Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T08:58:32.225Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Science and Reading in the Eighteenth Century

The Hardwicke Circle and the Royal Society, 1740–1766

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2023

Markman Ellis
Affiliation:
Queen Mary University of London

Summary

Science and Reading in the Eighteenth Century studies the reading habits of a group of historians and science administrators known as the Hardwicke Circle. The research is based on an analysis of the reading recorded in the 'Weekly Letter', an unpublished private correspondence written from 1741 to 1766 between Thomas Birch (1705–1766), Secretary of the Royal Society, and Philip Yorke (1720–1790), later second earl of Hardwicke. Birch and Yorke were omnivorous, voracious, and active readers. The analysis uses the Weekly Letter to quantify the texts with which they engaged, and explores the role of reading in their intellectual life. The research argues that this evidence shows that, in the early 1750s, the Hardwicke Circle pivoted from a focus on early-modern British history to a new concern with the reform and renovation of British intellectual institutions, especially the Royal Society.
Get access
Type
Element
Information
Online ISBN: 9781009217217
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 23 February 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Bibliography

Primary Sources

Secondary Sources

A bill, intituled, An act for regulating the commencement of the year; and for correcting the calendar now in use ([London, 1751]): 24 Geo.II.c.23.Google Scholar
A charge delivered to the Grand Jury, at the sessions of the peace held for the city and liberty of Westminster, on Wednesday the 16th of October, 1754 … to which is added, the presentment of the grand jury of the philosophical works of the late Right Honourable Henry St John, Lord Viscount Bolingbroke. Published by order of the court, and at the unanimous request of the gentlemen of the Grand Jury (London: printed for T. Payne, 1754).Google Scholar
A vindication of the free inquiry into the miraculous powers, which are supposed to have subsisted in the Christian church, &c. from the objections of Dr. Dodwell and Dr. Church (London: printed for R. Manby and H. S. Cox, 1751).Google Scholar
Allibone, Thomas Edward, The Royal Society and its dining clubs (Oxford: Pergamon, 1976).Google Scholar
Almagor, Yossi, ‘Friendship in the shadow of patronage: the correspondence between Thomas Birch and Philip Yorke (1740–1766) revisited’, Erudition and the Republic of Letters 4:4 (2019), 468–97.Google Scholar
Anderson, Douglas, ‘“Your most humble servant”: the letters of Antony Van Leeuwenhoek’, FEMS Microbiology Letters 369:1 (2022), 19.Google Scholar
Augier de Marigny, François, Histoire des arabes sous le gouvernement des califes, ed. by Calabre Perau, G. L.. 4 vols. (Paris: chez la veuve Estienne et fils, 1750).Google Scholar
Bacon, Francis, The works, ed. by Montagu, Basil. 12 vols. (London: William Pickering, 1830).Google Scholar
Banks, David, ‘Thoughts on publishing the research article over the centuries’, Publications (Basel) 6:1 (2018), 111.Google Scholar
Bannet, Eve Tavor, ‘History of reading: the long eighteenth century’, Literature Compass 10:2 (2013), 122–33.Google Scholar
Barre, Joseph, Histoire générale d’Allemagne. 11 vols. (Paris: Lespine and Herissant, 1748).Google Scholar
Beaumelle, Laurent Angliviel de La, and Voltaire, , Le siècle de Louis XIV. Nouvelle édition, augmentée d’un très grand nombre de remarques, par M. de La B*** [La Beaumelle]. 3 vols. (Frankfort: Yve Knoch et J.G. Eslinger, 1753).Google Scholar
Berman, Jules J., Principles of big data: preparing, sharing, and analyzing complex information (Amsterdam: Elsevier, Morgan Kaufmann, 2013).Google Scholar
Besterman, Theodore, Voltaire (London: Longman, 1969).Google Scholar
Birch, Thomas, A collection of the state papers of John Thurloe, Esq; secretary, first, to the Council of State, and afterwards to the two Protectors, Oliver and Richard Cromwell … containing authentic memorials of the English affairs from the year 1638, to the restoration of King Charles II. To which is prefixed, the life of Mr. Thurloe. 7 vols. (London: printed for the executor of the late Mr. Fletcher Gyles, 1742).Google Scholar
