The genus Phellodendron (Rutaceae) is revised. This work is based on herbarium collections and field observations in eastern Asia. Two species are recognized: Phellodendron amurense Rupr. and Phellodendron chinense C.K.Schneid. All other specific and infraspecific names published in the genus are reduced to synonymy or excluded from the genus. Detailed morphology, character variability, an identification key, a distribution map, line drawings, and taxonomic treatments and lists of specimens examined are provided.

A new species from Sardinia occurring on the Gennargentu massif, Ruta lamarmorae (Rutaceae), is described and illustrated. Its relationships with R. corsica, a species widespread in the Corsican mountains, are examined.

Dissochaeta atrobrunnea (Melastomataceae–Dissochaeteae) from Kalimantan (Borneo, Indonesia) is described and illustrated. The species can be assigned to Dissochaeta sect. Dissochaeta and is easily recognized by its dense cover of light brown, sessile, stellate hairs and dark brown, 4–6 mm long bristles on branches, leaf undersurfaces, petioles, inflorescences, bracts and hypanthia. Like all other species of Dissochaeta sect. Dissochaeta, D. atrobrunnea shows heterantherous flowers.

Physospermopsis siamensis Esser & M.F.Watson is described as a new species from material collected in northern Thailand. This is the first record of Physospermopsis (Umbelliferae, Apiaceae) from Thailand, and represents a significant southern extension of the geographic range of this largely Sino-Himalayan genus. Comparison is provided with P. shaniana, its closest morphological ally, and the key to genera given in the Flora of Thailand account for Umbelliferae is revised.

Berlinia Sol. ex Hook.f. (Leguminosae – Caesalpinioideae) is under investigation with two main goals: (i) to delimit and describe the species, and (ii) to elucidate their relationships. Delimitation and description is now largely completed and is presented in this synopsis. The genus Berlinia is assessed as comprising 18 species. Keys to the species are presented and for each species a brief description, selected synonymy and specimen citations are given. A monograph of Berlinia including a full taxonomic treatment and the results of the phylogenetic investigation will be published later by the senior author.

Two new species of Ormosia (Leguminosae – Papilionoideae, Sophoreae) are described: Ormosia carinata N.Zamora and Ormosia intermedia N.Zamora.

Two new species of Gaultheria (Ericaceae) from India, G. akaensis and G. lohitiensis, are described and illustrated.

Sclereid presence and distribution were studied in leaves from 50 species of Dionysia (Primulaceae). Of 16 species not previously investigated, 11 were shown to possess sclereids. The sclereids are dermal, terminal or diffused (according to the position in the leaf) and develop from different tissues, and hence are not homologous structures. The presence of different types of sclereids in different species is discussed. Sclereid characters are optimized on a cladogram based on an analysis of three DNA regions. Some clades are associated with certain types of sclereids. Terminal sclereids are most common in Iran, and diffused sclereids in Afghanistan. The evolution of sclereids in the genus is discussed, and a redefinition of what can be called a sclereid in Dionysia is presented.

Four new species of Begonia (Begoniaceae) are described from the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. All four species (Begonia chiasmogyna M.Hughes, Begonia macintyreana M.Hughes, Begonia mendumae M.Hughes and Begonia stevei M.Hughes) belong to Begonia section Petermannia, and they increase the number of Begonia species known from the island to 30.

Three new species of Chilocarpus (Apocynaceae – Rauvolfioideae) from Malesia are described: Chilocarpus hirtus D.J.Middleton, Chilocarpus pubescens D.J.Middleton and Chilocarpus sarawakensis D.J.Middleton. Preliminary conservation assessments are proposed.

Pedicularis L. series Curvipes (Prain) Hurus. (=Pedicularis [unranked] Curvipes Prain) in the Orobanchaceae (often included in the Scrophulariaceae s.l.) is revised. It is demonstrated that the correct name for the series is Pedicularis ser. Curvipes, not Pedicularis ser. Curvipedes as used by at least two previous authors. Arguments are presented for the retention of the three existing species, Pedicularis curvipes Prain, Pedicularis nagaensis H.L.Li and Pedicularis amplicollis T.Yamaz., and the taxonomic history of each is summarized. Pedicularis curvipes from Sikkim and Pedicularis nagaensis from NE India are very similar but can be distinguished on corolla and seed characters. Flowering material of Pedicularis curvipes collected from cultivated material of uncertain origin in 1900 is positively identified as that species for the first time. The known geographical range of Pedicularis nagaensis, which was previously believed to be endemic to a restricted area of Nagaland in NE India, is extended to include Manipur. Pedicularis amplicollis from Bhutan is distinct from both the other two and easily separable by its woolly, 4-lobed calyx. A key to the series and formal taxonomic accounts of each species are provided. The relationships of the series with related series, particularly Pedicularis ser. Furfuraceae, are discussed.

