The genetic load for major depressive disorder (MDD) may be higher in people who develop MDD earlier in life. This study aimed to investigate whether the parents of adolescents with MDD were more likely to have MDD, bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenic disorder (SZ), alcohol use disorder, or substance use disorder than the parents of adolescents without MDD. We also examined whether the response to antidepressant treatment predicted the likelihood of parental psychiatric disorders.

In all, 1,758 adolescents aged 12–19 years with antidepressant-resistant depression, 7,032 (1:4) age-/sex-matched adolescents with antidepressant-responsive depression and 7,032 (1:4) age-/sex-matched controls were included. Parental psychiatric disorders of individuals enrolled were assessed.

The parents of the adolescents with MDD were more likely to be diagnosed with MDD, BD, SZ, alcohol use disorder, or substance use disorder than the parents of the control group. The parents of adolescents who were antidepressant resistant and the mothers of adolescents who were either treatment resistant or treatment responsive were more likely to be diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder.

Our study demonstrated that parents of adolescents with MDD may be more likely to be diagnosed with MDD, BD, SZ, alcohol use disorder, or substance use disorder than parents of adolescents without MDD, suggesting the within-disorder transmission and cross-disorder transmission of these psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, the parent’s sex and the response to antidepressant treatment may affect the within-disorder transmission of MDD.

There is limited literature on associations between inflammatory tone and response to sequential pharmacotherapies in major depressive disorder (MDD).

In a 16-week open-label clinical trial, 211 participants with MDD were treated with escitalopram 10–20 mg daily for 8 weeks. Responders continued escitalopram while non-responders received adjunctive aripiprazole 2–10 mg daily for 8 weeks. Plasma levels of pro-inflammatory markers—C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17, interferon-gamma (IFN)-Γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and Chemokine C–C motif ligand-2 (CCL-2)—measured at baseline, and after 2, 8 and 16 weeks were included in logistic regression analyzes to assess associations between inflammatory markers and treatment response.

Pre-treatment IFN-Γ and CCL-2 levels were significantly associated with a lower of odds of response to escitalopram at 8 weeks. Increases in CCL-2 levels from weeks 8 to 16 in escitalopram non-responders were significantly associated with higher odds of non-response to adjunctive aripiprazole at week 16.

Higher pre-treatment levels of IFN-Γ and CCL-2 were associated with non-response to escitalopram. Increasing levels of these pro-inflammatory markers may be associated with non-response to adjunctive aripiprazole. These findings require validation in independent clinical populations.

Acute stress disorder, also known as acute stress response, refers to a transient mental disorder that occurs immediately after an individual experiences a sharp and severe traumatic event. Athletes are prone to encountering acute stress disorder during exercise, and failure to receive timely treatment can easily lead to the end of their sports career.

In order to analyze the correlation between the quality of public service in large sports venues and acute emergency disorders among sports personnel, the study used tools such as the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), and SPSS23.0. In addition, the study selected 70 athletes who had experienced sports injuries and divided them into a treatment group and a control group. Among them, the control group received medication with estazolam, while the public service quality of large sports venues was improved based on medication treatment in the treatment group. In addition, the treatment period for both groups of athletes was 4 weeks.

The results showed that the factors such as depression, terror, and anxiety in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), indicating that this indicator has statistical significance. In addition, there was a significant improvement in individual support utilization (P<0.05), which also indicates that this indicator has statistical significance.

Therefore, by improving the quality of public services in large sports venues, acute emergency barriers for sports personnel can be reduced.

Philosophy and Social Science Research in Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province (No. 2021SJA1923).

Approximately 40% of patients treated for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) do not respond to standard and second-line augmentation treatments leading to the exploration of alternate biological treatments. Continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) is a form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation inducing more rapid and longer-lasting effects on synaptic plasticity than the latter. To the best of our knowledge, only one recent study and a case report investigated the effect of cTBS at the supplementary motor area (SMA) in OCD.