Birch, Thomas, The heads of illustrious persons of Great Britain, engraven by Mr. Houbraken, and Mr. Vertue. 2 vols. (London: printed for John and Paul Knapton, 1743–51).Google Scholar
Birch, Thomas, An historical view of the negotiations between the courts of England, France, and Brussels, from the year 1592 to 1617. Extracted chiefly from the MS. state-papers of Sir Thomas Edmondes, Knt. (London: printed [by Samuel Richardson] for A. Millar, opposite to Katharine-Street, in the Strand, 1749).Google Scholar
Birch, Thomas, The history of the Royal Society of London for Improving of Natural Knowledge, from its first rise. 4 vols. (London: printed for A. Millar in the Strand, 1756–7).Google Scholar
Birch, Thomas, The life of the Honourable Robert Boyle (London: A. Millar, 1744).Google Scholar
Birch, Thomas, Memoirs of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, from the year 1581 till her death. In which the secret intrigues of her court, and the conduct of her favourite, Robert Earl of Essex, both at home and abroad, are particularly illustrated. From the original papers of his intimate friend, Anthony Bacon, Esquire, and other manuscripts never before published. 2 vols. (London: printed for A. Millar, 1754).Google Scholar
Blair, Ann, Too much to know: managing scholarly information before the modern age (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2010).Google Scholar
Bolingbroke, Henry St John, Viscount, Letters on the study and use of history (London: printed for A. Millar, 1752).Google Scholar
Bolingbroke, Henry St John, Viscount, The philosophical works of the late Right Honorable Henry St. John, Lord Viscount Bolingbroke. 5 vols. (London: [s.n.] printed in the year 1754).Google Scholar
Bolingbroke, Henry St John, Viscount, Reflections concerning innate moral principles (London: printed for S. Bladon, 1752).Google Scholar
Bolingbroke, Henry St John, Viscount, The works of the late Right Honorable Henry St. John, Lord Viscount Bolingbroke. 5 vols. (London: printed in the year 1754).Google Scholar
Boyd, Danah, and Crawford, Kate, ‘Critical questions for big data: provocations for a cultural, technological, and scholarly phenomenon’, Information, Communication & Society 15: 5 (2012), 662–79.Google Scholar
Boyle, earl of Orrery, John, The letters of Pliny the Younger (London: printed by James Bettenham, for Paul Vaillant, 1751).Google Scholar
Boyle, earl of Orrery, John, Remarks on the life and writings of Dr. Jonathan Swift, Dean of St Patrick’s, Dublin (London: printed for A. Millar, 1752).Google Scholar
Brant, Clare, and Rousseau, George (eds.), Fame & fortune: Sir John Hill and London life in the 1750s (London: Palgrave, 2017).Google Scholar
Brewer, John, ‘Reconstructing the reader: prescriptions, texts and strategies in Anna Larpent’s reading’, in Raven, James, Small, Helen and Tadmor, Naomi (eds.), The practice and representation of reading in England (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp. 226–45.Google Scholar
Browne, Isaac Hawkins, De animi immortalitate. Poema (Londini: impensis J. & R. Tonson & S. Draper, 1754).Google Scholar
Browning, Reed, Political and constitutional ideas of the court Whigs (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1982).Google Scholar
Burditt, Paul F., ‘The authorship of The memoirs of Sir Charles Goodville (1753)’, Notes and Queries, 51:4 (2004), 406–7.Google Scholar
Burt, Ronald S., Brokerage and closure: an introduction to social capital (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005).Google Scholar
Carte, Thomas, A general history of England (London: printed for the author, 1747–55).Google Scholar
The Christian philosopher and politician (London: printed for W. Owen, 1750–1).Google Scholar
Clayton, Robert, A vindication of the histories of the Old and New Testament. In answer to the objections of the late Lord Bolingbroke ([London]: Dublin, printed, London, reprinted for W. Bowyer, and sold by M. Cooper and George Woodfall, 1752).Google Scholar
Compleat history of James Maclean, the gentleman highwayman, who was executed at Tyburn, on Wednesday Oct. 3. 1750 (London: printed for Charles Corbett, 1750).Google Scholar
Crebillon, Claude Prosper Jolyot de, Catilina: tragédie en cinq actes, et en vers (A Paris: Chez Prault fils, 1749).Google Scholar
D’Incarville, Pierre Le Chéron, Nicolas, ‘A letter from Father D’Incarville, of the Society of Jesus, at Peking in China’, Philosophical Transactions 48 (1753–4), 253–60.Google Scholar
DeMaria Jr, Robert, Samuel Johnson and the life of reading (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997).Google Scholar
Des Maizeaux, Pierre (ed.), Scaligerana, Thuana, Perroniana, Pithoeana, et Colomesiana. 2 vols. (Amsterdam: Cóvens and Mortier, 1740).Google Scholar
Dobbs, Arthur, ‘A letter … concerning bees, and their method of gathering wax and honey’, Philosophical Transactions 46 (1750), 536–49.Google Scholar
Dodd, William, A new book of the Dunciad: occasion’d by Mr. Warburton’s new edition of the Dunciad complete (London: printed for J. Payne and J. Bocquet, in Pater-Noster-Row, 1750).Google Scholar
Drucker, Johanna, The digital humanities coursebook: an introduction to digital methods for research and scholarship (London: Routledge, 2021).Google Scholar
Eaves, T. C. Duncan, and Kimpel, Ben D., Samuel Richardson: a biography (Oxford: Clarendon, 1971).Google Scholar
Ellicott, John. ‘The description and manner of using an instrument for measuring the degrees of the expansion of metals by heat’, Philosophical Transactions 39 (1736), 291–9.Google Scholar
Ellicott, John, A description of two methods, by which the irregularities in the motion of a clock, arising from the influence of heat and cold upon the rod of the pendulum, may be prevented. … To which are added a collection of papers (London: printed for R. Willock, 1753).Google Scholar
Ellicott, John, ‘A description of two methods, by which the irregularity of the motion of a clock, arising from the influence of heat and cold upon the rod of the pendulum, may be prevented’, Philosophical Transactions 47 (1751–2), 479–94.Google Scholar
Ellis, MarkmanPhilip Yorke and Thomas Birch: scribal news in the mid-18th century’, ed. Robin Eagles and Michael Shaich, Parliamentary History 41 (2022), 202–20.Google Scholar
Ellis, Markman, ‘Reading practices in Elizabeth Montagu’s epistolary network of the 1750s’, in Eger, Elizabeth (ed.), Bluestockings displayed: portraiture, performance and patronage, 1730–1830 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013), pp. 213–32.Google Scholar
Ellis, Markman, ‘Thomas Birch’s ‘Weekly Letter’ of ‘Literary Intelligence’ (1741–66): correspondence and history in the mid-eighteenth century Royal Society’, Notes and Records: The Royal Society Journal for the History of Science 68: 3 (20 September 2014), 261–78.Google Scholar
Engelsing, Rolf, ‘Die Perioden der Lesergeschichte in der Neuzeit’, Archiv für geschichte des Buchwesens 10 (1970), 9451002.Google Scholar
Fontenelle, Bernard Le Bovier de, Théorie des tourbillons cartésiens, ed. by Falconet, C. (Paris: chez Hippolyte-Louis Guerin, 1752).Google Scholar
Formey, Jean-Henri-Samuel, Mélanges philosophiques. 2 vols. (Leide: Imprimerie d’Elie Luzac, 1753–4).Google Scholar
Garrick, David, The poetical works of David Garrick, Esq. (London: printed for George Kearsley, 1785).Google Scholar
Geikie, Archibald, Annals of the Royal Society Club: the record of a London dining-club in the eighteenth & nineteenth centuries (London: Macmillan and Company, 1917).Google Scholar
Goring, Paul, ‘The elocutionary movement in Britain’, in MacDonald, Michael J. (ed.), The Oxford handbook of rhetorical studies (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017), pp. 559–68.Google Scholar
Gould, William, An account of English ants (London: printed for A. Millar, 1747).Google Scholar
Gunther, Albert Edward, An introduction to the life of the Rev. Thomas Birch D.D., F.R.S., 1705–1766 (Halesworth: Halesworth Press, 1984).Google Scholar
Harris, P. R., A history of the British Museum 1753–1973 (London: The British Library, 1998).Google Scholar
Higson, P. J. W., ‘Hugh, Lord Willoughby of Parham: a neglected Society President’, The Antiquaries Journal 52:01 (March 1972), 169–84.Google Scholar
Hill, John, The adventures of Mr George Edwards, a Creole (London: printed for T. Osborne, 1751).Google Scholar
Hill, John, The adventures of Mr. Loveill, interspers’d with many real amours of the modern polite world (London: printed for M. Cooper, 1750).Google Scholar
Hill, John, A review of the works of the Royal Society of London (London: printed for R. Griffiths, 1751).Google Scholar
Histoire de l’Academie royale des sciences et des belles lettres de Berlin (Berlin: Ambroise Haude, 1746–71).Google Scholar
Houston, Alan, ‘Benjamin Franklin and the ‘Wagon Affair’ of 1755’, The William and Mary Quarterly 66:2 (2009), 235–86.Google Scholar
Hubberstey, Jemima, ‘The Wrest circle: literary coteries and their influence on landscape design, 1740–1760’ (Oxford: unpublished DPhil thesis, 2022).Google Scholar
Hutcheson, Francis, A system of moral philosophy (Glasgow: R. and A. Foulis; London, A. Millar and T. Longman, 1755).Google Scholar
Janssens, Uta, Matthieu Maty and the Journal Britannique, 1750–1755: A French view of English literature in the middle of the eighteenth century (Amsterdam: Holland University Press, 1975).Google Scholar
Kaufman, Paul, Borrowings from the Bristol Library, 1773–1784: a unique record of reading vogues (Charlottesville: Bibliographical Society of the University of Virginia, 1960).Google Scholar
Kimber, Edward, The life and adventures of Joe Thompson (London: printed for John Hinton, 1750).Google Scholar
Klein, Lawrence, ‘Gender, conversation and the public sphere in early eighteenth century England’, in Still, Judith and Worton, Michael (eds.), Textuality and sexuality: reading theories and practices (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1993), pp. 100–15.Google Scholar
Kleinman, Scott, ‘Digital humanities projects with small and unusual data: some experiences from the trenches’, 2016. http://scottkleinman.net/blog/2016/03/15/digital-humanities-projects-with-small-and-unusual-data.Google Scholar
La vie du Cardinal D’Amboise (Paris: Estienne Richer, 1631).Google Scholar
Lagarrigue, Bruno, ‘Un temple de la culture européenne (1728–1753): L’histoire externe de la Bibliothèque raisonnée des ouvrages des savants de l’Europe’ (Nijmegen: doctoral dissertation submitted to Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen, 1993, rev. 2009).Google Scholar
Le Journal des Sçavans (Amsterdam [Paris], 1665–1792).Google Scholar
Leighton, C. D. A., ‘The enlightened religion of Robert Clayton’, Studia Hibernica 29 (1995), 157–84.Google Scholar
Levy, Michelle, and Schellenberg, Betty, How and why to do things with eighteenth-century manuscripts (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021).Google Scholar
Locke, John, ‘A new method of a common-place-book’, in Posthumous works of John Locke (London: W. B. for A. J. Churchill, 1706), pp. 311–36.Google Scholar
Lyons, Henry George, ‘The officers of the Society (1662–1860)’, Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 3:1 (1940), 116–40.Google Scholar
Macclesfield, George, ‘Remarks upon the solar and the lunar years’, Philosophical Transactions 46 (1749–50), 417–34.Google Scholar
Mairan, Jean-Jacques Dortous de, Traité physique et historique de l’aurore boréale (Paris: De L’Imprimerie Royale, 1754).Google Scholar
Mallet, David, Memoirs of the life and ministerial conduct, with some free remarks on the political writings, of the late Lord Visc. Bolingbroke (London: printed for R. Baldwin, at the Rose, in Pater-Noster-Row, 1752).Google Scholar
Marsak, Leonard, ‘Cartesianism in Fontenelle and French Science, 1686–1752’, Isis 50:1 (1959), 5160.Google Scholar
Memoirs Sir Charles Goodville and his family: in a series of letters to a friend (London: printed for Daniel Browne, and J. Whiston, and B. White, 1753).Google Scholar
Middleton, Conyers, An examination of the Lord Bishop of London’s discourses concerning the use and intent of prophecy (London: printed for R. Manby and H. S. Cox, 1750).Google Scholar
Miller, David, ‘The “Hardwicke Circle”: the Whig supremacy and its demise in the 18th-century Royal Society’, Notes and Records of the Royal Society 52 (1998), 7391.Google Scholar
Miller, David, ‘“Into the Valley of Darkness”: Reflections on the Royal Society in the eighteenth century’, History of Science 27:2 (1989), 155–66.Google Scholar
Miller, David, ‘Thomas Birch (1705–1766), compiler of histories and biographer’, in Oxford dictionary of national biography (Oxford, 2004). www.oxforddnb.com.Google Scholar
Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, baron de, De l’esprit des lois (A Geneve: Chez Barillot, & fils [1748]).Google Scholar
Moureau, François, Répertoire des nouvelles à main: dictionnaire de la presse manuscrite clandestine, XVIe–XVIIIe siècle (Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 1999).Google Scholar
Moxham, Noah, and Fyfe, Aileen, ‘The Royal Society and the prehistory of peer review, 1665–1965’, The Historical Journal 61:4 (2018), 863–89.Google Scholar
Moxham, Noah, Gielas, Anna and Fyfe, Aileen, ‘“Accoucheur of literature”: Joseph Banks and the Philosophical Transactions, 1778–1820’, Centaurus 62:1 (2020), 2137.Google Scholar
Mullini, Roberta, ‘Reading aloud in Britain in the second half of the eighteenth century: theories and beyond’, Journal of Early Modern Studies 7 (2018), 157–76.Google Scholar
Nadel, George H.New light on Bolingbroke’s letters on history,’ Journal of the History of Ideas 23:4 (1962), 550–7.Google Scholar
Naunton, Robert, Fragmenta regalia, or Observations on the late Queen Elizabeth, her times and favorits ([London]: Printed, anno Dom. 1641).Google Scholar
Nicholas, Donald, Mr Secretary Nicholas, 1593–1669: his life and letters (London: Bodley Head, 1955).Google Scholar
Nicholas, Edward, The Nicholas papers, ed. Warner, G. F.. 4 vols. (Camden Society, new ser., 40, 50, 57, 3rd ser., 31, 1886–1920).Google Scholar
Nipps, Karen, ‘Cum privilegio: licensing of the Press Act of 1662’, The Library Quarterly (Chicago) 84:4 (2014), 494500.Google Scholar
Nouvelle bibliothèque Germanique, ou histoire litteraire de L’Allemagne, de la Suisse, & des pays du Nord, 6 (1750), parts 2 (April–June) and 3 (July–September).Google Scholar
‘Occasional prologue’, Whitehall Evening Post or London Intelligencer, 22 September 1750.Google Scholar
Pearson, Roger, Voltaire almighty: a life in pursuit of freedom (London: Bloomsbury, 2005).Google Scholar
Pope, Alexander, The Dunciad, complete in four books, according to Mr. Pope’s last improvements. With notes variorum, ed. Warburton, William (London: printed for J. and P. Knapton in Ludgate-Street, 1749).Google Scholar
Pope, Alexander, An essay on criticism. With notes by Mr. Warburton, ed. Warburton, William (London: printed for Henry Lintot, 1749).Google Scholar
Price, Leah, How to do things with books in Victorian Britain (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2012).Google Scholar
Price, Leah, ‘Reading: the state of the discipline’, Book History 7 (2004), 303–20.Google Scholar
Raynal, Guillaume François, Thomas, Mémoires historiques, militaires et politiques de l’Europe. 3 vols. (Amsterdam: Arkslée et Merkus, 1754).Google Scholar
Réaumur, René Antoine Ferchault de, Mémoires pour servir à l’histoire des insects. 6 vols. (Amsterdam, 1734–42).Google Scholar
Richardson, Samuel, An address to the public, on the treatment which the editor of the history of Sir Charles Grandison has met with from certain booksellers and printers in Dublin (London: printed [by Samuel Richardson] in the year, 1754).Google Scholar
Richardson, Samuel, The history of Sir Charles Grandison. 7 vols. (London: S. Richardson, 1753–4).Google Scholar
Roe, Thomas, Sir, The negotiations of Sir Thomas Roe, in his embassy to the Ottoman Porte, from the year 1621 to 1628 inclusive (London: printed by Samuel Richardson, at the expence of the Society for the Encouragement of Learning, 1740).Google Scholar
Roos, Anna Marie, Martin Folkes (1690–1754): Newtonian, antiquary, connoisseur (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021).Google Scholar
Sale, William Merritt, Samuel Richardson: master printer (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1950).Google Scholar
Schaffer, Simon, Roberts, Lissa, Raj, Kapil and Delbourgo, James, The brokered world: go-betweens and global intelligence, 1770–1820 (Sagamore Beach, MA: Science History Publications, 2009).Google Scholar
Schellenberg, Betty, Literary coteries and the making of modern print culture: 1740–1790 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016).Google Scholar
Settle, Elkanah, Augusta lacrimans. A funeral poem to the memory of the Honourable Sir Daniel Wray, Kt. (London: printed for the author, 1719).Google Scholar
Shank, J. B., The Newton wars and the beginning of the French Enlightenment (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2008).Google Scholar
Shebbeare, John, The marriage act: a novel (London: printed for J. Hodges; and B. Collins at Salisbury, 1754).Google Scholar
Short, James, ‘A Letter … concerning the inventor of the contrivance in the pendulum of a clock, to prevent the irregularities of its motion by heat and cold’, Philosophical Transactions 47 (1751–2), 517–24.Google Scholar
Smollett, Tobias, The adventures of Ferdinand Count Fathom (London: printed for T. Johnson, 1753).Google Scholar
Smollett, Tobias, The adventures of Peregrine Pickle (London: printed for the author: and sold by D. Wilson, 1751).Google Scholar
Sorrenson, Richard John, Perfect mechanics: instrument makers at the Royal Society of London in the eighteenth century (Boston, MA: Docent Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Spedding, Patrick, A bibliography of Eliza Haywood (London: Pickering & Chatto, 2004).Google Scholar
Strype, John, The life of the learned Sir John Cheke, Kt. First instructer, afterwards Secretary of State to King Edward VI. (London: printed for John Wyat, 1705).Google Scholar
Stukeley, William, The correspondence of William Stukeley and Maurice Johnson, 1714–54, ed. by Honeybone, Diana and Honeybone, Michael (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2014).Google Scholar
Supplement to Mr. Chambers’s Cyclopædia: or, Universal dictionary of arts and sciences, ed. by Scott, George Lewis (London: printed for W. Innys and J. Richardson, R. Ware, J. and P. Knapton, T. Osborne, S. Birt [and 10 others in London], 1753).Google Scholar
The tatler revived (London, 13 March to 15 September 1750).Google Scholar
Thompson, Lynda, The scandalous memoirists: Constantia Phillips, Laetitia Pilkington and the shame of ‘publick fame’ (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000).Google Scholar
Thomson, Thomas, History of the Royal Society, from its institution to the end of the eighteenth century (London: Robert Baldwin, 1812).Google Scholar
Toll, Frederick, Some remarks upon Mr. Church’s vindication of miraculous powders, &c (London: Printed for J. Shuckburgh, 1750).Google Scholar
Voltaire, , Babouc; or, The world as it goes. To which are added, letters concerning his disgrace at the Prussian court: with his letter to his niece on that occasion (London: printed for, and sold by W. Owen, 1754).Google Scholar
Voltaire, , ‘Epître de Monsieur de Voltaire au Cardinal Quirini’ [dated 12 December 1751], Oeuvres de Mr. de Voltaire (A Dresden: Chez George Conrad Walther Libraire du roi, 1748–54), III (1752), 219.Google Scholar
Voltaire, , Epître au roi de Prusse [1751], in Œuvres complètes de Voltaire, éd. Moland, Louis. Vol. 10 (Paris: Garnier, 1877–85), pp. 360–2.Google Scholar
Voltaire, , La Mérope françoise … avec quelques petites piéces de littérature (Paris: Prault fils, 1744).Google Scholar
Voltaire, , Oeuvres de Mr. de Voltaire (A Dresden: Chez George Conrad Walther Libraire du roi, 1748–54).Google Scholar
Voltaire, , Rome sauvée: tragedie (A Berlin: Chez Étienne de Bourdeaux, 1752).Google Scholar
Voltaire, , Le siècle de Louis XIV. 2 vols. (Berlin: Publié par M. de Francheville, 1751); trans as The Age of Lewis XIV. 2 vols. (London: R. Dodsley, 1752).Google Scholar
Voltaire, , Zayre: tragedie (A Amsterdam: Chez Etienne Ledet, 1733).Google Scholar
Walpole, Horace, Yale edition of Horace Walpole’s correspondence. 48 vols. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1960).Google Scholar
Warburton, William, A view of Lord Bolingbroke’s philosophy (London: printed for John and Paul Knapton, 1754).Google Scholar
Warburton, William, A view of Lord Bolingbroke’s philosophy: in four letters. 3 vols. (London, 1754, 1755).Google Scholar
Warner, William Beatty, