Environmental factors can significantly affect the occurrence of a second diapause in laboratory-reared Choristoneura fumiferana. Each of the following conditions resulted in significantly fewer larvae entering second diapause: incubating the eggs at a high relative humidity (95%); a pre-diapause period at 20 °C rather than 28 °C; a diapause period of 7 or 8 months rather than 4 months; and holding the feeding larvae at higher temperatures (24 °C and 28 °C as opposed to 20 °C). Late-emerging larvae had a greater tendency to enter second diapause.

Wandering of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) larvae was demonstrated in the laboratory among wheat kernels at 30 °C and 15.5% moisture content, initially infested at an adult density of 0.4 adult per gram of wheat. The majority of the wandering larvae were first (37.3%) and fourth (56.0%) instars.

The sex ratios of codling moth winter larvae, adults, and summer larvae changed inversely with codling moth density changes in commercial orchards over a 17-year period.