This study aimed to examine the effect of accelerated robotized neuronavigated cTBS over SMA in patients with OCD.

A total of 32 patients with OCD were enrolled and randomized into active and sham cTBS groups. For active cTBS stimulation, an accelerated protocol was used. Bursts of three stimuli at 50 Hz, at 80% of MT, repeated at 5 Hz were used. Daily 2 sessions of 900 pulses each, for a total of 30 sessions over 3 wk (weekly 10 sessions), were given. Yale–Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Rating Scale (YBOCS), Clinical Global Impressions scale (CGI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) were administered at baseline and at end of weeks 3 and 8.

A total of 26 patients completed the study. Active cTBS group showed significant group × time effect in YBOCS obsession (P < .001, η2 = 0.288), compulsion (P = .004, η2 = 0.207), YBOCS total (P < .001, η2 = 0.288), CGI-S (P = .010, η2 = 0.248), CGI-C (P = .010, η2 = 0.248), HAM-D (P = .014, η2 = 0.224) than sham cTBS group.

Findings from our study suggest that adjunctive accelerated cTBS significantly improves psychopathology, severity of illness, and depression among patients with OCD. Future studies with larger sample sizes will add to our knowledge.

In today’s society, the prevalence of depression in China is increasing year by year. It will not only affect the quality of life of patients but also endanger their lives. The generation of depression is inseparable from long-term negative emotions, which are the feedback of deep mental and spiritual problems. Therefore, the exploration of depression should not be limited to the physiological and genetic levels, and it is also closely related to the traditional social culture. The ancient Chinese culture has an important enlightenment on the regulation of depression. For instance, Dongpo’s poems, with a bold and uninhibited style, conveys the poet’s optimistic and open-minded mood and enables readers to immerse themselves in a positive mood. Therefore, this experiment aims to explore the improvement effect of Dongpo’s poems on patients’ depression.

In the experiment, 34 students with depression screened by psychological tests in two universities were selected as the research objects, and they were equally divided into the experimental group (17) and the control group (17). The students in the control group were given general psychological counseling and care. On this basis, the students in the experimental group organized a weekly Dongpo word evaluation and exchange meeting, each lasting 90 minutes. The effect of depression was evaluated by the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), and the results were observed 8 weeks later.

Table 1 shows the improvement effect of depression of the two groups of students. It can be seen from the data in the table that the depression of 34 students has improved to some extent. Among them, the HAMD score and SDS score of students in the experimental group decreased significantly after the Dongpo poems intervention, and their scores were lower than those of the control group, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant.Table 1.

Comparison of HAMD and SDS scores between the two groups before and after intervention ($ \overline{x}\pm s $)

Long-term depression easily turns into depression, which is very likely to cause depression and seriously endanger life and health. People should keep a good positive mood and avoid depression. This experiment verified that Dongpo poems had a positive effect on improving negative emotions because of its open-minded and positive values. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the positive impact of ancient Chinese poetry on patients when exploring depression.

The management of elderly bipolar patients can become very complex due to higher prevalence of medical comorbidities and sensitivity to treatment-related adverse effects. One of the antiepileptic drugs used for their treatment, carbamazepine, has had a number of cognitive and psychomotor effects linked to it: deterioration in measures of information processing speed, and attention and faster motor skills after discontinuation, among others. The literature concerning them is quite sparse.

We report the case of a 75-year-old woman with bipolar disorder and unspecified cognitive impairment who was brought to the emergency department by her family due to global functional decline dating 3 weeks back.

