In 1975, the Bourassa government received legal advice that the James Bay Northern Quebec Agreement exceeded provincial jurisdiction. Legal counsel advised the constitutionality of the Agreement be secured through formal constitutional amendment. No such amendment was sought. Based on authorized access to Premier Bourassa’s archived dossier on the Agreement’s negotiation, this article sets out the following: 1) why the provincial government sought to encroach on federal jurisdiction; 2) the strategic means employed to insulate the Agreement from s. 91(24) litigation; and 3) provincial negotiators’ views on how judges would approach the Agreement going forward. This article confirms theoretical expectations about when governments might coordinate to transgress federalism’s division of powers: a high probability that courts would find a transgression occurred, and a high political cost should governments not coordinate on a transgression strategy.

Cette étude s’intéresse au discours des juges du Tribunal administratif du travail du Québec en matière de harcèlement sexuel à partir d’un échantillon de 12 décisions rendues entre 2014 et 2017. Dans la moitié des décisions analysées, les motifs du juge reposent sur une logique binaire. Des binômes (femmes/hommes; subjectivité/objectivité; émotionnalité/rationalité, etc.) se glissent dans l’appréciation de la preuve, perpétuant des mythes qui banalisent le harcèlement sexuel. Une logique binaire est généralement associée au rejet de la réclamation. En revanche, dans l’autre moitié des décisions, les motifs du juge prennent en compte le contexte ainsi que la complexité du harcèlement sexuel. Nos résultats illustrent comment le discours des juges sert soit à perpétuer, soit à remettre en question les stéréotypes négatifs relatifs au harcèlement sexuel des femmes au travail, et ce, dans un cadre juridique identique.

Cette étude examine les approches réglementaires de dix pays : la France, le Danemark, l’Australie, le Canada, les États-Unis, la Russie, le Japon, le Brésil, la Chine et l’Inde, relativement à la réglementation des antimicrobiens aux trois points d’entrée principaux dans le processus agricole, soit dans le cadre de la médecine vétérinaire, de la production agricole et de la vente des produits agricoles. Pour être efficace, la réglementation doit tenir compte du contexte dans lequel elle s’inscrit. Cette étude tente donc de tirer des leçons des dix juridictions ci-haut à la lumière des réalités qui entourent l’utilisation d’antimicrobiens dans les processus agricoles.

This essay examines surveillant practices that subject sex trade clients (“clients”) to socio-legal control. In particular, I employ the concepts of the gaze, voyeurism, and exhibitionism to unpack the surveillant dynamics, and consider how power and pleasure are harnessed, produced, and thwarted in the increasing scrutiny of the sex trade’s demand side. I further examine my own research of the regulation of clients within this analytical framework. Following David Lyon’s insights on the scopophilic dimensions of surveillance (2006), I argue that the instrumental goals of surveillance are interconnected with a voyeurism that gratifies the pleasures of looking at, categorizing, defining and making sense of, clients. Yet, bearing in mind the multi-directionality of the gaze, I also analyze the controlled exhibition of sex work signifiers, as information is not just gathered, but also displayed and performed.

This article examines the remedies available in Ontario to families whose children are identified as having special education needs, focusing specifically on the situation of the Francophone minority, which is often neglected in the research. Policies that promote an inclusive approach to education encourage parents and school personnel to work together to provide the best learning situations for all students. However, the literature and a search of the case law show that parents’ involvement is usually post facto, when parents challenge the services their children are receiving. The article first considers the policies that promote inclusive education in Ontario, and it looks also at the situation in Manitoba and New Brunswick, which were selected as comparisons because of the large Francophone minorities in those provinces. It then identifies the appeal procedures made available to parents in very specific situations. The article concludes with an analysis of cases that have been appealed, with an emphasis on appeals made by Francophone families to the Ontario Special Education Tribunal (OSET). The results show that there have been fewer appeals to OSET by Francophone families than by Anglophone families, and that a majority of the decisions have found for the school boards rather than for the parents. In addition, despite parents’ calls for a review of educational programming, OSET has chosen to examine only those decisions that relate to identification and placement of students. In this respect, the situation in Ontario differs from that in the two provinces used for comparison. Further, the forms of the remedies in the other two provinces differ from those in Ontario, where the proceedings have a high degree of formality but do not afford parents a better opportunity to be heard. The article concludes with a discussion of the effectiveness of the remedies for achieving the objective of inclusion.