Egg.—Obovoid, the base a little flattened, and under the middle thereof is a slight rounded protuberance of lesser diameter; surface smooth; color greenish-white. Duration of this stage 4 to 6 days.

Young Larva.—Length .13 inch; cylindrical; head twice as broad as any other segment, body tapering slightly from 2 to 13; each segment from 3 to 12 several times creased, making 6 flat ridges, of which the foremost one is broadest, and on this and the fifth ridge each is a minute tubercle and rather long white hair, bent forward, the whole series forming two subdorsal rows, one a little below the other, from 3 to 13; on the middle of side a similar row, one hair to each segment and placed on the second ridge, all of them bent forward; lower down a third series, one to each segment, placed on the fourth ridge, all bent down and back; two short hairs over each pro-leg; on segment 2 are four long hairs on each side, nearly in line, two being subdorsal, the others lateral; on 13 are four hairs in cross row, all curved back, and one on either side behind these; this segment is roundly excavated at extremity, making on either side a sharp point, which sends back a straight hair; color of body whitish-yellow, in a few hours changing to pale green; head sub-globose, flattened and depressed at top, broadest at base, a little broader than high, the vertices rounded, and on each a slight protuberance, with long curved hair; a similar hair a little below and nearer the suture, and two rows of shorter hairs across face, four in upper, six in lower row; surface corrugated; color yellow, somewhat brown-tinted. Two days later, as the body was changing to green, the head changed to yellow-green. Duration of this stage 6 to 8 days.

Copæodes Wrighth.

Male.—Expands .9 inch.

Upper side yellow-ochre color; costal margin of primaries black on the edge, and hind margins of both wings edged black, scarcely more than a line; costal margin of secondaries broadly bordered black; the ends of the nervules on primaries edged black for a little distance; on the disk a black sexual narrow bar, broken into three parts, and crossing obliquely the lower median and submedian interspaces; fringes pale black shading into whitish.

Under side pale yellow-ochre of one shade; a little dusky near base of primaries, otherwise immaculate.

Egg.—Diameter .03 inch. Shape globular, the base rather broad, the sides ribbed longitudinally, 12 of these ridges which reach the apex alternating with twice as many more of different lengths. The ridges are connected by slender cross bars, the transverse sides of the included spaces being longer than the longitudinal. The small apical space is punctured. Color white. Duration of this period, 4 days.

Young Larva.—Length .07 of an inch. Color pale grayish-white, a little pinkish on the anterior part. Head and top of joint 1 black. Piliferous spots small, black, the gray hairs arising from each a little longer than the diameter of the body. Legs 16, but the first and second pairs of abdominal, short so that the middle of the body is arched a little in walking. After eating the color of the body is pale grayish green. The piliferous spots, or at least the thoracic, in a single transverse row to each joint. Duration of this period, 8 days.

After the description of this species in the Jan. No. was in type, I received a letter from Mr. A. G. Butler, to whom I had sent an example, with request to be informed if it was Tarpeia, spoken of in his Catalogue of Satyridæ as being N. American. Mr. Butler writes: “Your Chionobas is very distinct from C. Tarpeia; the latter comes nearer to C. Chryxus, being quite a fulvous species, with blind ocelli on under surface.

The earth covered by its first mantle of snow reminds one that the collecting season is virtually ended, and the lengthening evenings allure one to the study fireside to go carefully over note books and collections and to read the recorded labors of fellow Entomologists.

A few memoranda from my own note book may perhaps not be barren of interest to some of the less experienced readers of the Entomologist. I find that almost the first insect of spring was the Mud-wasp, Polestes annulatus, which appeared with a few flies and spiders about the 15th of March. This wasp is very abundant here, and from the pulverized macadam of the streets thousands of its mud cells are constructed every summer under the window-sills and numerous cornices of the Parliament Buildings, about which the wasps linger until the end of October. Toward the end of March a few bees and a number of small beetles, as Amarainterstitialis, appeared.