The patient had been diagnosed and in treatment with bipolar disorder for 40 years. About 2 months before the current episode, because of the presence of tremor and family reports of marked functional decline (from being independent for daily life activities to being bound to a wheelchair and with worsening cognitive symptoms), the psychiatrist opted for a gradual switch from valproate to carbamazepine. During our interview, her husband pointed to the complete dose of 100 mg of carbamazepine 3 weeks ago as the onset of her current symptoms. The patient demonstrated clear psychomotor inhibition, with an absence of spontaneous movement and sporadic, almost monosyllabic, responses to only the simplest questions. Although aware that she was in a hospital, she could not recall its name and was completely disoriented in regards to time. Barely capable of emoting with her facial muscles, she denied feeling depressed and only acknowledged a stomachache. After spending the night in observation, and the suspension of carbamazepine, the patient experienced an improvement of her cognitive functions: although still not fully oriented in space and time, she could now speak in sentences and answer most of our questions. Even though she still maintained not being depressed, when pressed about any weird sensations she admitted to the feeling of being dead inside. The decision was made to transfer her to the psychogeriatric hospitalization unit.

The initial assessment of the patient was complicated due to a variety of factors. Beyond the physical comorbidities, the psychomotor inhibition impeded a thorough examination of her emotional state. Only the suppression of her evening dose of carbamazepine allowed for the diagnosis of Cotard-like major depressive symptoms. Even though the cognitive impairment was apparent before, the state of the patient was markedly improved with just the removal of carbamazepine and was confirmed by her family to be a lot closer to her base state of more than a month ago.

The use of anticonvulsant therapy in elderly bipolar patients with cognitive impairment can have important side effects. Further evidence of the prevalence and specific nature and frequency of its side effects is needed.

No Funding

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders with lifetime prevalence higher than that of schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. Inadequate response to available pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions is common in OCD. Adjunctive brain stimulation methods to address the inadequate treatment response in OCD have found a special interest in research. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of adjunctive deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) in ameliorating the symptoms of OCD and the effect of dTMS on activation of brain regions while performing the Stroop task using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

A total of 41 patients were assessed for the study out of which 15 OCD patients received 10 sessions of high-frequency dTMS using the H7 coil to target the anterior cingulate cortex and the medial prefrontal cortex over a period of 2 weeks. The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were used for the pre- and post-stimulation clinical assessment. fMRI was used to measure the activation of brain regions while performing the Stroop task.

There was a significant improvement in the obsessive-compulsive, anxiety, and depressive symptoms after the 2 weeks of the dTMS treatment. A significant decrease in the activation of left caudate nucleus and adjacent white matter was noted while performing the Stroop task after the dTMS treatment.

The study provides preliminary evidence for functional correlates of effectiveness of dTMS as an adjunctive treatment modality for OCD.

Limited studies have investigated cannabis use in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), despite its widespread use by patients with psychiatric illnesses. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency, correlates, and clinical impact of cannabis use in an Italian sample of patients with OCD.

Seventy consecutive outpatients with OCD were recruited from a tertiary specialized clinic. To assess cannabis-related variables, patients completed a questionnaire developed for the purpose of this study, investigating cannabis use-related habits and the influence of cannabis use on OCD symptoms and treatments. A set of clinician and self-reported questionnaires was administered to measure disease severity. The sample was then divided into three subgroups according to the pattern of cannabis use: “current users” (CUs), “past-users” (PUs), and “non-users” (NUs).

Approximately 42.8% of patients reported lifetime cannabis use and 14.3% reported current use. Approximately 10% of cannabis users reported an improvement in OCD symptoms secondary to cannabis use, while 23.3% reported an exacerbation of anxiety symptoms. CUs showed specific unfavorable clinical variables compared to PUs and NUs: a significant higher rate of lifetime use of tobacco, alcohol, and other substances, and a higher rate of pre-OCD onset comorbidities. Conversely, the three subgroups showed a similar severity of illness.

A considerable subgroup of patients with OCD showed a predisposition towards cannabis use and was associated with some specific clinical characteristics, suggesting the need for targeted consideration and interventions in this population.

