Bipolar disorders (BD) in youths are strongly associated with lifetime suicidal ideation. Childhood trauma is a prominent environmental stressor associated with both BD diagnosis and suicide. Primary emotional systems (PES), proposed by Jaak Pansepp, are altered in adults with BD and may contribute to suicide risk in youths.

The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution patterns of PES and childhood trauma in youths’ BD with and without suicidal ideation (BD-IS, BD-NIS).

We assessed 289 participants, 103 youths with DSM-5 BD and 186 healthy controls (HCs). PES were obtained with the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS) and history of childhood trauma using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Suicidal ideation was assessed through the Columbia Suicide Scale for the Rating of Suicide Severity (C-SSRS). The distribution patterns of primary emotional systems and childhood trauma subtypes were tested using a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), followed by a series of one-way ANOVAs and Scheffé post- hoc tests. The model was corrected for multiple comparisons. All the variables significantly different between the BD-IS and the BD-NIS group were subjected to a multivariate logistic regression model.

Over 48% of participants reported lifetime suicidal ideation. According to the MANOVA (Wilk’s Lambda=0.72, F=9.11, df=22, p<0.0001), BD-IS scored higher on the ANPS-ANGER and lower on ANPS-PLAY and ANPS-CARE than both HCs and BD-NIS, while BD-NIS reported higher and lower scores than HC. BD-IS and BD-NIS reported higher scores on ANPS-SEEK than HCs. BD-IS reported more emotional abuse, sexual abuse, physical abuse and emotional neglect than HCs, but only more emotional abuse than BD-NIS. ANPS-ANGER (OR=1.13, 95%CI=1.01-1.26, Wald=5.72) and CTQ-Emotional abuse (OR=1.26, 95% C.I.=1.04-1.52, Wald=5.72) were independent predictors of suicidal ideation in youths with BD (Nagelkerke R2=61%).

Findings support the importance of assessing primary emotional systems and childhood trauma, in particular emotional abuse, in youths with BD at risk for suicide.

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Alexithymia is defined as a disorder involving difficulties in identifying, describing feelings and an outward-oriented way of thinking with restricted imaginary processes. Our objectives were to study the link between parents’ alexithymia and that of adolescents treated for psychiatric disorders on the one hand, and to study the relationship between alexithymia in adolescents and the parental link perceived by them, on the other hand.

To study the relationship between the alexithymia of parents and that of adolescents followed for psychiatric disorders on the one hand, and to study the relationship between alexithymia in adolescents and the parental bond perceived by them on the other go.

A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was carried out at the pediatric psychiatry consultation at the Hédi Chaker University Hospital in Sfax during a period of one year from January 2019 to December 2019. We recruited 116 people: 53 adolescents, 44 mothers and 19 fathers. . We used an information sheet, the TAS-20 score (Toronto Alexithymia Scale) and the PBI (Parental Bonding Instrument)

Two-thirds of the patients were alexithymic. A climate of domestic violence increased the adolescent’s emotional difficulties. Half of the mothers and one-third of the fathers were alexithymic. The total alexithymia score (TAS-20) in adolescents was positively correlated with the total alexithymia score (TAS-20) in the parents (p=0.03 for the mother and p = 0.02 for the father Adolescent difficulty in identifying emotions (DIE) was associated with difficulty describing emotions (DDE) in both parents (p=0.01 for mother and p<10-3 for father). The teenager had difficulty describing his own emotions when his mother was having the same difficulty. Outward thinking in adolescents were associated with more alexithymic traits in the mother. Maternal care scores were significantly and negatively correlated with adolescent TAS-20, DIE, and DDE scores (p=0.01, p=0.01, and p=0.04). Maternal protection score was positively and significantly correlated with TAS-20, DIE, and DDE scores (p=0.01, p=0.01 and p=0.02). The father’s protection score was positively and significantly correlated with TAS-20, DIE and DDE scores (p<10-3, p=0.04 and p=0.01). The overprotective attitude of parents perceived by the adolescent has therefore been associated with more alexithymia in adolescents.

Particular attention must therefore be paid to the emotional difficulties of adolescents followed in child psychiatry, as well as those present with their parents. These difficulties can create interpersonal difficulties and affect the parental bond perceived by the child.

