Sevin (1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate) was first shown to have miticidal properties in 1957 when Allen et al. (1) found that it was moderately effective for the control oi the cyclamen mite, Steneotarsonmus pallidus (Banks), on strawberries. Subsequently it was demonstrated that Sevin would control the northern fowl mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum (C. and F.) (7, 8, 9), suppress the brown mite, Bryobia arborea M. and A. (18), and the peach silver mite, Vasates cornutus (Banks) (18), and practically eliminate the predacious mite, Typhlodromus rhenanus Oudms. (18). It is not toxic to the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (18), the desert spider mite, Tetranychus desertorum Banks (4), and the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus telarius (L.) (6, 15); usually the use of Sevin for insect control will increase the numbers of these mites, and in this respect its effect is similar to that of DDT.

Entomologists in Canada, especially in recent years, have made an extensive contribution to the study of northern insects. Some 70 field parties of the Northern Insect Survey have worked in almost as many stations in arctic and subarctic Canada and have gathered a great mass of specimens for the Canadian National Collection (Freeman, 1958, 1959). Many taxonomic studies of this material have been published, though almost of necessity they deal with only a small fraction of what is available. Some distinguished studies of the geography of northern insects have likewise been based on these collections, and figured prominently in the symposium on this subject at the International Congress of Entomology at Montreal in 1956. There has also been an extensive program of studies on the ecology and control of the northern biting flies, carried out by the staff of the former Veterinary and Medical Entomology Unit and their collaborators from the Universities. This program also has resulted in publications too numerous for individual mention (Twinn, 1950, 1952, 1955).

In a previous communication (Kellogg and Wright, 1962a), we have drawn attention to the role of warm wet convection currents in bringing about the alightment of Aedes aegypti after they have been stimulated to fly by human breath. In some of those experiments, copper bars were warmed at one end and cooled at the other and covered with dampened cloth, and the number of mosquitoes touching or alighting at various points along their length was counted. The results showed that the warm wet end was highly attractive.

In June 1922, Hearst Hall, the women's gymnasium on the Berkeley Campus of the University of California, burned to the ground. The heat therefrom caused the deaths of three fine specimens of Monterey Cypress growing nearby, thus setting the stage for a local episode in the interaction between a wood-wasp of the genus Sirex and a parasitic wasp of the genus Ibalia. This particular host-parasite interaction is a widespread one of very ancient origin. The 1922 episode of this interaction was manifested as soon as the three dead cypress trees lhad attained a condition which was particularly attractive to the females of Sirex and the females of Ibalia. The larvae of Sirex burrow in and feed upon the timber of coniferous trees; the larvae of Ibalia live parasitically within the Sirex larvae and ultimately destroy them.

The Douglas-fir engraver, Scolytus unispinosus Leconte, is a common bark beetle throughout the Pacific Coast and Rocky Mountain Region of North America. Although it occasionally kills young trees (Chamberlin, 1939), it is of minor economic importance, usually confining its attack to tops, limbs and logging slash. In standing timber it acts primarily as a secondary insect, attacking the tops and branches of trees killed or severely weakened by other agents. In the interior of British Columbia it is commonly found in Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, and thus it is of interest as an associate of the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk. Two other bark beetles Pseudohylesinus nebulosus (Leconte) and Scolytus tsugae (Swaine) with similar associations were studied earlier (Walters and McMullen, 1956; McMullen and Atkins, 1959).

In 1957, a program of introducing insect predators for control of the balsam woolly aphid, Chermes (= Adelges) piceae Ratz., was begun in Oregon and Washington. This program was made possible through the generous cooperation of the Canadian Department of Agriculture, which provided many of the predators. Eighteen predator species from Europe, Asia, and Australia were liberated from 1957 through 1960. Four of the species are known to have survived one or more winters and show promise of becoming permanently established.

