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Two Type B Skyphoi in Birmingham

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 September 2013

David W. J. Gill  and
R. A. Tomlinson
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Abstract

Two ‘twin’ type B black-glaze skyphoi with an unusual profile to the base are described. Other examples of Type B skyphoi are listed, and the problem of origins discussed.

Type
Research Article
Information
Annual of the British School at Athens , Volume 80 , November 1985 , pp. 115 - 118
Copyright
Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 1985

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References

1 For Type B skyphoi see Agora xii. 86–7; cf. Morel, J.-P., Céramique Campanienne: Les Formes (BEFAR 244, Rome 1981) 305 and n. 352.Google Scholar In antiquity this shape may have been called a κύλιξ as is suggested by the graffito on an example from Olympia (Agora xii. 6, cf. Johnston, A. W., Trademarks on Greek Vases (Warminster 1979) 224).Google Scholar A Type B skyphos is seen in a frieze under a symposium scene on a cup attributed to the wider circle of the Nikosthenes Painter (Cambridge 37.19: ARV 135, 13; CVA 2(11) Ricketts and Shannon pl. 7 (516) 2b).

2 Cf. Noble, J. V., Techniques of Painted Attic Pottery (New York 1965) fig. 42.Google Scholar The Berlin cup: Berlin 2542 (ARV 803, 60; Para 419; Addenda 143); cf. Richter Craft 69.

3 Sambuca (Monte Adranone, Sep. N3): Agrigento 11396; Nola: London 1836.2–24.270; Spina: Ferrara T.223 VT (Spina 1. 2 pl. 59); Brussels R362 (CVA 3 (3) pl. 2(137)12).

4 Xanthos: Xanthos iv pl. 86.396 and p. 172 fig. 10.396; Euhesperides: Oxford, unpublished.

5 Providence 27.187 (CVA (2) pl. 26(80)5; Ashmead, A. H. and Philips, K. M., Classical Vases, Museum of Art, Rhode Island School of Design (Providence, Rhode Island 1976) 53, 65 and pl. 115).Google Scholar Cf. Agora P 15989 F 19:4 (Agora xii pl. 17.363).

6 Castulo Cup: e.g. Oxford 1885.495 (CVA 1 (3) pl. 48(140)2; Vickers, M., Scythian Treasures in Oxford (Oxford 1979) 40 fig. 7 and pl. ixa–b).Google Scholar Cup-skyphoi: e.g. Würzburg H4952 (Olympische Forschungen v. 225 fig. 66, left; Antike Kunstwerke pl. 35.51; CVA 2 (46) pl. 29(2230)7 and 8, text p. 42 fig. 30). Lekanis: e.g. London 64.10–7.287 (F 43). Bowls: e.g. Agora P 16025 F 19:4 (Agora xii pl. 33.856), from the same context as at least two Castulo Cups, as well as the Type B skyphos with lipped foot (n. 5).

7 On pairs of vases see Lezzi-Hafter, A. in Greek Vases in the J. Paul Getty Museum (The J. Paul Getty Museum Occasional Papers on Antiquities I, Malibu 1983) 110–14Google Scholar; Agora xii. 13 n. 19.

8 Al-Mina: London 1960.3–1.2 to 1960.3–1.12 inclusive. Cerveteri: Rome, Villa Giulia 20921 (cf. NSc 1937, 391, 35), 20750–4; cf. ML 42 (1955) 248, 4–9. Taranto: Taranto 112556–68 (Via Generale Messina, 28.xi.1958) (Brijder, H. A. G., Siana Cups I and Komast Cups (Allard Pierson Series 4, Amsterdam 1983) 94–5).Google Scholar Brijder notes four other identical cups from this class in Taranto.

9 e.g. a pair of coral red horizontally ribbed phialai from Olbia (Leningrad O.1913.75 (OL.3993) and O.1913.74 (OL.3994) (AA 1914, 235–6 fig. 51)), a pair of stemlesses with stamped ivy leaves from Nymphaion (Leningrad Γ.K.H. 96 and 97; cf. Mat. Res. USSR 69 (1959) 61 fig. 29), a pair of stamped rilled rim plates from Camiros (London 64.10–7.1618 and 1619 (F 89)) and a pair of concave lipped delicate class stemlesses from Dalboki (Oxford 1947.333 (Beazley Gifts pl. 58.414) and 1948.105). Separate pairs: e.g. a pair of Castulo Cups from Elaious (Louvre R.III.241 (S-54) and R.IV.374 (S-117)) and a pair of delicate class stemlesses from Camiros (London 64.10–7.1554 (F 187) and 1589 (F 125)).