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Undergraduate students encounter developmental challenges during their transition into adulthood. Previous studies have claimed that adults with later chronotypes usually manifest negative psychological effects: poor sleep quality, greater stress, depression, and cognitive dysfunction. However, knowledge about the relationship between chronotype, stress, and sleep quality among young adults is lacking.

The present study investigated the relationship between undergraduates’ chronotypes and perceived stress on sleep quality.

An online survey with a descriptive, cross-sectional design was conducted with a convenience sample of undergraduate students at a university in southern Taiwan. Those who were 20-25 years old and enrolled as a student were included; but who had been suspended or had deferred graduation were excluded. Students’ chronotype, stress, and sleep quality were assessed with three self-reported instruments: Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

Of 161 undergraduates who completed the questionnaires, 51 reported using an alarm clock to wake and were removed from data analysis. One hundred and ten students’ mean age is 20.3 and perceived moderate stress. Sixty-one percent were poor-quality sleepers. The mean chronotype score was 5.7, and 85.5% had an intermediate chronotype, while 13.6% had an evening chronotype. Chronotype and perceived stress were positively correlated with sleep quality (p < .001). Social jetlag was positively correlated with chronotype (p =.036). Undergraduate’s later chronotype and higher stress perception predicted 30% of poorer sleep quality (p < .001).

Undergraduate students’ chronotype and perceived stress were positively correlated and acted as predictors of the sleep quality. The findings could help to develop health-promotion interventions for these emerging adults to adjust their daily routines; and reduce their social jetlag, stress levels, and sleep disturbance.

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Acute confusional state (ACS) or delirium is an acute neuropsychiatric syndrome due to an underlying organic pathological process. Despite its high prevalence, delirium can present a diagnostic challenge, particularly in paediatric patients. ACS can be defined as sudden impairment of mental status in a previously healthy child. The impairment varies; it may be global and severe or very specific and mild, such as impairment of short-term memory in “transient global amnesia.” The most common causes of ACS in the paediatric population are high fever, drugs, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and infection and inflammation of the nervous system. Traumatic brain injury is usually associated with some impairment of consciousness, although recovery can vary depending on the severity of the trauma.

The aim of this work is to revisit the diagnostic approach and management of ACS associated with traumatic brain injury in the paediatric population.

Case report of an acute confusional state, secondary to a TBI and a non-systematic review of the literature.

A 17-year-old female was admitted to the emergency department after being injured in a car accident. She was drowsy but easily awakened. She was conscious and partially oriented in time and space. She had amnesia for the episode. She spoke fluently and coherently but was hesitant regarding the hours before the accident, which was probably due to memory impairment. She exhibited sporadic hetero-aggressive behavior during the first few hours of the examination. She had no other thought or perceptual disorders. Head CT scan showed “a thin collection of blood from the frontal interhemispheric area and a discrete subarachnoid sulcal frontobasal hemorrhage, with no other significant changes.” Toxicology tests were positive for THC, cocaine, and MDMD and negative for blood alcohol. A forensic medical examination was required. After 48 hours of vigilance and improvement, she was discharged with a booked re-evaluation within a week. At the second evaluation, her mother described a change in her usual behavior with disorientation, drowsiness, difficulty managing daily life, and memory impairment. She had persecutory delusions regarding the physicians and was very agitated. She was admitted to a child and adolescent psychiatric hospital for further evaluation and stabilization. After 72 hours of inpatient stay, she fully recovered, receiving low-dose risperidone daily. She was discharged with the diagnosis of delirium due to another medical condition (TBI), acute, hyperactive. Since discharge, symptoms have not recurred even after discontinuation of antipsychotic medication.

Clinically, ACS can be divided into hypoactive, hyperactive, and mixed level of activity. Hyperactive forms may manifest as varying degrees of psychomotor agitation. With this case report, we’d like to raise awareness of ACS so that it’s diagnosed and treated correctly and in a timely manner.

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The concept of ESSENCE was created to coin a set of clinical symptoms in early childhood , before the age of 5 to 6 years, that may be present in several specifically undefined disorders and that may be associated with the development of more specific psychiatric disorders in adolescence and adulthood, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder, Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder.Those symptoms may include deficits in development, communication, language, social skills, motor coordination, attention, behavior, mood and sleep.

To evaluate the association between Neurodevelopmental Disorders, which manifest by uncharacteristic and diffuse symptoms in early childhood, and AutismSpectrum Disorder, Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder.

