baphkar’s test assessed if any diagnostic group have a higher tendency to change after a new diagnostic assessment. This research was approved by IPUB’s ethical committee, registered under the CAAE33603220.1.0000.5263, and the UTN-U1111-1260-1212.

We analyzed 739 reevaluation pairs, from 99 subjects who attended IPUB’s outpatient clinic. Overall inter-rater Kappa was moderate, and none of the groups had a different tendency to change (Check table 2 for diagnostic change distribution). Our tests achieved the followinf results: Cohen Kappa 0.70, IC: 0.66– 0.74; Weighted Kappa 0.72, IC:0.72 – 0.72; Bhapkar Test X² = 5.98, Df = 7, P-value = .55; Achieved Power (w=0.1): 0.93Table 2

Agreement between examiners for eight diagnostic groups

NSDA evaluation was moderately reliable, but the lack of some prevalent hypothesis inside the pairs raised concerns about NSDA sensitivity to some diagnoses. Diagnostic momentum bias (that is, a tendency to keep the last diagnosis observed) may have inflated the observed agreement.

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Personality Disorders (PD) - specifically Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), and certain Eating Disorders (ED) share common clinical features. One of these features is impulsivity, studied individually in each diagnostic group, and scarcely used to encompass specific profiles of these patients.

Understanding the common clinical variables of this patient population would facilitate therapeutic efforts and enable greater precision regarding the prognosis of these patients.

This study aims to study impulsivity in a group collectively formed by BPD and ED, compared to a control group, in contrast to the individualized study approach typically conducted in the literature.

A cross-sectional descriptive study is conducted to assess impulsivity as a common diagnostic variable in a group of PD and ED in comparison with a healthy control group. The sample was collected between 2016 and 2019 at the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, totaling 108 subjects.

A statistically significant difference is observed (p<0.005 in all scales) in total impulsivity, cognitive impulsivity, motor impulsivity, and unplanned impulsivity in the cases group comprising patients diagnosed with PD and ED, compared to the control group from the general population.

Impulsivity is closely related to the concept of borderline personality disorder. This analysis also includes eating disorders, with the difference from the control group still statistically significant.

The presence of common clinical variables in these groups (PD and ED) may have clinical and therapeutic implications that differ from those pursued thus far. This allows moving away from the categorical model and understanding these disorders from a more enriching and advanced dimensional perspective.”

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Diagnostic stability is a controversial issue in first episode psychosis (FEP) due to heterogenous symptoms and unclear affective symptoms. Differencing affective and non-affective psychoses is important as treatment strategies are different. Initial affective symptomatology has low specificity for predicting the subsequent diagnosis of affective psychosis. Sex has proven to be relevant for clinical and functional outcomes but it remains unclear how sex may contribute to diagnosis switch of FEP.

To determine the role of sex in diagnostic stability in a sample of FEP after 1-year follow-up.

Diagnoses of FEP patients from Hospital del Mar of Barcelona were assessed at baseline and 1 year after. Univariate analyses was perfomed for all diagnoses and dichotomic variable (affective/non-affective). Logistic regression model was perfomed to know which variables predict diagnosis switch.

256 patients were enrolled. No differences were found at baseline between completers and non-completers (Table 1). No significant differences between men and women at baseline diagnosis were found, neither all diagnoses (p=0.274) nor the dichotomic variable affective/non-affective (p=0.829) (Table 2AB). Significant differences were found at 1-year follow-up between men and women, for all diagnoses (p=0.043) and the dichotomic variable (p=0.039). Sex was the only variable that predicted diagnosis switch (Figure 1), PANSS, CDSS, YMRS, GAF and cannabis did not.Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of participants

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Sex has proven to be the main predictor of switching initial diagnosis of FEP.

