A total of 2,816 questionnaires were completed in the Dalby Forest Area in the period from March 1975 to March 1976. The answers to six questions were combined into a Wildlife Interest Index Value for each interviewee (Everett, 1977). The variations in the mean of this value are considered to indicate the wildlife interest of visitors in groups based on the following characteristics: income, occupation, age, party size, the visitors' attitude to the number of people present, their membership of wildlife organizations, the elements of the area that the visitors enjoyed, their activities, the benefits that the interviewees felt from visiting the area, the components of the area that were necessary to their enjoyment, the number of times that they visited the Dalby Forest Area per year, the day of the week, the month, the weather, the location of the interview, and the relationship to the visitor's home.

In Lake Baikal in southeastern Siberia during an evolution of some 25 million years, a unique, rich, and highly diverse, biocoenosis has developed, in which some three-quarters of the ca 2,400 plant and animal species are endemic. Conditions for its survival include stability of the chemical composition and water temperature of, particularly, the deeper parts of the Lake. Recently the large-scale development of wood-processing industries has had, as described in the present paper, an increasingly destructive influence on this biocoenosis. This destruction seems irreversible as the deeper parts of the Lake, which goes down to 1,620 metres, cannot be renewed.

A comparative study of institutional arrangements for the implementation of environmental policies serves several purposes. First, it provides a better understanding of the governmental systems of the respective countries which are examined. Second, it provides a basis for the potential formulation of more effective environmental protection policies; this can be accomplished through a detailed analysis of the implementation efforts of countries which experience similar environmental problems, but may use different implementation strategies to deal with such problems. Third, it prompts the analyst to consider the effect of varying political cultures on the policy implementation process (Enloe, 1975). Fourth, such study often identifies the need for greater harmonization of environmental laws between different countries (Lutz, 1975). In sum, such study can reveal the key relationships between governmental structures and environmental policies which account for successful policy implementation (Lundqvist, 1974).

Two major development projects in Papua New Guinea, while still in the planning stage, are being approached with full awareness of their possible impact on the environment. A copper-mine high up in the catchment of a large river, the Fly, and a large hydroelectric dam on another sizeable river, the Purari, raise a number of questions. The extremely high rainfall in the area of the proposed copper-mine precludes the use of standard methods of tailings disposal. Thus if the tailings were stored behind a dam, it would frequently overflow; alternatively, they could be discharged directly into a stream. Both alternatives would have a negative environmental impact. Downstream dilution by tributaries would, however, be an important mitigating factor of tailing disposal. At present, frequent, naturally-occuring landslides in the upper catchment result in a very high input of sediments, with a disastrous impact on the aquatic life.

The effects of snowmobile traffic on the winter home-ranges, movements, and activity patterns, of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus), were studied during two winters in northern Wisconsin. There were no significant differences in home-range size and habitat use of the Deer in areas with and without snowmobiling. However, snowmobiling caused some Deer to leave the immediate vicinity of the snowmobile trail. Deer were most affected when they were within 61 m of the snowmobile trail.

Global shortages of raw materials and growing problems of solid-waste management have made resource recovery a pressing concern of public policy for many governments. The purpose of this paper is to review policy planning for resource recovery. Planning in this as well as related arenas appears to suffer from several interrelated difficulties. One difficulty of public-policy planning is the inaccurate modelling in policy analysis; another is the common resistance to uniform implementation guidelines. Both of these difficulties appear to hinge on the problem of behavioural change.

The Great Plains Forest Shelter-belt Project began in 1935 and was the largest tree-planting programme ever attempted in the Great Plains. Its goals included soil-moisture conservation, enhancement of a seemingly featureless environment, improvement of crop yields, preservation of the soil resource, and climatic amelioration. The first four proved realistic, and quickly became the prime rationale for the programme. Millions of trees were planted, from the Dakotas to Texas, and some planting still continues under two federal cost-sharing arrangements. In many instances, the total number of hectares that have been planted exceeds the natural forest vegetation.