We performed a non-systematic review of the existent literature with the keywords: “Attention Deficit”; “Hyperactivity Disorder”; “Autism Spectrum Disorder”; “ESSENCE”; “Schizophrenia”; and “Bipolar Disorder”.

Although ESSENCE is not a diagnostic term, some symptoms regarding ESSENCE are shared with early symptoms of different Major Psychiatric Disorders, namely speech and language delay, impulsivity, inattention, feeding difficulties, hypo/hyperactivity or other behavior problems.

There is a growing acceptance that the co-existence of disorders and the sharing of symptoms (so-called comorbidity) is a questionable concept, since we are usually not dealing with completely separate disorders.

Neurodevelopmental disorders present with frequent comorbidities and the overlap between the disordersstill needs to be better studied, as in autism spectrum disorder and attention deficithyperactivity, through a greater understanding of shared genetic and environmental factors and that reflect how early symptomatic syndromes can coexist in childhood, and later in adolescence and adulthood .

The concept of ESSENCE emphasis the difficulty when making adiagnosis, specifically in Neurodevelopmental Disorders due to the fact that a variety osymptoms overlap. It is known that some disorders that will manifest in adulthood sharesymptoms with ESSENCE. Therefore, it is of great need to associate the current clinical findings with the present and future technologies, e.g. genetic markers, in order to dentify a common core with ESSENCE and Major Psychiatric Disorders.

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A mature and fulfilling sexuality is based on appropriate sexual education. The message must be adapted to the level of knowledge and practices of young people. Old studies dating back more than 15 years have been published.

The objective of this study is to assess adolescents’ knowledge and attitudes about sexuality.

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 80 adolescents using an anonymous online questionnaire.

The average age of the participants was 18 years old 45% had had at least one sexual intercourse, they are mostly male. Only 9% had used a method of contraception. Most of them had heard of contraceptive techniques. Young age, male gender, lack of dialogue with parents, low socio-economic status and lack of sex education were significantly associated with a low level of knowledge about sexuality.

The results show that adolescents had risky practices with a lack of information. More studies are needed to approve these results and improve sexual health of these teenagers thanks to targeted sensitization.

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Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) is a new disorder that has been added to the category of mood disorders in the fifth Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders to distinguish chronic non-periodic irritability from the periodic irritability of bipolar disorder. The main characteristic of DMDD is chronic and severe irritability. Because it is a new diagnostic entity, little research has been done on it and the literature on the subject is still expanding.

The purpose of this review article is to gather information on new therapies for the treatment of this disorder in children and adolescents.

The studies related to the treatment of DMDD were collected and analyzed. This study retrieved related articles from PubMed, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, NCBI, The American Journal of Psychiatry, and EBSCO. Use keywords “disruptive” AND “mood” AND “dysregulation” AND “disorder” OR “Treatment” AND “DMDD” OR “Drug” AND “mood” AND “disorder” OR “Treatment” AND “SMD” OR “Treatment” AND “BP” OR “Treatment” AND “ADHD” OR “Antidepressant” OR “Mental”AND “Stabilizer” OR “temper” AND “outburst” OR “aggressive” AND "antipsychotics.

To date, no medication has been approved by the FDA to treat EDD. Because there are no treatment standards, drug therapy focuses on the primary symptoms of EDD, such as severe chronic irritability, temper tantrums, and comorbidities, such as ADHD. Currently, medications used by clinicians to treat patients with EDD include antidepressants (fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram), stimulants (methylphenidate), anxiolytics mood stabilizers (sodium valproate) and antipsychotics (haloperidol, risperidone, aripiprazole in combination with methylphenidate in ADHD-EDD comorbidity), atomoxetine, guanfacine, and amantadine.

To date, no medication has been approved by the FDA to treat EDD. Because there are no treatment standards, drug therapy focuses on the primary symptoms of EDD, such as severe chronic irritability, temper tantrums, and comorbidities, such as ADHD. Currently, medications used by clinicians to treat patients with EDD include antidepressants (fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram), stimulants (methylphenidate), anxiolytics mood stabilizers (sodium valproate) and antipsychotics (haloperidol, risperidone, aripiprazole in combination with methylphenidate in ADHD-EDD comorbidity), atomoxetine, guanfacine, and amantadine.