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Paraphrenia, classically known as a chronic delusional-hallucinatory psychosis, currently has an uncertain nosological status, not being included in DSM-5 either. It can be integrated into the group of schizophrenic and delusional psychoses, but with obvious distinctive attributes. Currently, in the context of the increase in the incidence of childhood autism, the psychopathological pictures from the spectrum of psychoses in adulthood are also diversifying. Paraphrenic clinical pictures retain their specificity regarding the subject’s functioning in life roles and the absence of cognitive impairment despite the absurdity of delusional ideas while maintaining a good insertion in reality.

We refer to patients who can be classically classified in the diagnosis of paraphrenia, with the aim of bringing back into question the validity and authenticity of this nosological entity.

The case descriptions aim to highlight the common clinical-evolutionary attributes and the distinctive ones between paraphrenia and other schizophrenic and delusional psychoses, emphasizing the differentiations corresponding to the involvement of personality and the ability to function in life roles.

It is confirmed that in the case of subjects who can be classified as paraphrenic, fundamental personality structures are preserved, a good adaptation in roles with insignificant cognitive deterioration phenomena, a well-preserved insight but with a high potential of unpredictability so characteristic of the world of psychoses.

We believe that paraphrenia remains a psychopathological and clinical entity within which, although opposites coexist, the reporting and adaptation to objective reality is preserved - thanks to “double accounting”. From this perspective, paraphrenia confirms its distinct nosological status.

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The Watersports Inclusion Games is a free annual weekend event, where young people with a range of physical and intellectual disabilities and their families/siblings participate in various inclusive watersports activities.

This study aims to assess the psychological benefits of watersports for young people with various physical and intellectual disabilities and investigate the extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their access to watersports.

Following a literature review, a survey containing both quantitative and qualitative aspects was constructed using SurveyMonkey and circulated to the parents/guardians of participants three times following the event. The survey was completed anonymously on an opt-in basis and 28 responses that met our criteria for analysis were collected. Qualitative data from free-text responses were grouped under themes and quantitative data was analysed using SPSS.

Despite 64% (n=18) of respondents indicating that their disability increased their vulnerability to COVID-19 in some capacity, the effect of the pandemic on accessibility was not statistically significant. This could be due to the small response number, or the everyday limitations participants faced prior to the pandemic. 92% (n=25) of participants indicated that there was great inclusion in the watersports activities and that they were “very beneficial” regarding the possibility of the whole family’s participation [p=0.005]. The survey also found a statistically significant association between the event’s activities being considered both “accessible” and “very beneficial” in terms of boosting self-confidence, with 57.1% of responses indicating agreement to this. (p=0.016)

Full-family participation and accessibility of activities were key facilitators to the enjoyment and benefit of participants. Programmes should be established that allow able-bodied siblings and young people with disabilities to participate in the same activities.

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Understanding adolescents perceptions of their weight status and the factors influencing these perceptions is pivotal for developing targeted interventions and policies to counteract the rising obesity trends.

This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the accuracy of weight status perceptions among Tunisian adolescents compared to objective metrics and to identify sociodemographic characteristics and life habits associated with the underestimation of weight status.

A cross-sectional, school-based study was conducted among a randomized sample of adolescents attending secondary schools in Sousse, Tunisia. A total of 1399 students participated, with anthropometric measurements taken, and a pre-tested Arabic questionnaire administered to gather sociodemographic data and perceived weight status, assessed using the Figure Rating Scale (FRS). The accuracy of perceived weight status was determined by comparing the measured weight status with participants; self-reported perceptions. We evaluated the association between body weight distortion and life habits which included regular physical activity, screen time (time spent on internet per day), number of fruits and vegetables consumed per day, and fast-food consumption.

The study achieved an 86.68% response rate, with over half of the participants being female (60.5%), and the average age being 17 years. The majority of adolescents (41%) perceived themselves as having normal body weight, while 34.5% perceived themselves as underweight, 16.6% as overweight, and 7.9% as obese. However, based on BMI categories, 72.6% had a normal measured weight, 20.4% were overweight, and 6.9% were obese. A substantial proportion of participants (45.6%) underestimated their weight status, with a significant proportion being objectively overweight or obese (26%). Furthermore, we found a significant association between the perception of weight accuracy with four correlates: gender, mother educational level, regular physical activity, and the number of fruits and vegetables consumed per day.