A few notes as to the habits and whereabouts of this inhabitant of the rapids of Niagara may perhaps be of interest to such collectors as may visit this locality the coming season. This interesting beetle being but rarely represented in collections, I felt induced to make extra exertions during a few hours sojourn there last August, to find it, and was finally rewarded by finding it in numbers. Although my time did not allow me to reap the benefit of my discovery, still if others are enabled to Profit by these notes, the result will be the same.

By turning over the small rocks which lie in the small rapids close by the Goat and Sister Islands, the flat, crustacean-like larvæ will be found in great numbers adhering tightly to the under surface in all stages of development, and it is here one would naturally look for the perfect insect, but only to be disappointed.

Sub-genus Therisplectes.—“Eyes pubescent; ocelligerous tubercle more or less distinct; eyes (female) with three or four bright green or bluish cross-bands.”

T. Californicus, n. sp. Length 17 mm. Eyes pubescent, with thin purplish bands. Front yellowish-gray; callosity nearly square, brownish, shining, prolonged above; ocelligerous tubercles brownish-black on a black spot. Face and cheeks grayish with white hairs. Palpi yellowish white with small black hairs, Antennæ reddish; annulate portion of third joint black; upper angle prominent. Thorax grayish-brown with the usual gray stripes and golden yellow pubescence; humerus reddish; pleura and pectus grayish with long white hairs. Abdomen brownish-black, sides of first four segments brownish-yellow, which color leaves a row of black irregular spots in the middle, largest on the second segment and smallest on the third; also dark oblique spots on lateral margins. Venter yellowish with yellow pubescence; darker on the last three segments. Femora black, brownish at the tip; front tibiæ dark brown, proximal end lighter; second and third tibiæ darker toward the tip; tarsi dark brown. Wings byaline; costal cell light brown; faint clouds in cross-veins and bifurcation of third vein.

Egg.—Diameter, .03 inch. Globular in shape, slightly flattened at the base, the apex having a punctured space but no depression; a series of longitudinal ridges from near the base, 20 of which reach the apical space. As these ridges are the same distance apart, there are between those reaching the apex several shorter ones, the number not noted. The depressions between the ridges show slight punctures. Color pale green. Duration of this period 5 days.

Young Larva.—Length .15 inch, slender, 12 legs, the first and second pair of pro-legs mere points. A looper in motion. Color of the middle of the body from joint 2 to 11 pale dull yellow, with a slight leaden hue; head, joint 1 and the anal joint slightly reddish, these parts lacking the leaden hue. All the feet pale. Hairs arising from piliferous spots gray. Head about one third broader than the body. Duration of this period 3 days.

After twenty years work on North American Moths, and being more or less constantly employed in determining material, I find my time so taken up with it that it excludes other occupation. From this fact, and the expense and time demanded by the necessary correspondence, I am obliged to make a charge for my labor.

I have indicated in this short paper where the types of my Geometrid species are to be found, to the best of my knowledge, and I have given such additional information as I am possessed of with regard to the species. I have followed the classification of Dr. Packard, except in a few instances where I have found reasons to prefer other names. I refer to my paper, Can. Ent., 8, 152, for a review of the synonymy of certain species. Two species, one described by Dr. Harvey (viz., Endropia Warneri), have been re-named by Dr. Packard, who calls Dr. Harvey's species Apiciaria. As to whether we must put the terminations aria and ata (accordingly as the ♂ antennæ are pectinate or not) I cannot attempt to decide. I think it is advisable to bear this rule in mind when naming species, but I would not change therefore any names already in use. Especially do I think it unadvisable to place the termination after a proper name. I should call the Endropia, E. Warneri, not E. Warneraria.