As a new diagnosis, treatment guidelines for DMDD are still unclear. Preliminary results from this study suggest that clinicians tend to prescribe a variety of psychotropic medications. This heterogeneity in treatment choices may reflect the fact that these patients are on a bridge between disruptive behavior disorders (including ADHD) and mood disorders. The relative merits or demerits of these treatment choices should be evaluated in further studies.

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Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is 33.6% among children with developmental disabilities in Egypt. Children with ASD have unique needs & interventions must be individualized for successful outcomes. Many systems are involved to provide services or funding resources to assist patients with ASD & their families. Coordination of multiple services is a challenge for families.

To understand the changing needs of the expanding autism population.

This effort would be intended for policymakers, service providers, community organizations & advocacy groups to better understand & address the needs of children with autism in Egypt. Needs assessment countrywide would be the first step in developing system of care for these children.

Surveying of children with autism & their families should be done to assess how or if the needs of children with autism & their families are met along with surveying service providers on the quality of service provided for children with autism.

A questionnaire will be designed for the families to assess the availability of mental health services for ASD patients and its accessibility along with its efficiency & meeting their expectations as regards appropriate care & support, in addition the role of these specialized services in promoting the understanding of the families of ASD patients. Furthermore assessing provision of appropriate primary health care services that are ready to accommodate ASD patients’ special conditions as well as secondary & tertiary services.

Another questionnaire would be provided to mental health professionals dealing with ASD patients, it would include providers at all levels of service like child psychiatrists, general psychiatrists, behavioral therapists, psychologists, nurses, social workers & administrators of services. This questionnaire would assess presence of resources & appropriate management, available funding & if it meets the needs of services, appropriate training for professionals & service providers, coordination between facilities, barriers & limitations they face in their work as well as obtaining their suggestions to enhance the services provided.

All the data will be collected & revised for completeness. Statisticians & community health professionals will be consulted for helping empower the study & guiding our field work. Clustering of data on geographical basis would help understand & prioritize areas of need as well.

To develop system of caring for autism in Egypt we should look at whether Egyptians living with autism are getting the services they need. We should identify barriers to accessing services & examine if the families of children with autism consider the services they do receive to be effective. We believe Egyptians with autism & their families are struggling to find the services they need & are often dissatisfied with the services that are provided.

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Postnatal hospitalisation is an extremely traumatic event for both mother and baby. Such a situation reflects a psychological dysfunction with a risk of developing a post-traumatic stress disorder.

To study the level of stress in mothers of babies hospitalised during the postnatal period in the neonatal unit and to identify the risk factors associated with the persistence of high levels of stress 3 months after discharge.

This was a longitudinal, descriptive and analytical study conducted between April and September 2021. The sample consisted of mothers of babies hospitalized in the neonatology department of Sfax-Tunisia for a period ranging from 5 to 15 days. Socio-demographic data were collected using a pre-designed form. The level of stress was assessed using the 22-item “Impact of Event Scale-Revised” (IES-R), validated in Arabic.

The sample consisted of 86 mothers with a mean age of 32.17 years.

Severe stress symptoms were found in 77.90% of the mothers during their babies’ hospitalisation. They persisted in 8.90% of the young mothers 3 months after discharge from hospital.

Certain factors were significantly associated with the persistence of a high level of stress in mothers 3 months after the discharge of their babies, such as the occurrence of postpartum complications (p=0.012), the absence of visits to the baby’s intensive care unit (p=0.047) and a living environment with a single parent (p=0.034).

The present study shows that the level of stress is quite high among mothers of babies hospitalised in neonatology during the postnatal period and that this symptomatology can last for months after discharge.

Prevention and reduction of stress induced by postnatal hospitalisation through parental guidance and psychological support for mothers strengthens interactions and the mother-baby bond.

None Declared

Hospitalization in neonatology constitutes a narcissistic wound for the mother. This mother-baby separation disturbs the maternal identity and generates a strong feeling of failure and guilt.

To assess self-esteem in mothers of babies hospitalised during the postnatal period in the neonatal unit and to identify risk factors associated with the persistence of low self-esteem 3 months after discharge.

This was a longitudinal, descriptive and analytical study conducted between April and September 2021. The sample consisted of mothers of babies hospitalized in the neonatology department of Sfax-Tunisia for a period ranging from 5 to 15 days. Socio-demographic data were collected using a pre-established form. Self-esteem was assessed during the baby’s hospitalisation and 3 months after discharge, using the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, with 10 items, validated in Arabic.