Two new species of Aeschynanthus (Gesneriaceae) from Sulawesi, A. citrinus and A. sojolianus, are described.

Nineteen miscellaneous species of Bornean Cyrtandra are dealt with. Cyrtandra atrichoides, C. congestiflora, C. crockerella, C. dulitiana, C. kanae, C. libauensis, C. plicata, C. vaginata and C. disparoides subsp. inconspicua are newly described. Descriptions and discussion are provided for C. erythrotricha and C. poulsenii, originally published with diagnoses only. Cyrtandra axillaris, C. longicarpa and C. microcarpa are also described, while C. borneensis, C. dajakorum, C. glomeruliflora, C. latens and C. prolata are reduced to synonymy.

The new species Clinopodium jacquelinae (Labiatae) is described from Peru. Distribution and morphological variability of Clinopodium cylindrostachys are examined and discussed.

Until recently the genus Didymocarpus Wall. (Gesneriaceae) was used in an unwarrantably wide sense and included more than 180 species. It has now been remodelled and restricted to around 70 species. Of these, 18 species and one variety are known to occur in Thailand. To clarify the relationships among Thai species of Didymocarpus we sequenced the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) from a sample of 23 taxa, including 15 from Thailand, four from China, three from Malaysia and one from Bhutan. Seventeen morphological characters were coded for all 23 taxa and optimized onto a retention index (RI) reweighted maximum parsimony (MP) tree. The phylogenetic analyses suggested that Didymocarpus taxa formed a strongly supported monophyletic clade, with several supported subclades. The combination of molecular phylogeny and optimization of morphological characters suggests the presence of three distinct groups: the first, corresponding to Didymocarpus sect. Elati Ridl., includes plants with tall stems, yellow or white flowers and one-celled conoid or two-celled headed pigment glands; the other two groups, which represent Didymocarpus sect. Didymocarpus, both contain plants with dwarfed stems and violet or purple flowers, but are distinguished by the presence of both four-celled conoid or onecelled globose glands in one, and the absence in the other. Optimization of geographical locality onto the phylogeny led us to propose the hypothesis that, based on this sample, the geographical origin of Didymocarpus is the Malay Peninsula, and the ancestral corolla colour is white/yellow. Subsequent dispersal northward through southern and northern Thailand to China and Bhutan was accompanied by the evolution of a purple/violet corolla colour.

The new species Drypetes bakembei D.J.Harris & Wortley (Putranjivaceae), from tropical forest in the south west Central African Republic, is described and illustrated.

Podocarpus rotundus de Laub. (1978), which has been used for an extant species of Podocarpus L'Hér. ex Pers. from the Philippines and Kalimantan, is an illegitimate name, being published later than its homonym P. rotundus Bocharn. (1960) that has been used for a Palaeocene fossil pollen morphospecies described from Sverdlovsk Oblast in the Urals (Russia). For the species from the Philippines and Kalimantan, the replacement name Podocarpus ramosii is here proposed.

Four new species of Selaginella from Bolivia are described and illustrated: S. alampeta, a species from humid montane forests at 1200–1700 m that is most similar to S. flexuosa; S. arroyoana, a presumably poikilohydric species found on the walls of periodically dry stream beds and in fissures among rocks on Precambrian sandstone massifs at 750–900 m in eastern Bolivia; S. bryophila, an epiphytic species known only from the type collection made among mats of liverworts in humid montane rain forest, and S. chiquitana, from semideciduous forests at 800 m on a Precambrian sandstone massif in southeastern Bolivia.

Recent studies on molecular phylogeny of complex thalloid liverworts (Marchantiopsida) have revealed the need to recognize four new higher taxa: Family Neohodgsoniaceae, Order Neohodgsoniales, Order Lunulariales and Family Dumortieraceae. These are formally described along with notes on their differences from other complex thalloid liverworts.