Autism occurs in infancy. Its clinical symptoms are mainly social disorder, communication disorder, interest limitation, etc., and are accompanied by different degrees of intellectual development disorders. Cao’s kite was carved by descendants of the Kong Xiangze family according to the kite binding method recorded in Cao Xueqin’s works. The kite contains the pursuit and yearning for a better life inside, and its external patterns and composition features are quite attractive. Therefore, the research applies the souvenir design of Cao’s kite visual elements to the treatment of autistic children for clinical auxiliary diagnosis and treatment.

The more obvious externalization of autistic children is their picky eating behavior. Therefore, 30 autistic children were taken as the research object, of which 18 children were still treated in the traditional way as the control group, and the other 12 children were treated as the experimental group using the souvenir design of Cao’s kite visual elements as an auxiliary way of diagnosis and treatment. The mental health status was analyzed by observing the behavioral changes in their diet. A total of three experimental interventions were carried out to calculate the average number of nausea and retching during the three intervention periods, and SPSS20.0 statistical software was used to conduct statistics and analysis of relevant data. The results are shown in Table 1.Table 1.

The number of retching after intervention in two groups of autistic children

The picky eating behavior of autistic children is manifested by their tolerance to food, which will lead to the physiological manifestations of nausea and retching. In the experimental results, the number of times of retching of children in the experimental group decreased except the number of eggs, among which the number of leeks, melons, dried beans, soybean milk and steamed bread decreased to zero; The control group showed an upward trend. The results show that the assistant diagnosis and treatment method designed by the souvenir of Cao’s kite visual elements is effective in treating children with autism.

In addition to the problems of autistic temperament, the diet and health of autistic children are also the focus of clinical attention. The effect of traditional diagnosis and treatment is limited, and the effect is not obvious. The souvenir design of Cao’s kite visual elements, as an auxiliary diagnosis and treatment method with visual impact, has strong appeal among children’s patients, and can effectively alleviate the symptoms of children’s autism.

The importance of recognizing different kinds of autism spectrum presentations among adults, including subthreshold forms and the broad autism phenotype (BAP), has been increasingly highlighted in recent studies. Meanwhile, the possible involvement of immune system deregulation and altered methylation/trans-sulfuration processes in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is gaining growing attention, but studies in this field are mainly focused on children. In this framework, the aim of this study was to compare plasmatic concentrations of IL-6 and homocysteine (HCY) among adults with ASD, their first-degree relatives, and healthy controls (CTLs), investigating also possible correlations with specific autism symptoms.

Plasma concentrations of IL-6 and HCY were measured in a group of adult subjects with ASD, their first-degree relatives (BAP group), and healthy controls (CTL). All participants were also evaluated with psychometric instruments.

IL-6 and HCY concentrations were significantly higher in the ASD group than in CTLs, while BAP subjects reported intermediate results. Significant correlations were reported between biochemical parameters and psychometric scales, particularly for the dimension of ruminative thinking.

These findings support the hypothesis of a key involvement of HCY-related metabolism and immune system alteration in autism spectrum pathophysiology. HCY and IL-6 seem to show different associations with specific autism dimensions.

Bipolar disorder, also known as bipolar disorder, is a common mental disorder that combines manic or mild manic episodes with depressive episodes. With the development of society, the proportion of college students suffering from bipolar disorder is gradually increasing, which has a serious impact on their physical and mental health.

In order to analyze the impact of the inheritance of ethnic music culture and music education in universities on bipolar disorder among college students, the study selected 60 college students with bipolar disorder and randomly divided them into two groups, the research group and the control group, with 30 students in each group. The control group mainly used quetiapine for treatment, while the treatment group added psychological intervention therapy for ethnic music culture inheritance and music education based on drug treatment. The treatment cycle for both groups is one month. In addition, the study selected the Self Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and SPSS23.0 to evaluate the various conditions of patients.

The results showed that after treatment, the mental state and quality of life scores of both groups of students were increasing, and the scores of the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). In addition, there was a significant decrease in depression and anxiety scores in both groups of students, and the scores in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05).

From this, it can be seen that the inheritance of ethnic music culture and music education in universities are beneficial for alleviating the bipolar disorder of college students.