The sample consisted of 86 mothers with a mean age of 32.17 years.

Low to very low self-esteem was found in mothers in 81.20% of cases when their babies were hospitalised and in 68.40% of cases 3 months after discharge.

Some factors were significantly related to the persistence of low self-esteem in mothers after 3 months of their babies’ hospitalisation, such as a low educational level of the mother (p=0.017), an unattended pregnancy (p=0.034), the occurrence of a post-partum complication (p=0.043) and the absence of the first smile in the baby at the age of 3 months (p=0.008).

This study shows a high prevalence of low self-esteem in mothers following hospitalization of their babies in the postnatal period. The concomitance with several socio-clinical factors contributes to the persistence of this low level of self-esteem in these mothers.

Appropriate early and multidisciplinary care helps to rebuild strong self-esteem in the young mother so that she can overcome her psychological difficulties and build a solid foundation for the mother-baby bond.

None Declared

Student well-being is an area of increasing interest for schools around the world. However, the extent to which school-based well-being and mental health interventions are currently being delivered by different schools has not previously been explored in many countries, including New Zealand.

This survey of a nationally-representative sample of schools was undertaken to identify: what well-being and mental health interventions were being used by primary (elementary) and secondary (high) schools and what gaps exist between current practice and the evidence-base.

Forty staff from 37 (22 primary, 13 secondary and 2 composite) schools across New Zealand participated in semi-structured interviews. Data was analysed for key themes and subthemes using Braun and Clarke’s method.

Seven key themes were identified: 1) staff awareness and enthusiasm about student well-being and mental health; 2) existence of specific interventions to support student well-being and mental health; 3) support for government-sponsored programmes; 4) limitations of existing programmes; 5) drivers of new interventions; 6) barriers to implementation; and 7) suggestions for future interventions and their implementation.

Despite enthusiasm from educators for interventions with which to improve student well-being, there is a gap between intention and activity. Students are receiving primarily non-evidence based interventions in a variable manner due to staff and cost-related barriers. We suggest ways for health and education providers in New Zealand and elsewhere to address these issues, as well as avenues for further research.

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Dialectical behavioural therapy (DBT) developed by Linehan has been shown to be widely effective in improving emotional regulation capacity in patients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder in adults and adolescents, but also for other profiles of emotional dysregulation, even in the general non-clinical population through emotional regulation skills training programs in schools.

The objective was to describe psychopathological characteristics and to evaluate clinical outcome variables (self-harm, suicide attempts, admissions and emotional regulation difficulties) in young patients who participated in the DBT skills training group carried out by the child and adolescent psychiatry team of Hospital del Mar (Barcelona) between February 2020 and April 2022.

Prospective longitudinal study with two evaluations (before starting the group and after finishing it). The clinical variables were evaluated by reviewing the medical records, and the improvement in emotional regulation difficulties was evaluated through the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) adaptation to adolescents before and after the intervention.

A total of 36 participants have been referred and assessed to participate in the previously mentioned emotional regulation program. The mean age was 15.6 years (14-17 years old). 100% of the participants were female. All of them met criteria for BPD according to the SCID-II questionnaire; but only 23 patients (63.9%) had BPD as their main diagnosis. 63.9% (n=23) presented psychiatric comorbidities, being 27.8% (n= 10) ADHD, 30.6% (n= 11) substance use disorder and 47.2% (n= 17) eating disorders,

77.8% (n=28) had presented self-injurious behaviour, 52% (n=18) had committed a suicide attempt, requiring hospital admission in 36.2% (n=13) at some point in their lives before the therapy group. In the three months after the end of the group, admissions were reduced to 17% (n=6), suicide attempts to 14.8% (n=5) and non-suicidal self-injurious behaviours to 27.8% (n=10).

The mean score of all participants on the DERS scale was 129.91 points before participating in the DBT skills group and 105 points right after the group finished. Higher scores translate into greater emotional regulation difficulties.

The reduction in DERS scores, self-injurious behaviours, suicide attempts, and admissions was notable for all participants. It remains to add the results of the groups currently in operation and perform the statistical analysis of all the results. It is necessary to continue studying and testing the benefits of DBT both in the clinical adolescent population and in the general child and adolescent population in order to generalize the promising results observed in our sample. At Hospital del Mar, we will continue to expand the DBT program so that more children and adolescents with emotional dysregulation can benefit.