The findings revealed a disparity between perceived and actual weight status among Tunisian adolescents, with a significant underestimation of weight status, particularly among those who are overweight or obese. The results highlighted the crucial need for interventions that address weight perception inaccuracies and promote healthy weight awareness and management among adolescents in Tunisia. The study underscored the importance of further research to understand the development and progression of body weight underestimation throughout adolescence and the roles of lifestyle behaviors in shaping weight perceptions.

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Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a mental disorder characterized by unstable relationships, a tendency to self–destruction, affective and behavioral dysregulation and BPD are a clinical problem

Early detection and timely intervention for BPD is becoming a new public health priority as it helps prevent the adverse personal, social and economic consequences of the disorder. Borderline personality disorder first manifests itself, as a rule, in adolescence, so it is easy to mistake it for manifestations of “difficult age” characteristic of the period of growing up. In this sense, the typical signs of borderline personality disorder are not original: low self-esteem, emotional excitability, impulsive behavior and sudden mood swings, to one degree or another characteristic of all adolescents. An alarming exception is, perhaps, only a tendency to self-harm and, the so-called, desocialization of a teenager, the loss of social skills and connections (for example, friendships). Recently, experts have increasingly mentioned desocialization in connection with the development of Internet technologies and gadgets that replace communication in real life for many teenagers

An anonymous survey of 57 older teenagers conducted. The degree of borderline personality disorder assessed using IPDE, STAI, and CDI. Statistical processing of the results carried out in Microsoft Excel using measures of the central trend (arithmetic mean, standard deviation) and correlation analysis. The significance of the differences between the groups was determined using the Student’s t-test (p < 0.05)

On average, the level of BPD among the respondents was at a low level of 9.81 (±4.43) points. The severity of personal anxiety was at a high level of 45.02 (±13.25) points, situational anxiety was also at a high level of 41.14 (±14.93). The severity of depression was above average and amounted to 55.84 (±14.33) points

Teenage girls are more prone to anxiety and depression than boys are. High anxiety causes a tendency to depression, and these two factors affect the occurrence of PRL. The average score does not affect the manifestations of anxiety, depression and the occurrence of BPD

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Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are heterogeneous pathological conditions characterized by difficulties in establishing social contacts and the manifestation of repetitive behavior. An atypical trajectory of brain maturation, impaired neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and an imbalance in the excitatory and inhibitory systems of the CNS form the morphofunctional basis of the ASD

scientific publications

scientific analysis

These pathological changes appear at different stages of brain maturation They are the result of multifactorial environmental influences. To understand the functioning of this complexly organized system in time and space, a three-dimensional model is needed. The closest in vitro model of the human brain from early embryonic stages to aging is brain organoids. Human brain organoids are self-organizing three-dimensional cell aggregates derived from pluripotent stem cells. Organoids summarize neurogenesis, gliogenesis, synaptogenesis, cell migration and cell differentiation, gyrification of the cerebral cortex, reflect the connections of brain regions. The use of a 3D brain model makes it possible to simulate diseases, reactions to drugs in cells obtained from patients. The use of telencephalon organoids in the ASD model revealed that neuronal migration deficiency, acceleration and disruption of cell cycle synchronization, aberrant cell proliferation, abundant synaptogenesis, temporary deviations in the development of the cortex, increased branching of neurons, unbalanced inhibitory differentiation of neurons, high activity of ion channels are the result of impaired activity FOXG1. FOXG1 is responsible for the overproduction of GABAergic neurons. The shift towards GABAergic neurons induced by FOXG1 is positively correlated with the severity of ASD symptoms and is seen as a precursor to the future of ASD

Thus, ASD as a socially significant disease with a heterogeneous type of inheritance, multi-link pathogenesis, realized in different periods of ontogenesis and involving different brain loci, requires special attention of researchers for the personification of diagnosis and therapy. The hiPSCs can provide insight into the cellular mechanisms underlying ASD as a neuropsychiatric disorder, providing access to the development of platforms for in vitro drug screening and patient-tailored therapy.