After a comparison of my types with Mr. Walker's, Mr. A. G. Butler writes me that Walshii Edw., as taken by Prof. Snow in Kansas, is the same as Functura of Walker. The form which has been taken about Albany and which is exactly like Unijuga, but differs by the band being a little narrower on hind wings and not quite so continuous, is an unnamed variety of Unijuga. It follows from this that my Arizonœ is certainly not Walshii, as suggested by certain parties. Mr. Neumoegen has received it in quantity from Arizona. The form taken by Belfrage in Texas, and distributed as Walshii, may be the same as Arizonœ, and should be carefully compared with Arizonian specimens.

The species of this genus already described from North America are as follows:

1. S. rudbeckiœ, Fitch.

2. “ambrosiœ, Thomas.

3. “rosœ, Reaum. A variety of this species I find here on cultivated roses and on the wild Cherokee rose. It differs very considerably from Prof Thomas' description, and may be known as S. floridœ.

I submit following description:

S. rosœ, var. floridœ, n. s.

Wingless female.—Length .07 inch. Elongate ovate; pale shining green; eyes red; beak very pale and short, not reaching to middle coxæ, widening before tip, tip black; antennæ 7-jointed, reaching to base of honey-tubes, annulated with brownish-red at joints; honey-tubes long, reaching beyond tip of abdomen, pale greenish, very slightly infuscated at tip; style short, conical, pale green; legs uniform pale green, feet very slightly infuscated.

Nearly a year ago my attention was especially called to the insects which prey upon woolen fabrics, and which are generally known as “clothes moths.” In going over the literature of the subject at that time and comparing it with the notes which I had made from time to time, I became convinced that what we have in our books pertaining to these insects is very imperfect and faulty, and that there was need of a thorough revision. This held true, not only of the species which destroy clothing, but also of many other species in the family Tineidœ.

I therefore obtained, by purchase and otherwise, as large a collection as possible from all parts of the United States—over twelve hundred specimens—and sent them to Lord Walsingham, in England, for comparison with the European species. This collection has just been returned to me, and the notes and descriptions which his lordship has made on it will soon appear in the Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.

In my paper on L. Arthemis and its alleged second brood, in Dec., 1881, I stated that some caterpillars of L. Ursula did go on to chrysalis and butterfly late in the year, in Ohio, though others of same lot went into their hibernacula when half grown; and that I had dissected one female Ursula which emerged in September last, and could discover no signs of eggs, or at any rate, there were no formed eggs. Also that I had sent a second female of same lot to Prof. Minot for examination. I now have his report, as follows: “There were certainly no ripe eggs in the abdomen, although there were a great many eggs in an immature condition.” I stated in the above mentioned paper, that the existence of the species Ursula did not depend on these late, or September butterflies; and the reason is, that the female coming so late, and with immature eggs, the season would either not allow the eggs to ripen, or if it did, and they were impregnated, which would be doubtful, it would not allow the larvæ to hatch and to reach the hibernating stage.

This species was described by me in the Cincinnati Quarterly Journal of Science, v. 2, p. 119, and it was said to feed upon the leaves of Ambrosia trifida, in the larval stage. Afterwards, in a note in the American Entomologist, I suggested that as it had only been bred from a collection of leaves of that plant, and had not actually been seen feeding, and as some species of Bucculatrix sometimes crawl away from their food plants to pupate, it was possible that it might turn out that this larva did not feed upon Ambrosia. This summer, however, I have been fortunate enough to find the larva mining the leaves of A. trifida, and also of several varieties of Helianthus; indeed it is much more numerous on Helianthus than on Ambrosia. Lithocolletis ambrosiœella and L. helianthivorella feeding on the same plants, many would consider only varieties of one species; as also many would consider Tischeria ambrosiœella and T. heliopsisella, which feed on the same plants, and on Heliopsis, varieties of one species.

LYCAENA ASTER.

Male.—Expands 1 inch.

Upper side purplish-blue, the costal margin of primaries silvery; both hind margins narrowly eaged black; secondaries have a marginal series of black points or minute spots; fringes white.