2022 High-level Talent Introduction of Nanchang Vocational University-level scientific Research start-up Project (Doctor) (No. 2022-2).

Prior research suggests that religiosity may be associated with healthier levels of mental health in certain domains (eg, higher self-esteem and lower rates of substance use problems). However, very little is known about religiosity and impulsive plus compulsive tendencies. This study examined associations between religiosity and impulsive and compulsive behaviors and traits among university students.

Nine thousand, four hundred and forty-nine students received a 156-item anonymous online survey which assessed religiosity, alcohol and drug use, mental health issues, and impulsive and compulsive traits. Two groups of interest were defined: those with high religiosity, and those with low religiosity, based on z-scores. The two groups were compared on the measures of interest.

Three thousand, five hundred and seventy-two university students (57.1% female) responded to the survey. Those with high levels of organizational religious activity, as well as those with high levels of intrinsic or subjective religiosity, differed from their fellow students in having better self-esteem, being less likely to have alcohol or drug problems, and generally being less impulsive in terms of attention and planning. Compulsivity did not differ between groups. Associations were of small effect size except for the link between religiosity and lower impulsivity, which was of medium effect size.

This study shows a link between higher religiosity and lower impulsivity, as well as higher levels of mental health across several domains. Whether these associations are causal—and if so, the direction of such causality—requires rigorous longitudinal research.

Functional movement disorder (FMD), the motor-dominant subtype of functional neurological disorder, is a complex neuropsychiatric condition. Patients with FMD also manifest non-motor symptoms. Given that patients with FMD are diagnosed based on motor phenotype, the contribution of non-motor features to the neuropsychiatric syndrome is not well characterized. The objective of this hypothesis-generating study was to explore potential novel, neuropsychiatric FMD phenotypes by combining movement disorder presentations with non-motor comorbidities including somatic symptoms, psychiatric diagnoses, and psychological traits.

This retrospective chart review evaluated 158 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of FMD who underwent deep phenotyping across neurological and psychiatric domains. Demographic, clinical, and self-report features were analyzed. A data-driven approach using cluster analysis was performed to detect patterns when combining the movement disorder presentation with somatic symptoms, psychiatric diagnoses, and psychological factors. These new neuropsychiatric FMD phenotypes were then tested using logistic regression models.

Distinct neuropsychiatric FMD phenotypes emerged when stratifying by episodic vs. constant motor symptoms. Episodic FMD was associated with hyperkinetic movements, hyperarousal, anxiety, and history of trauma. In contrast, constant FMD was associated with weakness, gait disorders, fixed dystonia, activity avoidance, and low self-agency. Pain, fatigue, somatic preoccupation, and health anxiety were common across all phenotypes.

This study found patterns spanning the neurological-psychiatric interface that indicate that FMD is part of a broader neuropsychiatric syndrome. Adopting a transdisciplinary view of illness reveals readily identifiable clinical factors that are relevant for the development and maintenance of FMD.

Palinacousis, the phenomenon in which sounds are internally perseverated or repeated has not heretofore been reported occurring exclusively to an individual’s own voice.

A 52-year-old woman started to experience auditory hallucinations of her voice at 3 years old when she began talking out loud. The auditory hallucinations of her own voice, yclept autopalinacousis, consisting of one to three words, were affectively neutral, rarely disruptive, and unchanged by psychiatric medications. During these palinacoustic phenomena, she would hear the last few words she had spoken out loud repeat inside her head in both ears. When the autopalinacousis occurred, the words were repeated just once. Sound quality was an exact replication of how it was originally spoken. She only experienced the palinacousis to her own voice and never to any other sounds. For the palinacousis to occur, she had to verbally state the words loud enough for her to hear. If she spoke out loud but could not hear her own voice, via occlusion of her external auditory canal or presence of loud noise, the internal auditory repetition would not occur. However, after the auditory stimulus was sensed, nothing could reduce the palinacousis. The palinacousis could occur if she read out loud, but not if she read silently. The frequency of the autopalinacousis ranged from a few times a week to several times a day and was associated with reduced sleep, but unaffected by mood, psychiatric medications, or headaches. Five months prior to her psychiatric hospitalization, she began to experience paranoid delusions, decreased sleep, increased activity, rapid speech, and auditory hallucinations of one male and two female voices. In contrast to autopalinacousis, these auditory hallucinations consisted of full phrases or sentences, were affectively charged, intrusive, and diminished by psychiatric medications. No palinacousis occurred with the hallucinated voices.