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The role of the pineal gland in psychiatric disorders is poorly investigated. There are studies, primarily on adult patients, that indicate a higher presence of pineal gland abnormalities in patients suffering from depression, schizophrenia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). When it comes to ADHD, there is speculation about the role of melatonin and the influence of the pineal gland on the dopaminergic system. Data on the association between pineal gland cysts and ADHD in juvenile patients are particularly scarce.

Due to all of the above, our goal is to present the case of a nine-year-old male patient who has a confirmed cyst of the pineal gland and is being treated for ADHD.

The patient was examined by a neuropediatrician, EEG and brain MRI were performed. He was also examined by a psychologist and by a psychiatrist. Endocrinological, hematological, rheumatological, pulmonological treatment and karyotyping were performed.

MRI of the brain revealed a cyst of the pineal gland with an anteroposterior diameter of 1 cm without significant compression. The EEG was mildly slowed and paroxysmally dysrhythmic for the age, ie. paroxysms of high-voltage delta waves were described. The EEG findings after sleep deprivation were paroxysmally altered with rare focal changes in the right temporoparietal region. Through psychological analysis, it was determined that specific deficits persist in the area of verbal understanding, perceptual organization and visual processing, information processing speed, numerical reasoning, attention and short-term memory. On the level of visuomotor perception and coordination, deviations are observed by organic type. He is motorically more active, impulsive, emotionally immature, easily distractible.

The etiology of ADHD is poorly researched, and so is the role of the pineal gland, its cyst and melatonin. There is scant knowledge for other psychiatric disorders, but primarily from researches on adult psychiatric patients. Additional researches are definitely needed on this topic, especially in the field of child and adolescent psychiatry.

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Female Autism Spectrum Conditions (FASC) often go without a proper diagnosis, receive misdiagnoses, or are diagnosed late in life compared to males.These circumstances can lead to negative consequences in their overall health, emotional well-being, educational attainment, job opportunities, and independence. There is a growing body of literature highlighting distinctions between females and males in the context of autism. Regrettably, these insights are not effectively making their way into practical applications. While shifting entrenched perspectives among practitioners is a gradual process, there is an immediate and pressing need for change in this regard. Numerous misconceptions persist regarding the presentation of FASC, hindering the recognition of its diverse effects based on an individual’s cis-gender identity or other factors.

The purpose of this study is to identify key challenges associated with the identification of ASC symptomatology in girls, with the goal of informing future research and clinical practice.

Using constant comparative analysis applicable to grounded theory lite with an inductive approach, this study employs an interpretative research methodology with a focus on generating theory from qualitative data, albeit with certain shortcuts or less resource-intensive steps. Data were collected through interviews providing insights into their experiences, behaviors, and developmental history, observations enabling to capture real-time behavioral and communicative patterns., and notes during first and initial developmental assessment, as well as using ADOS-II with some participants (according to referrals and parents’ decision), in the period of 3 years (2020-2023) from 25 girls age 18 months to 15 years and their mothers, and occasionally both parents.

Preliminary findings indicate a complex interplay of behavioral, communicative, and social challenges in these girls, shedding light on potentially distinctive patterns of symptom expression in comparison to boys. Furthermore, barriers hindering parental involvement in the diagnostic process have also been identified. This study holds significant importance as it may inform future research efforts aimed at addressing these challenges that currently impede clinicians in the early identification of FASC, which manifests quite differently in girls compared to boys.

Taking into account certain study limitations, the significance of this research lies in its capacity to influence future research initiatives. By illuminating the obstacles that hinder clinicians in the early detection of FASC, which manifest distinctively in girls compared to boys, it emphasizes the pressing need to address these challenges. This, in turn, enhances early detection and support systems for FASC, ultimately contributing to their well-being and quality of life.

