The effect of attack by the ambrosia beetle Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) on log attractiveness was studied using "greenhouse" cages, in which solar heating causes release of odor-bearing air beneath glass-barrier traps. In all eight replicates of a test, attack by female beetles was followed by a marked increase in attractiveness of logs. This "secondary" attraction was strong within 2–3 days after attack, continued for many weeks if females remained alone, but disappeared following mating.

Evidence is provided that an obligatory pupal diapause is controlled by photoperiod. Diapause in H. cecropia is induced and maintained by a 12-hour photoperiod, and prevented or terminated by a 17-hour photoperiod; in either case, the incidence of diapause is graded according to the developmental stage at which the light regime is imposed. The validity of the distinction between "facultative" and "obligatory" diapause is discussed in the light of these results.

Pairs of Melanoplus sanguinipes and M. bivittatus were reared in cages and the eggs produced by each female were counted. M. sanguinipes laid an average of 328.7 eggs per female, 9.4 eggs per day, and an average of 21.8 eggs per pod. M. bivittatus laid an average of 354.9 eggs per female, 11.0 eggs per day, and 43.3 eggs per pod. M. sanguinipes produced a pod every 2.3 days and M. bivittatus one every 3.9 days. Feeding M. sanguinipes only every second day approximately doubled the longevity and oviposition period but halved the number of eggs per day.

The winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.), and the Bruce spanworm moth, O. bruceata (Hulst), may be readily distinguished by differences in the male genitalia and the length of the vestigial wings of the female.

Mosquito larvae tagged with radioactive P32 were released in woodland pools to identify their predators. Fourteen of 38 species of aquatic insects collected had ingested tagged Aedes. The leading predators were Dytiscidae and one species each of Gyrinus, Gerris, Callicorixa, and Asynarchus. Records are new for Asynarchus sp., Callicorixa audeni Hung., Dytiscus sp., Gerris buenoi Kirk., and Ilybius discedens Shp. The mosquito predator fauna at Cordova Mines and that of previously studied pools at Chatterton, Ontario, are compared.

The parasitic tachinid Drino bohemica Mesn. preferred the odour of old to that of new growth on the food plant of its preferred host. The new growth directly and indirectly influenced host-finding and host selection by the parasite.

Plocamaphis Oestlund is composed of aphids chat live mostly on the roots and underground portions of the stems of species of Salix L. and of Populus L. The group is mainly Nearctic where seven of the eight known species occur. Three of the Nearctic species, bradleyi, bulbosa and ontarioensis, are described as new. P. amerinae (Hartig) is the only Palaearctic species known. P. flocculosa (Weed) is known to occur in Europe and North America and is probably Holarctic, although records from Siberia are lacking.

Four of ten common varieties of cabbage tested at Ottawa from 1960 to 1963 were slightly or moderately resistant to Hylemya brassicae. Red Acre was the most resistant and Viking Golden Acre the most susceptible of the ten. Red Acre and Danish Ballhead were damaged less than Viking Golden Acre and harbored fewer maggots. Market Topper and Jersey Wakefield were also damaged less than Viking Golden Acre but harbored as many maggots. Resistance in Red Acre and Danish Ballhead was evidently due chiefly to low-attractiveness, and in Jersey Wakefield and Market Topper to tolerance. Differences in plant height and width, either between or within varieties, had little effect on the numbers of eggs laid on the plants. Of the Hylemya specimens identified, 99% of the eggs, 89% of the larvae, and 83% of the pupae were of H. brassicae and the remainder were of the H. liturata-platura complex.

The serological relationships of the larvae of a number of species of bark beetles and weevils were examined. There appeared to be no clear serological separation between the two families as represented by the test species. However, certain relationships indicated in this preliminary study suggest that more extensive testing might be useful in evaluating the current constitution of the families Curculionidae and Scolytidae. In the meantime, it is anticipated that this technique can be useful in several discrete taxonomic problems now being investigated in the family Scolytidae.

The species of Megathopa, Canthon, and Deltochilum included in the Biologia Centrali-Americana are discussed, information on distribution is included, and references affecting the status of some of the species are cited. Lectotypes are designated for Canthon lamprimus Bates, Deltochilum parile Bates, Deltochilum gibbosum sublaeve Bates, Deltochilum lobipes Bates, and Deltochilum scabriusculum Bates. The following new species and subspecies are described: Canthon morsei from Veracruz, Mexico, Canthon coahuilenis from Coahuila, Mexico, Deltochilum gibbosum panamensis from Bocas del Toro, Panama, Deltochilum scabriusculum montanum from Sonora and Sinaloa, Mexico, and Deltochilum tumidum from Mexico, Morelos, and Sinaloa, Mexico.