Under side white; primaries have the hind margin edged by a fuscous line thickened at each nervule; a submarginal row of rounded black spots entirely across the wing, and parallel to the margin; a discal row of smaller spots in a curve from costa to lower median interspace, the next spot below out of and behind the line; on the arc a thick bar. Secondaries have an oblong, rounded, fuscous spot at the end of each nervule, but otherwise the edge is white; a submarginal series of metallic points, each of which is overlaid by orange, and above this a black crescent; a discal series of black points, following the costal margin from base, and running parallel with hind margin to lower median interspace, after which there are two spots back of the line; on arc a streak, a dot nearer base, and another below cell.

Last June I was in Boston, from the 14th to the 30th, and during this time Alypia octomaculata was in season and very abundant. Had I chosen to carry a net in the public gardens and uptown streets, I suppose I could have taken a couple of hundred specimens, always provided that I wasn't “run in” as a lunatic. As it was, I contented myself with carrying a supply of pill boxes, and succeeded in taking about thirty-five specimens. During two days I was visiting a friend about seven miles from the city, but did not see a single specimen of this species; but in those streets in which there were small plots of grass in front of the houses, they were very common. The spot where I took the most of those I captured was a plot of grass about ten feet by seven, in which there was a Syringa between two Deutzias, both species of shrubs being in blossom.

The reader will have noticed, in the June number of the Canadian Entomologist, a paper on the “Physiological Arrangement of Insects.” The author there places the Orthoptera first in this list, owing to the presence of auditory organs and well developed eyes. The “arrangement” which follows is exceedingly “mixed,” but the object of the present remarks is to point out that the author mistakes when he considers the presence of sense-organs as the crucial test of rank. And for this reason, that, within the different Sub-orders, there is great variation in this respect. For instance, in the Pyralidœ we have forms almost identical, such as Chryseudenton and Cataclysta, which differ by the absence or presence of simple eyes. I do not wish to follow out the argument at length; the environment seems to effect comparatively easily the sense organs; Cave-insects are frequently blind.

Isosoma Allynii, n. s.

Female.—Average length .10 of an inch. Color of body and antennæ uniform black, the first with a slight greenish lustre. Head about .025 of an inch wide, about two thirds as long; the antennæ a little enlarged at the ends, hairy, microscopic hairs moderately scattered over the head and thorax. Thorax, as well as head, punctured; wings hyaline, dotted over with microscopic hairs, the thorax in its widest part about the width of the head. Abdomen gradually tapering from near the base, the ovipositor slightly exserted. The color of the legs vary slightly; in five specimens the anterior and posterior legs have the femurs fuscous except at the ends; the tibiæ with basal half fuscous, the rest yellow; the terminal joint of tarsi fuscous, the rest yellow; the middle pair of legs are yellow throughout except the terminal tarsi. Two specimens have all the femurs fuscous, yellow at the ends. One specimen has all the femurs pale red, and the tibiæ fuscous, but this is probably a change from yellow by the poison bottle used in killing. One is marked like the first five, with the yellow replaced by pale red; another is like the first five, except that the middle tibiæ are a little clouded at base.

The casual reader, calling to mind only the half dozen hop-vines usually seen about the kitchen garden, or trailing upon some farm outbuilding, can hardly realize the possible losses to hop growers by insects. According to the last census (for 1879) New York State alone had over 39,000 acres in hop yards, producing nearly 22 millions of pounds of hops, which, at an average of 28c. per 1b., would aggregate a value of over six million dollars. Bearing these figures in mind, with an annual loss of 10 per cent. from only one insect—the hop borer—(and 25 to 50 per cent. of injury has been reported) a loss of $600,000 would result in this single State.

With such a destructive agent in the hop field, is it not a little singular that there is little or nothing “in the books” on the subject, and that the pest is in all probability an unknown and undescribed species? I am not able to give its name—Prof. Comstock writes me he is working it up—but as I have accumulated a mass of interesting data on the subject in my census work, I deem it proper to make known now the experience of intelligent growers in different sections of the country, for the benefit of those who have not yet learned how to fight the pest, leaving the scientific name and details of habits and natural history to be supplied hereafter.