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Video gaming is an extremely popular leisure activity, with over two billion users worldwide (Newzoo, 2017).

Nevertheless, excessive video game playing exposes to potential dangers. The WHO reminds us that “every gamer should be aware of the time spent on games, especially if their daily activities are affected, as well as any physical or psychological, social and health changes that could be attributed to gaming behaviour.”

The aim of our study is to analyse the frequency of video game use, and to determine its relationship with psychological and social functioning and academic performance.

A cross-sectional study was conducted in the child psychiatry department at Arrazi Hospital in Salé among adolescents aged between 10 and 17 years.

For this, we used:

• - A hetero-questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, reasons for gambling, type of gambling, satisfaction, self-esteem, ability to make friends and degree of social support, and school results

• - The DSM 5 criteria proposed in the appendix for the research

• - The K-SADS

Socio-demographic data

• - Our study was carried out on a sample of 57 adolescents aged between 10 and 17 years, with an average age of 13.47.

• - There was a predominance of males:

Boys: 87.5 , Girls: 17.5

All the adolescents are in school:

Social functioning and academic performance

• - 54.4% reported having both real and virtual friends, 29.8% specified that all their friends are virtual, And 15.8% noted that they have no friends

• - Academic decline was noted by the parents of 61.1% of adolescents Psychological functioning

• - 68.4% reported low self-esteem

• - 31.6% reported being dissatisfied with their lives

• - 0.5% met the diagnostic criteria for video game addiction

Our study finds that problematic video game use is related to male gender, low academic performance, difficulties with social interactions and also low self-esteem and satisfaction.

Screening for psychiatric co-morbidities and vulnerability factors is essential for the management of this type of pathology.

None Declared

Video gaming is an extremely popular leisure activity, with over two billion users worldwide (Newzoo, 2017).Nevertheless, excessive video game playing exposes to potential dangers. The WHO reminds us that “every gamer should be aware of the time spent on games, especially if their daily activities are affected, as well as any physical or psychological, social and health changes that could be attributed to gaming behaviour.”

The aim of our study is to analyse the frequency of video game use, and to determine its relationship with psychological and social functioning and academic performance.

A cross-sectional study was conducted in the child psychiatry department at Arrazi Hospital in Salé among adolescents aged between 10 and 17 years. For this, we used :A hetero-questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, reasons for gambling, type of gambling, satisfaction, self-esteem, ability to make friends and degree of social support, and school results , The DSM 5 criteria proposed in the appendix for the research and The K-SADS

Socio-demographic data

• - Our study was carried out on a sample of 57 adolescents aged between 10 and 17 years, with an average age of 13.47.

• - There was a predominance of males: Boys: 87. ; Girls: 17.5

All the adolescents are in school: Primary 26.3 , Middle school 59.6 , High school 14 % Social functioning and academic performance

• - 54.4% reported having both real and virtual friends, 29.8% specified that all their friends are virtual, And 15.8% noted that they have no friends

• - Academic decline was noted by the parents of 61.1% of adolescents Psychological functioning 68.4% reported low self-esteem, 31.6% reported being dissatisfied with their lives and 0.5% met the diagnostic criteria for video game addiction

Our study finds that problematic video game use is related to male gender, low academic performance, difficulties with social interactions and also low self-esteem and satisfaction. Screening for psychiatric co-morbidities and vulnerability factors is essential for the management of this type of pathology.

None Declared

Suicide is the third most common cause of death among adolescents. It is linked to several mental pathologies. Early detection and effective and rapid management are essential elements to improve the mental health of the adolescent and prevent suicidal behaviour.

Our objective is :

• - To discuss through these medical observations the risk factors and pathologies at high risk of suicide,

• - To detail the urgent course of action to be taken in the event of suicide attempts and

• - To underline the importance of early management to prevent suicide in adolescents

We report hereafter the clinical cases of 3 adolescents followed in child psychiatry for the management of a suicidal crisis.

1st clinical case :

This is a 13 year old girl, brought back by the staff of the Lalla Meryem child protection centre, where she has been living since her separation from her family following abuse by her mother. She reports a reliving of scenes where her mother burned her private parts. She reports disturbed sleep with night terrors and nightmares. In addition, the centre’s staff reported irritability, crying spells and verbalized suicidal threats.

