To explore the possibility of the existence of ADHD’ symptoms among settlement-dwelling indigenous children of the Karajá ethnic group in the Brazilian Amazon and to estimate the rate of ADHD’ symptoms among 7-16-year-olds.

All parents/caretakers of 7-16-year olds from all (N = 5) most populated indigenous groups were invited to participate, if they were worried about their children emotional/behavioural problems. Fifty three parents spontaneously came for a psychiatric interview (DSM-IV criteria applied), individually conducted at the settlement's health post by a child psychiatrist.

The estimated rate of ADHD’ symptoms in problematic indigenous children aged 7–16 years was 24.5% (95% CI: 13.6 – 35.4) since 13 out of 53 parents/caretakers reported the classical triad of ADHD symptoms (inattentiveness, hyperactivity, impulsiveness).

ADHD is a clinically relevant construct in the Karajá indigenous population, representing a major concern among parents/caretakers of children and adolescents from this ethnic group.

Recent data suggest that about 60% of depressed patients and more than 70% of healthy subjects agree to receive placebo as a first line treatment for depression. the effect of cultural background has not been studied.

To compare the viewpoint of healthy subjects from 3 different continents regarding the use of placebo for the treatment of depression.

1. 1) Investigate the willingness of subjects in each group to receive placebo in a case of depression in the future,

2. 2) Compare groups’ views regarding the possible effect of placebo use in clinical practice on doctor-patient relations and other ethical aspects.

350 health science students from three different countries (Romania, U.S.A., Israel) enrolled. All subjects were briefed thoroughly about the efficacy, potential benefits and limitations of placebo in treating depression and then completed a self-report questionnaire.

Both in Romania and U.S.A: 60% of the patients agreed to receive placebo as first line treatment and 70% agreed to receive placebo after a trail with SSRI. in Israel the tendency towards acceptance of placebo as first line treatment were higher (69%) (p > 0.05). in all groups over 70% of the subjects do not perceive prescribing placebo as a deceit or as an act that diminishes the patients' autonomy (p < 0.05).

The majority of participants agrees to receive placebo medication as a first line treatment, and do not feel that it will negatively affect their sense of autonomy or doctor-patient relationship. However, Cultural differences does exists and necessitate further research.

Self-harm behaviours (SHB), including attempted suicide, and completed suicide (CS) have been reported to be common among migrants. the objective of this study is to provide a retrospective analysis of migrants that committed SHB and CS, in relation to their psychiatric history and care, in the same catchment area and in the same period.

Data on migrants referred to psychiatric consultation from the A&E department for SHB during 2010 and 2011 at the Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Service in Modena were compared to data on migrants that committed CS recorded in the database of Modena Forensic Medicine Service.

Of the 297 total SHB referred to psychiatric consultation in the two years, 102 were of migrants (34.3%), mainly women (54.8%) with a mean age of 31.4 years (SD = 12.2). in the same period, CS among migrants were instead only 5.7% of total (122), all male (100%), with a mean age of 36.3 years (SD = 10.9). the majority (70.2%) of SHB migrants were not under psychiatric care at the moment of SHB, but 39.3% had a positive psychiatric history. After psychiatric referral, 26.8% were admitted to the psychiatric ward. SHB were more than one in the two-year period for 13.6% migrant patients. Hanging was the most frequent method for CS (71.4%), whereas drug ingestions were for SHB (42.9%).

Data from our analysis confirm general epidemiologic features of suicide as well as the finding of SHB being particularly common among migrants.

Subjects with Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) are characterized by low self-esteem, pessimism, procrastination and also perfectionism.

To examine the link between social anxiety and perfectionism and to evaluate cultural differences on these measures.

To improve our understanding on cultural factors, anxiety disorders and personality features.

Questionnaires on social anxiety, perfectionism and automatic thoughts were administered in a group of 132 students, 58 Israeli-Jewish and 74 Israeli-Arab with an average age of 26.