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The axial symptom of existential depression in youth is overvalued ideas about the meaninglessness of human life, its inconsistency with a certain “spiritual self-ideal”; ideas of humiliation, insolvency, low value, imperfection of society are noted, which accompanies varying degrees of severity of suicidal thoughts. The high suicidal risk, insufficient knowledge of such conditions makes it important to study.

Determination of the clinical and psychopathological consequences of existential depression in youth.

53 male 16-25 years old with F31.3, F31.4, F32, F33 (ICD-10) with the existential depression were examined with clinical-psychopathological method, psychometric assessment of depression was carried out using the HDRS scale, assessment of suicidal intentions - using the C-SSRS scale. Also were analyzed: premorbid personality structure, hereditary burden in first-degree relatives, the role of exogenous provocations. Statistical data processing was carried out using the STATISTICA software package 10.0 for WINDOWS (StatSoft, USA, was used Pearson χ² test, Student t-test. The critical level of statistical significance is p ≤ 0.05.

A significant role in the manifestation of existential depression was played by exogenous provocations (χ²=9.47, p=0.05), especially psychotrauma: the most common were the death of a close relative or friend, unrequited love, and failure to enter the desired university.According to the premorbid personality structure schizoid (56.7%) and psychasthenic personalities (30.2%) prevailed. When assessing hereditary burden (χ²=9.59 p=0.047), pathocharacterological features were noted in first-degree relatives in 32.1% cases, affective disoders in 26, 4%.In terms of social and labor status (χ²=9.47, p=0.05), university students naturally predominated (56.6%). The average age of onset of depression was 17.8 ± 1.2 years, duration 3.7 ± 1.5 months. Non-suicidal self-harm was observed in 32.1%, especially in the initial stages of depression. Among suicidal tendencies (χ²=9.58, p=0.048), anti-vital thoughts (50.9%) and passive suicidal thoughts (34%) dominated; 5.7% of patients attempted suicide. On the HDRS scale, patients scored an average of 18.2±1.7 points, which reflected the severity of depression; the total score on the C-SSRS scale was 2.12±0.34.

In the formation of existential depression, a significant role of exogenous provocations, especially psychotrauma, was discovered; a high suicidal risk was confirmed. Existential depressive states differed in duration; patients of the identified typological varieties scored high on the HDRS and C-SSRS scales. In the future, it is planned to study the follow-up group for the purpose of a detailed analysis of the dynamics of such conditions and their nosological affiliation.

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In the assessment of suicidal behavior, recent studies describe the great influence of an environmental component with adverse life events and stressors that can influence ideation and self-harm.

-1. We propose to analyze the reasons for consultation of adolescents between 12 and 16 years old who consult for suicidal ideation/behavior. 2. Estimate the frequency of different socio-family life events.

-A retrospective review of emergency consultations in the last 4 months is performed. Sociodemographic data, vital events, reason for consultation and evolution in the following 40 days after the first consultation are collected.

-Data are collected from 16 adolescents who consult due to suicidal ideation/gesture in a period of 4 months, of which 42% (7) are women and 57% (9) are men. The reasons recorded as stressful life events were: 32% unstructured family environment, 13% death of a close relative, 37% poor parental supervision, 26% end of a romantic relationship, 15% legal problems, 2% sexual or physical abuse, 68 % academic problems, 13% bullying. It was observed that in 63% of the cases they had more than one adverse experience.

-Different adverse life events frequently precede suicidal ideation and behavior that can be minimized or go unnoticed and undervalued. A meticulous clinical history can clarify some of the reasons that influence the hopelessness and clinical anguish that suicidal patients present. Its early detection provides the opportunity for an early and specialized approach

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Reviewing the histories of patients with childhood and adolescent schizophrenia, on numerous occasions, traumatic factors with great emotional and social impact are observed, such as situations of mistreatment, abuse and emotional deprivation, where help is requested but resources are scarce and the approach is limited without work in network.

1. Analysis of the consultation pathways in adolescents with severe psychiatric and socio-familial symptoms and the time delay in optimal guidance. 2. Evaluate the services involved. 3. Evaluate the clinical control of treatment with aripiprazole.