2nd clinical case:

This is a 15 year old girl referred by the paediatric service for management of a suicide attempt by ingestion of rat poison. She stopped her schooling 2 years ago to take care of her mother who had cervical cancer and died 6 months ago. Since then, she has experienced sadness of mood, low self-esteem with ideas of devaluation. During the first psychiatric interview, she did not criticize her suicidal act and said that she wanted to kill herself, which she considered the only solution to her suffering.

3rd clinical case:

This is a 12-year-old adolescent, followed in child psychiatry for conduct disorder with problematic use of tobacco, cannabis and benzodiazepines. He had stopped going to school since the third grade.

He consulted for a suicide attempt by ingesting 30 antihypertensive tablets. After somatic care, he was referred to us from the medical emergency department for psychiatric care.

Suicide among adolescents is on the increase in Morocco. It is necessary to take into account the risk of suicide in the face of any mental or somatic pathology. A rapid and urgent course of action is necessary to avoid recurrence.

None Declared

Little is still known about the long-term impact of childhood and adolescent persistent depression and anxiety on adulthood.

To investigate the impact of persistent anxiety, depression, and comorbid anxiety and depression across childhood and adolescence on the development of multiple adverse outcomes in young adulthood.

This study used data from 8,122 participants in the ALSPAC cohort, in the UK. The Development and Wellbeing Assessment (DAWBA) was administered to capture child anxiety and depression symptomatology. We focused on the DAWBA generalized anxiety and mood subscales at 8, 10 and 13 years, and created a measure of comorbid anxiety and depression symptoms (i.e., anxiety + depression) at each time point. Further, a range of mental and physical health, and functional problems were assessed at 24 years. Latent Class Growth Analyses was used to detect trajectories of anxiety, depression and comorbid anxiety and depression, separately; and logistic regression to examine how persistent anxiety, depression or both associated with adverse outcomes at 24 years.

All three classes with persistent anxiety, depression or both associated with presenting any mental health and functional problem at 24 years. However, persistent high anxiety was not associated with any physical health problem at 24 years. Finally, high levels of comorbid anxiety and depression was the domain that exerted the greatest negative impact at 24 years.

Children and adolescents with comorbid anxiety and depressions are at highest risk for suffering from more adverse outcomes at 24 years, compared to those presenting anxiety and depression alone.

None Declared

Non-psychotic postpartum psychiatric disorders (NPPDs) are among the most common underdiagnosed mental disorders with a preserved reality test after delivery.

NPPDs have been shown to have an association with infant growth, attachment, sleep, temperament and ultimately offspring’s emotional, behavioural, cognitive and social development.

Most prevalent NPPDs are postpartum mood and anxiety disorders, as well as obsessive–compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and eating disorders.

The high methodological quality of the reviewed studies strengths the association between NPPDs and different disorders in the neurodevelopmental period with a negligible impact on mental status in adolescence and adulthood. NPPDs showed an effect on offspring’s emotional, behavioural, cognitive and social development, due to common developmental mechanisms.

Timely accurate identifying and treating NPPDs, by using NPPDs symptoms screening tools could reduce the incidence of mental disorders in offspring. Although neurodevelopmental disorders and mental disorders related to pregnancy as separate diagnostic categories have been insufficiently researched, the potential impact of postpartum mental disorders on children’s development is an extremely unexplored field that should be focused on in further scientific research.

None Declared

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social and communication deficits and restricted and repetitive or stereotyped behaviours. The prevalence of ASD has been thought to be higher in men, which may reflect aspects of the own aetiology of the disorder. Still, it may also be associated with misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis of females with autism due to specific phenotypic traits.

To explore the differences between sex/gender in autism’s clinical presentation.

Non-systematic literature review using the most relevant papers found on PubMed and Google Scholar using the following keywords: “autism spectrum disorder”, “gender differences”, and “autistic women”.

Autistic women seem to have a “camouflage” phenomenon, characterized by a high level of functioning, less unusual play or restricted interests, better socio-emotional reciprocity and coping behaviours. Therefore, women with ASD commonly have an anteriority of multiple diagnoses, which delays their access to the support and care they need.

Professionals must be aware of the sex/gender clinical differences to prevent the misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis of females with autism. Moreover, the current clinical criteria used to diagnose ASD may underserve the female population and deserve to be reviewed.