The rate of SAD in these students according to a score of 60 or more on the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) was 16%, a rather high rate in the Western world. the correlation between the total LSAS score and the score of perfectionism was significant (r = 0.31). Also, we will compare data on SAD and perfectionism between our two sub-samples, Jewish and Arab students. Significant differences between the Israeli-Jewish students and Israeli-Arab students appeared on two of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scales: parental expectations and parental criticism with higher scores in the Arab students.

The linkage between SAD and perfectionism will be discussed and implications for treatment will be suggested.

The holy Quran is the curative that after its cure,there is no fear of disease anymore. One of the miracles of Quran is its effect on sevice and medical care duties.

Regarding the key role of nurses in offering health service to patients and the importance of the nurses' mental health, thisc study was conducted.

To assess the effect of Quran on the mental health of nurses.

This educational trial was done on 55 nurses at educational hospitals of Arak University of Medical Sciences through randomized simple sampling. Intervention was attendance in the workshop of familiarity with Quran. Before and after intervention, the GHQ-28 questionnaire was completed by the participants.Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and Chi square.

The mean age of the nurses was 34.45 ± 6.3 years. 30 participants (68.2%)were married. the mean mental health scores before and after intervention were 27.75 ± 9.76 and 22.34 ± 7.83 respectively which indicated the significant difference (P < 0.014).

The intervention has been effective in reducing mental health scores and somehow, in improving the nurses' mental health status. on the other hand, participation in the familiarity with Quran workshop can improve the nurses' mental health.

Worry is a repetitive cognitive process in which a person anticipates and elaborates on possible undesirable future events and their consequences. Worry, especially when excessive, was demonstrated to be closely related to psychopathology, in particular to anxiety disorders and depression. Some studies suggested that worry can play an important role in the pathomechanisms of these disorders. However, the factors determining the levels of worry are poorly understood and studied. Objectives. This study aimed at exploring possible relationships between worry and religiosity. the hypothesis was put forward that certain aspects of religiosity, such as centrality or contents of religious beliefs, emotions and experiences can either increase or prevent worry.

One-hundred eighty college students (90 men and 90 women), Roman Catholics, recruited from different universities and studying varied majors, took part in the study. They completed Penn State Worry Questionnaire measuring the tendency to worry and the Structure of Religiosity Test designed to measure centrality and contents of religiosity.

The levels of worry were significantly statistically correlated with centrality of religiosity, with those who worried more demonstrating more central religiosity. the relationship was relatively weak, however, stable across different dimensions of centrality of religiosity. Higher levels of worry were also found to be weakly or moderately related to the contents of religiosity, strikingly, irrespective of their positive/negative value.

Centrality of religiosity and most religious contents (emotions, experiences) may be factors predisposing to higher worry. However, this finding requires further explanation and verification in different religions and denominations.

The stigmatizing of the mentally ill is quite common and has numerous social and economical consequences for these individuals.

The aim of this paper was to examine young peoples’ beliefs regarding the mentally disordered

The authors’ questionnaire regarding the interviewees’ age, gender, social background and their opinions on the mentally ill was conducted among a popular portals users.

11900 people were questioned, including 71% women. 30% of the interviewees were under the age of 19, while 34% of them were between 19 and 24 years old and 36% were over 24. 39% of the interviewees stated they closely knew at least one mentally ill person. 44% of the questioned believed a lot of criminal offenders were mentally ill. 66% of interviewees would not mind sharing a flat with a mentally disordered person, 64% would agree to work with one. Those who personally knew a mentally disordered person were more inclined to share a flat or start a relationship with such an individual, than the rest of the interviewed (51% vs. 37% for flat sharing and 38% vs. 26% for starting a relationship, p < 0.001).

According to the acquired data, many young Poles believe that the mentally disordered are inclined to break the law and behave aggressively. These opinions seem to be related amongst others to age and gender, and they result in unwillingness to have relations with the mentally disordered.