DDT, parathion, and carbaryl experimentally applied in peach orchards were highly toxic to most insect and arachnid predators, including those most effective in controlling orchard mites. Azinphos-methyl appeared to be as toxic as parathion to predators in grower-sprayed orchards. Larvae of the chrysopid Chrysopa carnea Stephens and the syrphid Toxomerus geminatus (Say) were remarkably tolerant of DDT. The phytoseiid mite Typhlodromus caudiglans Schuster appeared to have developed a high degree of resistance to DDT in one orchard. Sulphur was appreciably toxic only to phytoseiids and the erythraeid Balaustium sp., and captan had little or no effect on any predator. Chemical and biological control of phytophagous mites in peach orchards cannot be integrated while the presently used insecticides are needed for the control of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck).

St. Helen's Island, the site of Trichoptera studies in 1964 and 1965, is described. The Trichoptera encountered are listed, and taxonomic notes given where appropriate. Catches from a light-trap operated nightly in each year provide information for the different species concerning: relative abundance, frequency and seasonal range of occurrence, pest status, and sex ratio. Of the 99 species recorded, eight were classified as pests (causing a nuisance at light), six having this status in both years; together these eight species made up 87.6% of the seasonal total in 1965. Between late May and late September 1965, when large numbers arrived at light (median nightly catch ca. 3 × 103), a nuisance occurred on about one third of nights. Excluding Psychomyia flavida, of which only females were taken at light, most species showed a slight preponderance of males, but sex ratios varied widely according to species, year and night of capture.

Field-rearing studies of Camnula pellucida (Scudder) conducted at Saskatoon from 1960 to 1962 indicated that marked differences often occurred in rate of development, survival and fecundity because of differing weather patterns. Grasshoppers usually developed more rapidly as they hatched later in the season when temperatures were rising. In addition, striking differences occurred in growth rates of grasshoppers hatched on similar dates in different years due to sharply contrasting climatic conditions. Although survival of nymphs was generally high, mortality was consistently greatest during early nymphal life. Precipitation or excessively hot weather during this period increased mortality considerably, yet did not affect the older nymphs. Survival of adults was also generally high whether they fledged early or late in the season. They were able to endure very high temperatures during mid-summer or below freezing temperatures during late autumn. The three-year average reproductive capacity of this grasshopper was approximately eight egg-pods or 176 eggs per female. The rate of oviposition varied with temperature, reaching a maximum per female of approximately one pod every four days during mid-summer when temperatures were high and declining thereafter as temperatures dropped. The average egg-pod contained 22.13 eggs which showed a tendency to increase as adults fledged later in the season.

It is suggested that climatic conditions frequently play a decisive role in the short-term modification of grasshopper infestations as well as in the long-term cyclic rise and fall in populations; consistently favourable or unfavourable conditions throughout the grasshopper cycle could result in an explosive outbreak or in almost complete elimination of any threat to the crop.

Sequential sampling, in which decisions depend upon the accumulated results of a series of observations, leads to considerable saving of time and money. A sequential plan, based on the negative binomial distribution and providing for population estimates in three infestation categories, was drawn up for use in control of the imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (L.), on cabbage. An appraisal of the plan under field conditions showed that it reduced the sampling time by 75% while rating the infestation correctly in 94 of 100 cases. With the six discrepancies, population means lay between the limits set for the infestation categories.

A method of mounting Diptera, Lepidoptera and other insects preserved in alcohol is described.

A new species of sawfly, Allantus umbonatus, that occurs on Betula papyrifera Marsh, in central Canada is described and compared with A. cinctus (Linnaeus) and A. basalis (Klug).

A larva with an extra proleg was collected near Orangeville in southern Ontario by A. A. Harnden, of the Forest Insect Survey, on 13 August 1964. The species was Anchylopera burgessiana Zeller, a leaf folder on red oak, Quercus rubra L.

An abnormal larva reported previously (Lindquist 1964) had twin anal prolegs on a common base. The specimen reported here has a complete supernumerary proleg situated between the normal anal pair (Fig. 1). The extra appendage has 27 crotchets arranged in a complete circle. It resembles the prolegs on abdominal segments 3–6, although these bear about 42 crotchets also arranged in a circle. Crotchets on the normal anal pair of prolegs number 25 and 29.

Structures of the female genitalia of four species in the genus Cicindela are described and illustrated, and their taxonomic importance is discussed. The presence of a spermatophore in C. flavopunctata is discussed.

The transmission of nuclear polyhedrosis virus in populations of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria (Hübner), was studied in Sudbury district, Ontario. Virus was transmitted from generation to generation by infected adults. Their progeny died from virus disease during the second and third larval instars. Adult flies of Sarcophaga aldrichi Parker, a dipterous parasite, were attracted to these dead, diseased larvae, became contaminated with virus, and spread the virus to foliage on which healthy larvae were feeding. The importance of these disseminating agents in the development of virus epizootics is discussed.

A worker-like gynandromorph and worker honey bee (control) were observed for similar periods each day from age 4 to 26 days. The gynandromorph behaved more like a worker than a drone bee.