None Declared

According to the Journal of Laws of the Republic of Poland, juveniles considered to be socially maladjusted are referred to the facilities called Youth Educational Centres. The aforementioned decision must be processed by court. Adolescents held there are guilty mainly of truancy, acts of vandalism, and the crime of theft. Other reasons might include substance abuse, fleeing from home and loitering without legal guardian’s supervision. The key purpose behind those institutions is adjusting to social standards, as well as rehabilitation of each juvenile delinquent. On the other hand, such behaviors may result from various mental disorders, which are often overlooked and underestimated.

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among the inmates of Youth Educational Centres with a primary Focus on bipolar disorder. The existing knowledge on this subject is insufficient whereas the only available papers are based on retrospective studies of documents, which may have led to underestimation of mental condition in this population.

Patients were examined in person, using the K-SADS diagnostic interview. The missing details were also collected during reviewing the inmates’ documents. The study group consists of juveniles staying in two Youth Educational Centres, a male and female one, located in Silesian Province of southern Poland. Participation in the research was voluntary whereas information gathered during the interview remains confidential.

The study included 80 adolescents who previously had consented to participate. 60% (n=48) of them were males. Among the male patients 27.08% met the criteria for an episode of mania/hypomania, 37.5% for a depressive disorder whereas 22.92% fulfilled the criteria for both mania and depression. Seven boys were diagnosed beforehand, those included: one case of bipolar disorder, one schizoaffective disorder and five of them were receiving outpatient treatment for depressive episodes. Among female inmates: 40.63% met the criteria for both mania/hypomania and depressive disorder whereas as many as 78.13% claimed to have depressive disorder. Two girls have already been diagnosed – one suffered from bipolar disorder, manic depression and schizophrenia and the other was treated for depressive episodes.

Social maladjustment is often accompanied by a mental disorder or may be caused by one. Psychiatric disorders in adolescents, particularly bipolar disorder, usually have an atypical course, which can delay the appropriate diagnosis. Postponement of the crucial treatment is directly related to significant deterioration of the patient’s prognosis. In order to provide adequate and necessary support, juveniles referred to the Youth Educational Centres should be examined by a certified psychiatrist before the admission to such facility.

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects about 9.4% (6.4 million) children in the United States. Pharmacological treatment, including stimulants, is a known therapy for ADHD. However, its possible subtherapeutic effectiveness, residual symptoms, and adverse effects have prompted us to explore the current evidence of Yoga as an add-on therapy that has shown synergistic effects in recent studies.

1) We aim to assess Yoga’s efficacy as an add-on treatment for ADHD.

2) Assess the current evidence of Yoga as an add-on therapy for ADHD.

We searched PubMed, PubMed Central, Medline, Web of Science, and Biosis databases with the keywords “Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity” (MeSH) and “ADHD” in the context of “Yoga” (MeSH). Identified 4 relevant studies that were published until September 30, 2022.

A study by Jensen et al. found improvement in impulsivity, hyperactivity, and restlessness in the ADHD with medications patient group after 20 Yoga sessions. Study utilized Conners’ Parents Rating Scales and found improvement in the Yoga group on Oppositional, Global Index Emotional Lability, Global Index Total, Global Index Restless/Impulsive, and ADHD Index scale, changes associated with the number of sessions (Jensen et al. J Atten Disord 2004; 7 205-216). In another study, children with ADHD showed significant improvement after 8 weeks of 16 Yoga sessions in accuracy rate and reaction time in the Visual Pursuit Test and Determination Test (Chou et al. Peer J 2017; 5 e2883). A nine-year-old male case showed improvement in inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms on Vanderbilt Assessment Scales from parents and teachers after 6 months of Yoga practice (Gunaseelan et al. Cureus 2021; 5, e2883). Another 6-week Yoga intervention randomized trial in pre-school ADHD children showed significant improvement in hyperactivity and inattention with fewer distractibility errors of omission and faster reaction time (Cohen et al. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2018; 39 200).

The results suggest that Yoga has beneficial effects as an adjunct treatment to pharmacotherapy in ADHD for reducing hyperactivity and inattentiveness. Additionally, studies indicate its effectiveness in managing stress, anxiety, energy levels, and impulse control by staying focused with the help of breath and mind control. To explore the full spectrum of benefits and effectiveness of Yoga as an add-on therapy for ADHD patients, we recommend robust well-design future studies.

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