Previous studies indicate elevated rates of psychopathology, particularly posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, in refugee populations although reported rates vary widely and generally relate to single ethnic groups.

To assess the level of psychological distress in adult refugees of multiple ethnic groups recently arrived in Western Australia via the United Nations Humanitarian Program.

Adult refugees undergoing routine medical assessment were invited to participate. Assessment was via use of the Kessler 10 (K10) and the World Health Organisation PTSD Screener. A range of demographic data was collected.

300 refugees consented to participate (146 male, 154 female), mean age 34yrs. 24% had some level of probable mental disorder via K10, and 17% had probable current PTSD. Region of origin differences were significant with refugees from the Middle East/Western Asia having significantly higher levels of psychopathology than those from Africa or South East Asia. No relationship was found with age, gender, marital status or educational level.

This refugee population shows elevated rates of psychopathology, notably PTSD by comparison with national data for the general population. there are significant differences when region of origin is taken into consideration. These data will inform local service development.

In the context of a growing body of international research, though not in German-speaking countries, this study examines 1) the spirituality of psychiatric staff, 2) staff's attitudes towards religiosity/spirituality of patients, and 3) the integration of religious/spiritual contents into therapeutic methods.

An anonymous survey distributed to the staff in the department of psychiatry and psychotherapy of German university hospitals and confessional clinics (total 21 Hospitals). the survey's main instruments were DRI (Duke University Religion Index) and the questionnaire of Curlin et al. (2007). in this study, staff means medical, therapeutic and nursing staff working directly with patients between October 2010 and February 2011.

The response rate was 24.43% (n=1654). Contrary to the assumption that psychiatric staff has low to no spirituality, results suggested that they are more spiritual, showing a spirituality of 7.00 on a scale of 12.0. Moreover, the psychiatric staff believes that religiosity/spirituality plays an important role for patients, for example, support of religious communities or motivation for keeping therapies. Religious/spiritual contents seem, however, to be taken with care and precaution and their integration into psychiatric therapeutic methods, especially specific contents such as prayer, looks quite difficult. the most frequent reasons are professional neutrality, insufficient time/occasion and insufficient knowledge.

Religious/spiritual contents have not been integrated yet in psychiatric therapy methods, although they are regarded generally positive to patients. Further studies and discussion about religious/spiritual matters, particularly professional neutrality in therapeutic settings, are essential to overcome these problems for patients and staff.

Noise is defined as unwanted sounds and can cause psychological symptoms such as anxiety, restlessness, irritability, sleep disturbances and difficulty concentrating. Transportation noise represents a large majority of external noise that affects people in large cities. Professional drivers are the highest risk group.

The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between noise pollution and, general psychological symptoms, quality of life in public transport drivers.

Bus drivers of varying bus brands (F, O and P) were subjected in this study. SCL-90-R and SF-36 questionnaire were used to assess the presence and severity of psychiatric symptoms and quality of life. Sound level meter (Smart Sensor AR844) was used for noise pollution measurements (dB(A)) within the buses and city main streets.

F, O and P brand buses average 65.16 dB(A), 70.86 dB(A) and 75.33 dB(A) noise produces respectively. Especially, P brand mini-bus drivers were found to have worked under continuously high noise (75.33 dB(A), average 11.22 ± 3.86 hours daily). According to psychiatric SCL-90-R and SF-36 assessments, observed psychiatric symptoms were more pronounced between the high noise exposed group than other groups (P < 0.001).

Psychologies and quality of life of bus drivers were affected by the noise pollution and noise pollution had cause to serious psychological symptoms on drivers such as anxiety, depression, hostility, etc., and noise had negative effects over the quality of life in the east region of Turkey, particularly, when drivers were exposed for longer working periods and above certain values.