Retrospective observational analysis, 5 months, of prodromal symptoms of childhood psychosis and help-seeking pathways in a 13-year-old adolescent, as well as a description of the pharmacological approach and professional teams involved.

A 13-year-old adolescent who went to the emergency room with her mother for ingesting anti-cockroaches with self-inflicted intent. Reviewing his medical history, 4 serious autolytic gestures were detected in the last 2 months. Referred to Mental Health who did not attend.

On clinical examination, florid psychotic, with perplexity, self-reference, ideation of harm, language and behavioral disorganization. Auditory and kinesthetic hallucinations. A situation of neglect of the minor and abuse by the parents is detected; the risk had not been previously reported. Oral aripiprazole (up to 15 mg/day) was prescribed with good tolerance and progressive improvement in symptoms.

We worked jointly with Social Services, the Juvenile Prosecutor’s Office, Education and the hospital Psychiatry unit. In some of the resources the situation was already evident, the scope of their action was limited and delaying attention for months.

Based on cases like this, we ask ourselves if psychiatrists are sensitized to the comorbidity of serious mental pathology and the existence of risk situations in minors and if they are oriented toward multiprofessional management. Networking provides us with an early diagnosis, improving the therapeutic approach.

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The gut-brain axis establishes the relationships between bacteria, neurotransmitters and psychophysiological responses associated with a neuronal and behavioral correlate in autism and different mental disorders.

In recent years, there has been an increase in studies on the implications of the gut microbiota (MI) in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD).

1. To study if there is a dysbiosis or alteration of the MI can trigger the appearance of ASD symptoms.

It is considered that there is a frequent comorbidity with gastro-intestinal symptoms (GS), pain and sensory reactivity in ASD, and that these are indicators of a possible alteration in the gut-brain axis.

In this sense, children with ASD have hypersensitivity to certain visual, olfactory, tactile, etc. stimuli. which makes them be more picky about food and have certain repetitive patterns of behavior, as a consequence they present gastrointestinal symptoms such as constipation and abdominal pain. Sensory reactivity can influence both feeding and sleep patterns in autism.

Currently, there are measuring instruments for sensory reactivity, pain and gastro-intestinal symptoms. However, there are several limitations of these instruments and especially with sensory reactivity in autism because: (1) the items had not been developed in collaboration with interested parties (pediatricians, neuropsychologists, etc.) and (2) the lack of structural validity analysis. Thus, it appears that most validation studies do not meet the criteria of sufficient psychometric quality according to the COSMIN guidelines. Additionally, there is a lack of consensus around terminology (e.g., sensory overreactivity, hyperreactivity, SOR, etc.) and components relevant to sensory functioning.

In the present work, preliminary data are presented on new measures to take into account to evaluate sensory reactivity and pain in the population with autism. This is a first step to obtain an index of the gut-brain axis for the ASD population.

Keywords: ASD, gut-brain, sensory reactivity, pain

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Interest in the co-occurrence of gender dysphoria and autism spectrum disorder has gained prominence in recent years. Gender dysphoria refers to the distress experienced when there is an incongruence between gender identity and sex assigned at birth. On the other hand, autism spectrum disorder is characterized by difficulties in communication and social interaction, as well as restrictive and repetitive patterns of behavior.

The aim of this paper is to review the current available literature in order to expand our knowledge about gender identity and dysphoria in the population with autism spectrum disorder.

A qualitative review was conducted over the last 20 years, using the Medline database through PubMed. Combinations of MeSH terms related to gender identity and people with autism spectrum disorder were used, selecting those studies in English, French or Spanish that met the objectives of the review, excluding references in other languages. The scientific evidence obtained was analyzed and synthesized.

The development of gender identity of people with autism spectrum disorder can be a complex process. Comparing the general population with the population with autism spectrum disorder, a higher prevalence of gender dysphoria has been evidenced in the population with autism spectrum disorder, and within this group when segmented by gender, greater in women than in men.

This review highlights the importance of increasing knowledge about sexuality and gender dysphoria in people with autism spectrum disorder in order to facilitate the development, understanding and acceptance of their gender identity and sexual orientation of these people.