Abnormalities: Mental Status Examination: Speech: pressured. Oriented x2. Memory: ability to remember 5 digits forwards and 2 digits backwards. She is not able to spell with word “world.” Calculation ability: poor. MRI of brain with and without contrast: normal.

In cases where patients with psychotic illness experience palinacousis, the palinacousis always appear after the psychotic illness has already manifested, anywhere from less than a year to 15 years later. Our patient’s palinacousis presented almost 5 decades before the onset of her auditory hallucinations and paranoid delusions. Furthermore, her palinacousis only occurred to her own spoken voice and never to any other voices. In those who present with auditory hallucinations, query as to the presence and characteristics of palinacousis is warranted.

No Funding

Students majoring in art and design exhibit a more assertive personality, emphasizing their interests and hobbies while emphasizing their major over culture. They are easily suffering from cognitive impairment under the influence of professional characteristics, family environment, and growth experiences. The research added practical content of urban rail transit design to some content of art and design majors. It is to achieve intervention in cognitive impairment of art and design students.

Two classes of students majoring in design from art schools were selected as the research subjects and assigned to groups A and B. Group A adopts traditional art and design professional cognitive impairment treatment methods, while Group B participates in urban rail transit design practice for combined intervention. The experimental total lasted for six months, and the data were organized according to SPSS23.0. t-tests for comparison between the two sets of intervention pre and post were used.

After intervention, the perceptual-cognitive function score of Group B increased to 54.46 ± 6.68 points, and the perceptual-cognitive function score increased to 20.32 ± 1.97 points, significantly higher than Group A. At the same time, the quality of life score increased to 11.68, resulting in a significant improvement of 1.66 cases.

The combination of traditional treatment methods with urban rail transit design practices has an effective intervention effect on treating cognitive impairment in art and design majors.

The 2022 general topic of philosophy and Social Sciences in Colleges and universities in Jiangsu Province (No. 2022SJYB1204).

Increasing literature highlighted alterations of tryptophan (TRP) metabolism and kynurenine (KYN) pathway in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, no study specifically focused on adult samples. Meanwhile, several authors stressed the relevance of investigating neurobiological correlates of adult forms of ASD and of those subthreshold ASD manifestations frequently found in relatives of ASD probands, known as broad autism phenotype (BAP). This work aimed to evaluate circulating levels of TRP and metabolites of KYN pathway in a sample of ASD adults, their first-degree relatives and controls (CTLs), investigating also the correlations between biochemical variables’ levels and ASD symptoms.

A sample of ASD adults, together with a group of first-degree relatives (BAP group) and unrelated CTLs were assessed by means of psychometric scales. Circulating levels of TRP, KYN, quinolinic acid (QA), and kynurenic acid (KYNA) were assessed in all subjects.

ASD patients reported significantly higher total scores than the other groups on all psychometric scales. BAP subjects scored significantly higher than CTLs. ASD patients reported significantly lower TRP levels than BAP and CTL groups. Moreover, significantly lower levels of KYNA were reported in both ASD and BAP groups than in CTLs. Specific patterns of associations were found between autism symptoms and biochemical variables.

Our findings confirm in adult samples the presence of altered TRP metabolism through KYN pathway. The intermediate alterations reported among relatives of ASD patients further stress the presence of a continuum between subthreshold and full-threshold ASD phenotypes also from a biochemical perspective.