Since public prejudice and discrimination against person with mental illness could limit their social experiences and opportunities, it is important to give efforts for overcoming public's prejudice and discrimination. Recently NAMI or WPA is applying scientific education method to the public based on attribution theory in order to decrease the prejudice and discrimination. in this context, if the public perceive that a cause of mental illness is uncontrollable due to its biological nature, they show helping behavior with sympathy rather criticize on person with mental illness. Meanwhile, there is a limited study on whether this approach brings reducing public's prejudice and discrimination against mental illness.

This study aims to analyze the influences of causal attribution, controllable causes or uncontrollable causes, on prejudice and discrimination with using vignettes.

The research conducted with 159 respondents who are currently university students and provided them the case vignettes that include typical alcoholism, mood disorder, schizophrenia (acute and chronic case), anti-social personality disorder, based on DSM-IV.

In general the respondents preferred to bad character rather than biological causes in all types of mental illness. in terms of prejudice and discrimination, however, result showed that biological cause more negatively influences on prejudice and discrimination than bad character. Thus, peoples’ perception of cause of mental illness as uncontrollable biological nature makes more prejudice and discrimination.

The results of this study can provide contradiction on theory of cause attribution that argues public's helping behavior with sympathy on individual's uncontrollable cause of mental illness.

The Spiritism and mediumnistic practice in Spiritist Centers can reveal the spiritual mechanisms of mental disease and to enable the patient’s recovery.

•Pilot project similar to “Enhancing pathways into care” done in Sheffield. It was used to describe different types of initiatives that have been established in health to improve patient pathways and access to services.

To observe outcome of assessment and treatment of patients from different ethnic background.

Compare 3 ethnic groups (White British(WB), South Asian(SA) and Black Caribbean & Others) and identify trends in the following categories: Diagnosis, No. of Admissions, Status on Admission, Length of Admission, Services on Discharge.

Collected information from relevant resources covering a period of 1 year (1/4/09 – 31/03/10) •Information transferred onto spreadsheet •The findings were presented in forms of graphs and pie charts. •Number of patients: 194.

72% of SA were diagnosed with psychotic disorder compared to 32% of WB. 36%of WB have depressive disorder compared to 3% of SA.

53% of SA stay in hospital > 28 days compared to 33% of WB.

31% of SA and 19% of WB have more than 2 admissions.

60% of SA are admitted under section of MHA compared to 19% of WB.

Only 2% of SA are referred to CHTT(Crisis and home base treatment team) compared to 14.5% in WB and 29% of SA are discharged to AOT(Assertive Outreach Team).

People from ethnic minorities present to services with severe symptomatology. We need to look at service user's engagement with community services.

There is growing international interest in cross-cultural research of depressed patients to contribute to the aetiology discussion of the disorder and to find culture specific treatment strategies.

The aim of this study is to investigate the psychodynamic conflicts and structures of Chinese and German depressed patients and their influence on symptomatology.

A total of 111, SCID-I assessed depressed patients (57 Chinese and 64 German patients) were included in this study. the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the conflict and the structure axes of the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostics (OPD-2) were applied for evaluating the severity of the symptomatology and the psychodynamic profiles, respectively.

After controlling socioeconomic factors (age, gender, familial status and employment) German patients compared with Chinese patients showed significantly lower BDI total scores (24.16 ± 8.67 vs. 28.66 ± 11.01, p < 0.05). in terms of the OPD-2 parameters, German patients suffered from more frequent conflicts like the “desire for care vs. self-sufficiency conflict” (1.84 ± 1.13 vs. 1.12 ± 1.07, p < 0.01) as well as the “guilt conflict” (1.02 ± 0.85 vs. 0.65 ± 0.95, p < 0.05). in contrast, we found more frequent “dependence vs. individuation” conflicts in the Chinese sample compared with German patients (1.21 ± 1.19 vs. 0.78 ± 0.98, p < 0.05). there was no relationship between the psychodynamic profiles and the symptoms’ severity.

The findings suggest more culture specific psychodynamic psychotherapy strategies for depressed patients coming from different countries and cultures.