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Sleep disorders in youth are associated to psychiatric disorders and may lead to significant negative effects on cognitive skills, emotional regulation and behavior such as self harm.

The aim of our study is to highlight the melatonin effects on reducing self harm behaviors in the youth.

Our work is a literature review based on the PubMed interface and adapted for 2 databases: Science Direct and Google Scholar using the following combination ( self harm [MeSH terms]) AND ( melatonin [MeSH terms]) AND ( youth [MeSH terms]) .

We initially reviewed 6 articles published between 2012 and 2022. We retained 3 articles which corresponded to the aim of our study.

Self harm behaviors were mainly described in youth during adolescenthood. In fact, self injurious release may be considered as way to release emotional tension and physical discomfort.

Melatonin prescribed in youth for the treatment of sleep disorders not only improved sleep ,but also mood disorders and impulsivity. Melatonin restores indirectly serotonin levels through a continuous bidirectional connexion . Therefore it is efficient on psychiatric comorbidites, especially anxiety and depression which are associated with intentional self-harm.

Melatonin is the most prescribed drug for sleep disturbances in children and adolescents, its impact covers a large spectrum of disturbances including the self harm behaviors.

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To assess the difference in the personality functioning of adolescents with schizotypal disorder and affective disorders, we used the AIDA + LoPF questionnaires, which are well established as questionnaires for identifying identity disorders in adolescents. We hypothesized that adolescents with affective pathology are much more likely to have identity disorders than adolescents with schizotypal personality disorder. Clinical assessment of diseases was carried out by psychiatrists using ICD-10

Adolescents with affective disorders -10 (F31), schizotypal disorder adolescents – 11 (F21). Age 12-18

AIDA+LoPF questioners by authors K. Goth & K. Schmeck, Russian version by M. Zvereva & S. Voronova & N. Zvereva

The table presents statistical analysis data using the Mann-Whitney non-parametric testTable 1.

Significant scales of the AIDA questionnaire

We have obtained preliminary results that show a difference between the identity disturbance of adolescents with affective pathology and those with schizotypal disorder. Adolescents with affective pathology are much more likely to have various types of identity disorders than adolescents with schizotypal disorder. To clarify this, a larger sample and a wider range of disorders are required

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The “Bird’s Nest Drawing” technique is one of expressive drawing projective techniques. In Russia it has been used since the 2020s. We suggest the pilot version of using this projective technique in child clinical psychology. There were investigated the cognitive and emotional components of performance by children with different types of ontogenesis.

Purpose: pilot application of the technique of “Bird’s Nest Drawing” (BND) in the psychological diagnosis of children with different types of ontogenesis.

69 children and adolescents 6-17 years old (28 male), examined at the Mental Health Research Center. 1. hospital patients (11-16 years old, 18 persons) diagnoses F20.8, F21.4, 2) outpatient clients with psychological diagnostics (7-16 years old, 45 persons), most of them have psychiatric diagnoses and some of them came for a consultation independently of doctors (there were family and behavior problems). 3) children conceived with the help of assisted reproductive technologies (IVF) - participants in a program for studying cognitive and emotional-personal development (5-13 years old, 8 people). Control group of normal children (14 persons).

Bird’s Nest Drawing (D.Kaiser, 2003, Kuftyak, 2021) - clinical expert assessment of the drawing parameters (size, location, quality, compliance with instructions) and the emotional component (color, self-assessment of the drawing).

Table 1.

Frequency of different indicators of BND in compared groups of children.

We have obtained our own resalts about BND method in children with different type of ontogenesis. These data are similar to D.Kaiser and E.Kuftyak in opportunity of good diagnostic practice of BND method in children and adolescents with different type of ontogenesis in scientific

BND method is a good test for child clinical psychology as a projective one. Restrictions of this investigation - small groups, simple parameters for assessment. We plan to continue this work with more clinical (diagnosis, syndrome et cetera) and sex and age characteristics.

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