Eria annapurnensis L.R.Shakya & M.R.Shrestha, a new species, and Gastrochilus calceolaris var. biflora L.R.Shakya & M.R.Shrestha, a new variety (both Orchidaceae), are described and illustrated from Annapurna Conservation Area, Central Nepal.

Distribution maps and IUCN threat categories for the 30 named species of Hieracium section Alpina (Asteraceae) in Britain are given, based on taxonomic and distribution studies by D.J. Tennant and others over the last 30 years. Twenty-seven taxa are endemic to Scotland, one to England, one to Britain and one also occurs in mainland Europe and the Arctic. There are three main centres of diversity in Scotland: the Eastern Highlands (especially the Cairngorm Mountains), the Western Highlands and the Northern Highlands. Under the IUCN threat categories, seven taxa are Critically Endangered, seven are Endangered, two are Vulnerable, ten are Near Threatened and seven are Nationally Scarce. The main threats are collecting, natural events such as rock falls and avalanches, global warming, acid rain, over-grazing and tourism. There is particular concern for the long-term survival of four taxa.

A key is given to distinguish Jamesbrittenia, Camptoloma and Lyperia from Sutera, a genus with which they have hitherto usually been equated. Twenty one species and one subspecies of Jamesbrittenia are newly described, and 63 new combinations are made (two at varietal level).

Populations of a rare species of Lalhyrus (Vicieae, Leguminosae), Lathyrus hirticarpus Mattatia & Heyn were located in Tartous province, Western Syria. A description and discussion of the relationship between this and allied species from Lathyrus L. sect. Lathyrus are provided.

Two new species of Campanula L. (Campanulaceae) from SW Anatolia are described and illustrated: Campanula yaltirikii H. Duman (sect. Tracheliopsis) and C. koyuncui H. Duman (sect. Rupestres).

Dracaena fragrans (L.) Ker Gawler is revised, similar species are critically compared and several of them, notably D. deremensis Engl. and D. deisteliana Engl. are reduced into synonymy. A formal classification with standard specimens for cultivated material currently in commerce is proposed.

Twenty-two species of Alpinia hitherto placed in sections Psychanthus and Pleuranthodium are transferred to the genus Psychanthus Ridley. The justification for the acceptance of Psychanthus, which is based on the cup-shaped character of the labellum is discussed, and the necessary new combinations made.

Xylopia parvifolia (Wight) Hook.f. & Thomson (Annonaceae), based on Patonia parvifolia Wight, is a tree species native to Sri Lanka and India. Unfortunately the widely used name is an illegitimate later homonym. Xylopia patoniae I.M.Turner is here proposed as an avowed substitute. There have been two proposals to lectotypify Patonia Wight. The earliest, and one to be followed, proposed Patonia parvifolia Wight as the lectotype, maintaining Patonia as a synonym of Xylopia. A later proposal to make Patonia walkeri Wight (≡ Diospyros walkeri (Wight) Gürke) the type has to be disregarded.

A new species of Rotala (Lythraceae) from India, R. kasaragodensis K.S.Prasad & Raveendran, is described and illustrated.

Two new species of Gentianaceae from Indo-China are described: Exacum darae Hul (Cambodia, Thailand) and Canscora bidoupensis Hul (Vietnam).

Details are given of several morphological characters that separate the Vietnamese endemic Begonia balansana from the more widespread south Asian B. handelii, with which it is often confused. Begonia prostrata is reduced to a variety of B. handelii. Descriptions are provided for B. balansana and for B. handelii and the closely affiliated and poorly known B. burkillii. Begonia balansana is illustrated. Begonia handelii var. prostrata is recorded as new to Vietnam, Laos and Thailand and B. burkillii as new to Myanmar.

Nineteen miscellaneous species of Bornean Cyrtandra are dealt with. Cyrtandra atrichoides, C. congestiflora, C. crockerella, C. dulitiana, C. kanae, C. libauensis, C. plicata, C. vaginata and C. disparoides subsp. inconspicua are newly described. Descriptions and discussion are provided for C. erythrotricha and C. poulsenii, originally published with diagnoses only. Cyrtandra axillaris, C. longicarpa and C. microcarpa are also described, while C. borneensis, C. dajakorum, C. glomeruliflora, C. latens and C. prolata are reduced to synonymy.

Ficus trivia Corner (Moraceae) is redefined, discussed, and compared with related species.

Towards a comprehensive revision of Gesneriaceae in Sri Lanka, 12 names are here typified, of which 11 are lectotypifications, including one second-step lectotypification, and the other is a neotypification.

A new species, Etlingera frederikii, is described and illustrated, and is the first record of the genus in the Bougainville Region. Etlingera frederikii and E. cevuga, which occurs in Fiji and Samoa, are the two most easterly species in the distribution range of the genus. The new species differs from Etlingera cevuga in its much larger leaves, with a conspicuously silky-haired band on the ligule; the smaller, narrowly ovoid to cylindrical inflorescence with pale brown bracts (not hemiglobose with reddish brown bracts); and fewer, smaller flowers.