Separability disorder is also called hysteria, and its main manifestations are separation symptoms and conversion symptoms. Patients often have symptoms such as acute stress disorder and traumatic stress disorder. Infectious public health emergencies are unpredictable and have a wide range of impacts. In such cases, nurses are faced with intensive work, and their mental health is greatly damaged. What’s more, it will cause psychological diseases such as acute stress disorder and traumatic stress disorder. Therefore, it is necessary to organize psychological experts to form intervention teams and establish perfect intervention procedures so as to pay attention to the psychological health of nursing staff and to track and evaluate their psychological status.

The experiment randomly selected 46 nursing staff with dissociative disorder in sudden public health events, and divided them into an experimental group (23) and a control group (23). The patients in the observation group were given routine nursing care, and the experimental group added a team of psychological experts to intervene on this basis. During the intervention, attention should be paid to the construction of a good atmosphere and the maintenance of indoor lighting, temperature, humidity, and another comfortable physical environment. After 2 months of the experiment, the SAS and SDS scores of the two groups were observed.

Table 1 shows the comparison of SAS (Self-Rating Anxiety Scale) scores and SDS (Self-Rating Depression Scale) scores of patients with dissociative disorder in two groups of public health emergencies before and after the intervention. Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). After the intervention of the psychological experts, the scores of the two groups decreased, indicating that the patient’s condition had improved. However, the psychological status of patients in the experimental group was significantly better than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).Table 1.

Comparison of SAS and SDS scores between two groups before and after intervention ($ \overline{x}\pm s $)

Nursing staff in public health emergencies are prone to suffer from separation disorder due to the particularity of their occupation. Therefore, based on the topic of psychological health of nursing staff, the experiment proposed the method of establishing a team of psychological experts to intervene in the psychological health of front-line nursing staff. The final experimental results show that this method can indeed improve the probability of separation disorder among nursing staff.

Treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) includes pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, both of which have demonstrated short-term efficacy. While efficacious, there are limitations to both modalities of treatment. Due partly to these limitations, there has been considerable interest in additional approaches to augmenting ADHD management. Digital therapeutics may offer improved access, minimal side effects, and low potential for abuse, while providing targeted treatment options for improving cognitive functions such as attention. AKL-T01 (EndeavorRx®) is the first and only FDA-cleared nonpharmacological prescription digital therapeutic delivered through a video game interface for the treatment of ADHD.

The objective is to summarize the data from a clinical trial in support of FDA clearance using AKL-T01 adjunctively in children currently taking stimulant medication for ADHD.

The STARS-Adjunct Trial was a multicenter, 12-week, open-label study of AKL-T01 in 206 children aged 8 to 14 years with a confirmed diagnosis of primarily inattentive or combined-type ADHD. The study included two cohorts: (1) subjects currently treated with ADHD medication (n=130) and (2) subjects not on any ADHD medication (n=76). Subjects had an ADHD Impairment Rating Scale (IRS) score ≥3 at baseline, and both cohorts used AKL-T01 for approximately 25 minutes per day, 5 days per week, over two 4-week treatment periods separated by a 4-week treatment pause.

AKL-T01 significantly improved (lowered) ADHD-related impairment as measured with the IRS (clinician rated) after the first 4-week treatment in both cohorts (P< 0.001). Results show that effects persist during a 4-week treatment pause and further improve with a second 4-week treatment period. A majority of parents and children indicated a perceived improvement in ability to pay attention after the trial. Most common device-related adverse events were decreased frustration tolerance, headache, and irritability which ranged from mild to moderate. No serious adverse events were reported.

This study adds to and extends the clinical evidence base for AKL-T01, a video game-based treatment for improving attentional functioning in 8–12-year-old children with ADHD. Continued evaluation of the effects of AKL-T01 on other important aspects of functioning, like academic and social functioning, health utilization, and health outcomes, would continue to add to the evidence base that the effects observed in this and previous studies have substantial clinical and functional impact.

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