The apple sucker, Psylla mali Schmidb., was first noticed in large numbers in Nova Scotia in 1919 and within a few years populations were dense in apple orchards throughout the Annapolis Valley (Dustan, 1924a). Dustan (1924b) and Gilliatt (1924) reported that a disease caused by Entomophthora sphaerosperma (Fresenius) was prevalent among adult apple suckers during this infestation. A decline in numbers followed this early infestation due, it was thought, to the fungus. However, about the time that this early infestation declined sulphur was introduced as a fungicide. General use of sulphur continued until about 1950 and the insect was not a serious pest during this period. This association of low density of the apple sucker with the use of sulphur and the general increase in numbers of the apple sucker after the organic fungicides, ferbam, captan, glyodin, etc. became common in Nova Scotia, led to the belief that sulphur rather than E. sphaerosperma had been largely responsible for the decline of the early infestation in the 1920's.

The predators of phytophagous mites are being studied at Vineland Station as part of an investigation of the causes underlying the increase of these mites that foIlows the use of DDT and some orher pesticides in peach orchards (Putman and Herne, 1959). Phytoseiid mites, especially Typhlodromus (T.) caudiglans Schuster, are among the commoner predators.

In recent years, Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) and other entomogenous spore-formers have received increased interest in view of their great potential for insect control. These insect pathogens are generally known as “microbial insecticides” and are so-called because of a spore-associated protein crystalline inclusion which have been shown to be toxic for some insects (Angus 1956). Krieg (1961) lists some one hundred insects, mainly Lepidoptera, which are susceptible to Bacillus thuringiensis and closely related bacteria.

Two principal pests of apple and peach trees in southwestern Ontario are the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), and the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus telarius (L.). Usually only P. ulmi is present on the trees in large numbers during the spring and early summer, at which time T. telarius lives predominantly on the ground cover. In August, many T. telarius move from the ground cover to the trees, and large numbers of both species may then be present. In mite control investigations in an apple orchard at the Harrow Research Station, T. telarius moved onto the trees, especially in the central plots, regardless of the acaricides previously applied or the numbers of P. ulmi that were or had been present. This phenomenon posed the question of whether the residual effects of acaricides applied to the trees were mainly responsible for the size of P. ulmi populations in the central plots, or whether competition resulting from the ingress of T. telarius was partially responsible.

The larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), has been under observation in Manitoba and Saskatchewan since early in the present century. Recorded observations were somewhat fragmentary until 1937; since then systematic and detailed annual reports have been provided by the Forest Insect Survey and since 1948 intensive ecological and life table studies have been conducted by staff of the Winnipeg Laboratory at the Whiteshell Forest Reserve, Manitoba.

Folsomia candida was formerly regarded as being synonymous with F. fimetaria (Linnaeus, 1758), but according to Stach (1947) this is incorrect, F. candida being considered a good species with the following synonyms: Isotom fimetaria var. caldaria Axelson, 1905; Isotoma (Folsomia) fimetaria var. caldaria Axelson, 1905; Folsomia fimetaria var. caldaria (Axelson) Linnaniemi, 1912; Folsomia kingi Bagnall, 1939; Folsomia distincta Bagnall, 1939; Folsomia caldaria (Axels.) Bagnall, 1939.

Five new species are described in the present paper. All of these represent extensions of the known range for the genus. All have nine-segmented antennae, two having a three-segmented club, one a four-segmented club, and wo 3 five-segmented club. The latter three, all of which occur in Sonora, are of particular interest, since they are the first species with more than three segments in the antennal club known to occur outside of Baja California.

Prebble and Graham (1957) reported that initial flights of the ambrosia beetle, Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.), occur from late March to early May depending on the time of rapid rise in maximum daily temperature. Flight and attack activity was investigated near Cowichan Lake, B.C., by Chapman and Kinghorn (1958). They concluded that the first heavy attack flights could be expected when the air temperature rose above 60°F. (15.6°C.) after most of the snow had melted. The amount of snow cover and altitude were found to affect time of flight.

The role of warm wet air currents in guiding Aedes aegypti to a host has been described (Kellogg and Wright, 1962a), and it has been shown that a repellent vapor interferes with this guidance (Kellogg and Wright, 1962b). The purpose of this paper is to apply accepted physical principles to the problems which an insect must solve if it is to derive useful information from warm wet convection currents, and to look for ways that a repellent vapor might interfere with the process. This is justifiable even though the conclusions may not correspond in all respects to the mechanisms actually used by the insect, as long as it shows what is in fact physically possible and suggests fruitful lines of enquiry.

