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Displaced persons, returnees and ‘unsuitables’: the Dutch selection of DPs (1945–1951)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2018

Marlou Schrover  and
Tycho Walaardt
Marlou Schrover*
Affiliation:
Leiden University
Tycho Walaardt
Affiliation:
Ministry of Justice, Netherlands
*
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

After the Second World War, Dutch authorities allowed 8,000 displaced persons (DPs) to come to the Netherlands, but only 3,904 came, and 25 per cent of them returned to camp life in Germany. This article seeks to explain why debates on the DP issue changed so rapidly within a short period of time. In earlier publications, it has been claimed that ‘selling’ DPs as workers helped to solve the DP issue. This strategy did not work for the Netherlands. This article analyses how the DP issue was framed by organisations, the Dutch government, civil servants, the Dutch Homeland Security Department, newspapers and employers.

Personnes déplacées, rapatriés et «inadaptés»: la sélection néerlandaise des déplacés (1945–1951)

Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, les autorités néerlandaises ont permis à 8 000 personnes déplacées de s'installer aux Pays-Bas, mais seulement 3 904 personnes sont finalement venues dont un bon quart sont reparties en Allemagne, vivre en camp. Cet article tente d'expliquer pourquoi les débats sur le problème des personnes déplacées ont évolué rapidement et en si peu de temps. Dans nombre de publications antérieures, il a été avancé que la mise sur le marché des personnes déplacées comme travailleurs contribuait à résoudre le problème qu'elles posaient. Or cette stratégie n'a pas fonctionné pour les Pays-Bas. Les auteurs analysent la manière dont les organisations, le gouvernement hollandais, les fonctionnaires, le département néerlandais de la sécurité intérieure, les journaux et les employeurs ont traité le problème des personnes déplacées.

Vertriebene, heimkehrer und ‘ungeeignete’: die auswahl von vertriebenen in den niederlanden (1945–1951)

Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg erlaubten die niederländischen Behörden 8.000 Vertriebenen (displaced persons, DPs) die Einreise in die Niederlande, aber es kamen nur 3.904 Personen, von denen 25 Prozent in Lager in Deutschland zurückgingen. Dieser Beitrag versucht zu erklären, warum sich die Debatte über die Frage der Vertriebenen innerhalb einer kurzen Zeit so rasch veränderte. In früheren Veröffentlichungen ist behauptet worden, der ‘Verkauf’ von Vertriebenen als Arbeiter habe die Lösung des Vertriebenenproblems erleichtert. Diese Strategie funktionierte in den Niederlanden jedoch nicht. Der Beitrag analysiert, wie die Rahmenbedingungen der Vertriebenenfrage durch verschiedene Organisationen, die niederländische Regierung, die Beamten, das niederländische Heimatssicherheitsamt, Zeitungen und Arbeitgeber beeinflusst wurden.

Type
Research Article
Information
Continuity and Change , Volume 33 , Issue 3 , December 2018 , pp. 413 - 440
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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References

Notes

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164 Leeuwarder Courant, 20 September 1947.

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168 Tijd, 25 June 1947.

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171 Nieuwsblad van het Noorden, 5 February 1948.

172 NA 5/023/5026, no. 171, memo from minister of justice, 6 February 1948.

173 NA 5/023/5026, no. 402, memo from head of intelligence service, 23 May 1947.

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175 Nieuws, 19 April 1947; Leeuwarder Courant, 28 May 1948.

176 Leeuwarder Courant, 28 May 1948.

177 Nieuwsblad van het Noorden, 5 June 1948.

178 Tijd, 18 June 1948.

179 Tijd, 13 November 1948.

180 Waarheid, 23 June 1948; Peel en Maas, 23 July 1949.

181 Steenkool 2, 1948.

182 Steenkool 5, 1948.

183 PP, 22 June 1948, Question J. J. Kramer.

184 Waarheid, 5 May 1948.

185 Peel en Maas, 26 June 1948; ZNI, 22 June 1948, 2; Waarheid, 21 June 1948; Waarheid, 28 October 1948.

186 Zierikzeesche Nieuwsbode, 10 February 1949.

187 Steenkool 7, 1948.

188 NA IRO 2/05/31, no. 43, letter, 15 July 1948.

189 NA IRO 2/05/31, no. 43a, letter from the Regional Labour Exchange (RLE) Enschede to the National Labour Exchange, 10 August 1948.

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191 NA IRO 2/05/31, no. 43a, letter from IRO HQ, 12 November 1948.

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193 NA IRO 2/05/31, no. 49a, letter from the RLE to Sark, 18 May 1949.

194 Ibid.

195 NA IRO 2/05/31, no. 49, letter to Sark, 29 May 1949; and letter from Sark, 27 June 1949.

196 Tijd, 21 February 1950.

197 Leeuwarder Courant, 17 April 1951.

198 PP Senate 1950, Annex A budget 1950–1951 (1900), iv, 9–16.

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