10 Leningrad Painter: Milan, Torno Collection (ARV 571, 73 and p. 1659; Para 390; Addenda 128); cf. Green, R., ‘The Caputi Hydria’, JHS lxxxi (1961) 73–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar Acropolis dedication: Acropolis 1332 (Beazley, J. D., Potter and Painter in Ancient Athens (London 1946) pl. 4Google Scholar; Boardman, J., Greek Sculpture, The Archaic Period (London 1978) fig. 137).Google Scholar Locris: Athens CC 114 (AM 14 (1889) 151; Richter Craft 75; Ziomecki, J. Z., Les Représentations d' Artisans sur les Vases Attiques (Wroclaw 1955) 130 fig. 50).Google Scholar Literary texts: e.g. Istrus tells us of a pair of Kononeian Cups and a pair of gilded Thericleians (Ath. xi. 478b; FGrH iiiB. no. 334 F47).

11 Agora: e.g. Agora P 20167 (Agora xii pl. 17.360), P 24689 Q 12:3 (ibid. 260 under no. 360), P 15990 F 19:4 (ibid. pl. 17.361 and figs. 4.361 and 22.361), P 25699 O 19:7 (ibid. pl. 17.362), P 15989 (n. 5). P 15974 F 19:4 and P 16471 G 18: I-M (both, ibid. 260 under no. 362). A further example from Athens, Leiden RO.II.119 (CVA 3 (5) pl. 159 (253)11). Kerameikos: e.g. Kerameikos 91,4 (Kerameikos ix pls. 27.1 and 79.3), 122, 2 (ibid. pls. 31·6 and 79·3), 215, 7 (ibid. pls. 58·5 and 79·3), 295, 7 (ibid. pls. 41.3 and 79·3), E 76, 2 (ibid. pl. 93.6), and Pr 13, I (ibid. pl. 100.6). Another from Athens: ADelt. 27 (1972) B.I pl. 78·3. Corinth: Corinth T 765 (Corinth xiii pl. 48, gr. 325–3) and 1825 (ibid. pl. 53 deposit II-d). Dr Deborah Kazazis has kindly informed us by letter of‘about 100 fragments of Type A and Type B skyphoi’ from Well 1937–1 at Corinth. Another, from Halieis, now Nauplion HP 1803 (ADelt. 31 (1976) pl. 79.1 no. 163) has a reserved zone on the outer edge of the foot. Olympia: Agora xii. 6. Olynthus: Salonika 34–1–5 (Olynthus xiii pls. 197.569 and 198.569). Black Sea: Louvre CA 2280 (Sborník (1961) 165). Rhodes: Camiros: London 64.10–7.1566 (F 171) and 1952.2–4.48 (F 108); Ialysos: Marmaro sep. 30 (A. 1934) no. 7 (CIRh viii. 152 fig. 138). Cyprus: Marion: Nicosia 1804 (Myres, J. L. and Ohnefalsch-Richter, M., A Catalogue of the Cyprus Museum (Oxford 1899) 89, 1804)Google Scholar; Tamassos: Reading 47.ii.1 (T.168.II). Cyrene: Cyrene M 1175 [N.81-RR] (Rowe, A., Cyrenaican Expeditions of the University of Manchester 1955–57 (Manchester 1959) pl. 34b).Google Scholar We are grateful to Faraj Elrashedy for drawing our attention to the skyphos in Tolmeta. Locri: Reggio, from Tombs 230 and 1515. Lipari: Meligunìs Lipára ii pls. li, Ib (t. 362), lvi, 4c (t. 424), lx, 2c (t. 329), lxiii, 5 (t. 368) and p. 213. Sicily: Himera, : Himera i. 330Google Scholar; ii. 155, 521, 610, 615; Motya, : Mozia vii pl. viii, 2Google Scholar; Assoro, : NSc 1966, 246 fig. 24eGoogle Scholar; Caltagirone: Syracuse, no number; Monte Casale: Syracuse 49.306 (S.103); Agrigento: Agrigento S 2296 (T.N9) and 8879 (T.N 85); Sambuca: Agrigento 11472 (Monte Adranone, Sep. N 11) and 11396 (Sep. N3); Vassallaggi: Agrigento V.2335 (T.N 76) (NSc 1971 suppl., 119 fig. 186a); Leontinoi: Syracuse 19378 (S·51) and 19412 (S.104); Camarina: Syracuse 23932 (618) and 22862 (219). Italy: Louvre ED 293 and 294. Spina: Ferrara T.223 VT (n. 3), T.225 VT and T.374 VT (Spina i.I pl. 195); Certosa: Bologna (G, Tomb 7) and 796 (82) (Pellegrini, G., Catalogo dei vasi greci dipinti delle necropoli felsinee (Bologna 1912) 231Google Scholar; Zannoni, A., Gli Scavi della Certosa di Bologna (Bologna 1876) pl. xii.15).Google Scholar Nola: Copenhagen Chr.VIII.179 (CVA 7 (7) pl. 282(285)13). London 1836.2–24.270. Cerveteri: Milan (Monte Abatone 110) (Rasmussen, T. B., Bucchero Pottery from Southern Etruria (Cambridge 1979) pl. 54 fig. 378 (37 :32) and 60, 33)CrossRefGoogle Scholar, and Rome, Villa Giulia 47244 and 47285 (Banditaccia, T.425) (ML 52 (1955) 972, 19 and 976, 60). Villa Giulia 47244 was repaired in antiquity before being placed in the grave and the ring handle shows signs of wear, especially by use in the right hand. If the vertical ring handle was used for handling the cup, the horizontal U-shaped one was presumably for hanging the skyphos up on the wall. Tarquinia: Morel (n. 1) 305 n. 352. Brussels: Brussels R363 (CVA 3 (3) pl. 2(137)14). Oxford: Oxford 417 (CVA2 (9) pl. 65(429) 2).

Apart from examples mentioned above, others, without provenance, include: (1) Baltimore, Robinson Collection no number (CVA (7) pl. 31(325)9), (2) Brussels A 2665 (CVA 3 (3) pl. 2(137)15), (3) Cambridge X. 12 (CVA 1 (6) pl. 41(279)35), (4) Chur K.18 (CVA (5) pl. 2(204)8 and text-fig. 3), (5) Hobart, University of Tasmania 17 (Hood, R. G., Greek Vases in the University of Tasmania (University of Tasmania 1964) pl. xxiiiA, 17)Google Scholar, (6) Limoges 79–50 (CVA (24) pl. 15(1934)5), (7) Oslo, Museum of Applied Art 6217 (CVA (1) pls. 51(51)9 and 52(52)4), (8) Poznań 1903.693 (CVA (3) pl. 3(119)12), (9) Reading 37.XL4 (CVA 1 (12) pl. 34(561)5), (10) Rennes D.863.1.41 (CVA (29) pl. 27(1310)3), (11) Tours 863.2.83 (CVA (30) pl. 13(1349)8), (12) Verona 40 Ce (CVA (34) pl. 1(1527)4), (13) and (14) Warsaw 142422 and 142421 (both once Goluchow 105; CVA (1) pl. 46(46)11 and 12).

12 Newcastle upon Tyne 199 (Para 183, 12 ter; ARepts 1969–70, 60–1; Johnston, A. W., Trademarks on Greek Vases (Warminster 1979) 8F 11 and p. 225).Google Scholar

13 Noble, op. cit. 60–1.

14 A south Italian Pheidias-shaped mug from ‘Magna Graecia’ (Cambridge, Museum of Classical Archaeology CAM 81) has a concave moulding immediately above the foot. This feature is found on similar Attic mugs, e.g. London 1824–1.45, Manchester III.L.58, Louvre N1981 and Oxford 1966.304 (Beazley Gifts pl. 54.382). Dr Deborah Kazazis (‘An Attic Black-Glaze Potter in Corinth’, forthcoming) has shown in a study of Well 1937–1 at Corinth that an Attic heavy-walled cup-skyphos shares the same stamp as a Corinthian light-walled cup-skyphos from the same deposit, thus showing how Athenian potters were prepared to work in other clays.

15 BSA 51 (1956) 56; cf. Boardman, , The Greeks Overseas (London 1980) 123.Google Scholar

16 For Cape Kolias, see PW xi. 1077, 3. The clay was used sometimes in preference to silver and vases set with precious stones (Ath. xi. 482b) and was regarded as the best of all clays (Suda s.v. Κωλιάδοс κεραμῆεс; Adler, A., Suidae Lexicon (Leipzig: Teubner 1928–1938) iii. 172, 2239).Google Scholar

17 Cf. Jones, R. E., ‘Greek Potters' Clays: Questions of Selection, Availability and Adaptation’, Ancient Greek and Related Pottery (Allard Pierson Series 5, Amsterdam 1984) 21–30.Google Scholar

18 Wolff et al., Journal of Archaeological Science (forth coming).

19 Agrigento: Agrigento S 2309 (T.N9); Vassallaggi: Agrigento V.2268 (T.N 135) (NSc 1971 suppl., 167 fig. 273a) and V. 1726 (T.N44) (ibid. 79 fig. 118c).

20 Agora P 24689 Q, 12 : 3 (n. 11); cf. Hesperia xxiv (1955) 62–6. Cf, e.g. Agora P 15990 F 19:4 (n. 11), P 25699 O 19:7 (n. 11), and P 15974 F 19:4 (n. n), and e.g. Agora P 16471 G 18: I-M (n. 11).

21 e.g. Kerameikos 215, 7 (n. 11), and e.g. Kerameikos 122, 2 (n. 11) and 91, 4 (n. 11).

22 e.g. Corinth T 759 from Grave 325 (cf. n. 11), and e.g. Kerameikos 295, 7 (n. 11).

23 London B622 (F 108) (ABV 525, 3; cf. n. 11).

24 Ferrara 2668 (T.223 VT) (ARV 241, 51; Para 633 Addenda 100;cf. n. 11), and Ferrara 2864 (T.374 VT) (ARV 633, 10 and p. 1663; Addenda 133; cf. n. 11).