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A Kiln Site at Knossos1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 October 2013

Extract

In March 1937 peasant digging on the lower south-east slope of Monasteriako Kephali, by Knossos, discovered various sherds which included a few kiln wasters. It was clear that there had been a kiln site near and it seemed best to try to find it at once and so anticipate its being accidentally destroyed. Mr. Hutchinson, Mr. Dunbabin and a few students, including myself, supervised a brief excavation. A short description of the remains of the two kilns discovered appeared in the JHS summary of that year's excavations. Before the war I had intended to publish a further short account of the site and of some pottery connected with it; and in spite of the loss of some relevant notes and illustrations in the intervening years it still seems worth recording such data as I have.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 1950

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References

2 JHS 1937, 138, fig. 10.

3 Mr. Piet de Jong tells me that almost all the pottery has now disappeared.

4 In present-day kilns at the village of Thrapsanos in Crete the floor is built, together with the central support, of mud, unfired brick and large sherds; and the whole is then fired to a single compact mass by lighting a fire underneath.

5 Perhaps the draught in the fire-chamber was originally unsatisfactory. Cf. the fifth/fourth century kilns destroyed when the Kerameikos Museum was built. (AA 1937, 185, figs. 4 and 11. One kiln is built exactly above another but at right angles to it.)

6 Besides those found in the kiln itself, many were brought in from the surface soil of the area.

7 I have not recorded restorations except when these are not certain. They are almost always obvious in the photographs.

8 Corinth, IV, 2, The Terracotta lamps.

9 There were, for instance, some sherds with ‘West Slope’ type of decoration, and parts of five twisted amphora-handles with poor black glaze, like the handles of such West Slope amphoras as Thompson's D 25, 27 and 59 (Thompson, H. A., Hesperia III, 311 ff.Google Scholar: ‘Two Centuries of Hellenistic Pottery ’).

10 Cf. Well K 4 in the Agora, mentioned by Peaze, M. Z., Hesperia VI, 257, n. 3.Google Scholar

11 Just as the knobs on the Late Helladic brazier, no. 801 in the British Museum (BM Catalogue of Vases I, 139), were presumably to keep things from coming into contact with the brazier itself.

12 Glazed Megarian bowls which may be local are listed with the other Megarian bowls.

13 On one plate, of which about half was found, most of the glaze is black, but two fragments which fit directly against the black have brick-red glaze and slightly redder clay than the black fragments. The black part must have undergone its final firing under reducing and the red under oxydizing conditions. It seems therefore that either the potter originally fired the two parts of the plate under different conditions, to test the glaze, or that the whole plate was fired red or black, and part afterwards refired under different conditions, whether accidentally or deliberately. See Binns, and Frazer, , AJA XXXIII (1929), 1 ff.CrossRefGoogle Scholar, and Weickert, , AA LVII (1942), 512 ff.Google Scholar Whether Weickert's conclusions about the composition of the glaze apply at so late a date I do not know; would mere carelessness of execution account for the flaky and discoloured giazes which occur even in Attica at this time?

14 The form is not unlike that of several M.M. cups, particularly Evans, , PM I, 241, fig. 181Google Scholar, and IV, 132–3, figs. 100–1; cf. also Geometric cups, e.g. BSA, XXIX, pl. IX, 2 and X, 8. But all these are shallower than our cups and their handles are not attached inside the rim.

15 Cf. Minoan metal and clay vases with fluted lips, e.g. Evans, , PM I, 192, fig. 139.Google Scholar

16 Reminiscent of L.M. vases; e.g. handleless alabastron from Mochlos, , PM IV, 271, fig. 201Google Scholar; flat alabastron, ibid., 272, fig. 202; amphora, ibid., 273, fig. 204; also of Protocorinthian and Corinthian olpai, such as BSA XXVIII (1927–8), pl. XXV, found at Knossos.

16a JHS (1935). 166, tomb B.

16b For earlier examples of kindred shapes, see Clara Rhodos II, 147, fig. 27 and IV, 378, fig. 427. J. Cook tells me that others were found at Old Smyrna.

16c Cf. Olympia-Bericht IV (1940–1941), fig. 76, for a pot-stand of classical date.

17 In the cup published by Wuilleumier (see above, p. 186) there is an outer shell with the fluting beaten out on it, and a smooth inner shell whose upper edge fits over the vertical rim of the outer. Presumably the practice of making metal kantharoi in this way accounts for the curious vertical member of the lip of all these kantharoi.

18 BM. Inv. 73. 8–20, 314.

19 Pergamon, III, ii.

20 The mask is very like the photographs which Pagenstecher publishes of two black-glazed bowls with Medusa-head emblemata, both found in Crete, (JdI 1912, 146, fig. 1Google Scholar, now in Candia Museum; and Calenische Reliefkeramik, pl. I, now in the Louvre). I have myself seen the bowl in Candia and do not think that the photograph gives a correct impression of the character of the mask which is actually much more regular and less heavy in proportions, more controlled in mood and more carefully executed, than the photograph suggests. Pagenstecher says that the two masks are very alike; probably neither of them is really like the mask on our handle.

21 BMC Lycaonia, Isauria, Cilicio, pl. XXV, 2–8.

22 BMC Crete and Aegean Islands, pl. XI, 10; J. N. Svoronos, Numismatique de la Crete ancienne, pl. XVI, 3. I am grateful to Mr. Robinson for drawing my attention to these coin-series.

23 Altertümer von Pergamon VII, pl. XXV, 90.