Un piège à fosse construit sur le même principe que celui décrit récemment par Doane (1961), mais plus simple de fabrication et d'emploi, nous a donné d'excellents résultats lors d'une enquête préliminaire sur les Carabidés associés à diverses cultures de la région de Belleville.

L'appareil (Fig. 1) se compose principalement d'un entonnoir (C) inséré dans un cylindre (B) et conduisant à une bouteille (D) où sont retenus les insectes. Une boite à conserves de 48 onces dont on a enlevé les extrémités sert de cylindre. Enfoncé jusqu'à son rebord supérieur dans le sol, il prévient l'effondrement des parois de la cavité où sont disposées les autres pièces du piège.

The present work was predominantly stimulated by Moore (1953, 1957) in his studies on the functions of dragonfly territoriality. The objective of this study has been to describe the territorial behavior of Hetaerina americana males and to obtain quantitative information on its function by the capture mark recapture method. Population analyses by marking and recapturing have made possible the calculation of many factors of ecological importance. Flying insects have received especial attention from Dowdeswell, Fisher, and Ford (1940) and Fisher and Ford (1947) for the Lepidoptera and from Jackson (1948) for the tsetse-fly. Borror (1934) was among the first to utilize marking methods for studies on the Odonata. Several investigators have since used such methods for these insects. Corbet (1952) has shown the Odonata to be quite suitable for quantitative study by these methods. Observations on territoriality were made from March to August, 1960, on the San Marcos River, San Marcos, Texas, the San Marcos River, Palmetto State Park, Texas, the San Gabriel River, Georgetown, Texas, and on the Colorado River, 15 miles west of Austin, Texas. The population study was also carried on at the latter habitat in the summer of 1960 from July 4 to August 2 in which 340 individuals were marked and a total of 396 recaptures were recovered.

During his study of the ecology of red pine plantations, Mr. J. L. Martin, Forest Insect Laboratory, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, found a species of Laspeyresia feeding as larvae under the bark of living trees. This species is described here to enable him to report on the results of his investigation.

Laspeyresia resinosae, new species

Antenna, head, thorax, and abdomen powdery-grey. Basal half of forewing grey; outer half blackish, with cupreous reflections, the tips of the scales ochreous; outer three-fifths of costa with four pairs of silvery-white geminations; the basal pair of geminations fuse into a single, angular, transverse, shiny-leaden fascia, that extends to the trailing margin just beyond the middle; a similar fascia arises from the second costal geminations, and extends only to the fold; a third leaden fascia arises from the apical geminations, extends irregularly to the tornus, and is broken into three almost equal sections; the central portions of the second and third fasciae are narrowly margined with a few black scales, representing a very poorly defined ocelloid patch; outer margin with a very distinct black line basad to the shiny leaden fringe; the black line cut by three white dashes, two opposite the breaks in the outer, transverse fascia, and the third at the tornal end of that fascia. Hind wing powdery-grey; fringe dirty-white with darker basal line. Under-surface and legs silvery-grey. Tarsi black banded. Wingspread: 9.5-10.5 mm. Moth in late June and early July.

Incidence of damage to needles of Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, by larvae of gall midges has been noted in British Columbia since 1935. In 1953 severe midge damage to Douglas fir occurred in sections of British Columbia, Washington, Idaho and Montana. Outside of brief and general reference to these gall midges in literature and in unpublished notes, almost nothing was known of their biology, and the species remained undescribed. Relatively little interest has been shown these insects until recent years, when severe infestations in southeastern British Columbia affected the sale of Douglas fir for use as Christmas trees.

It has been observed (4) that when the first attacks of Dendroctonus monticolae Hopkins and D. brevicomis LeConte were successfully established on ponderosa pines, the trees were subsequently invaded by a large number of beetles. This abrupt rise in the attack intensity has been termed the “mass attack”. In the absence of successful initial or “pioneer” attacks the mass invasion did not occur. The successful establishment of initial attacks and the occurrence of the subsequent mass attack were found to be correlated with low oleoresin exudation pressure (o.e.p.) of the trees observed.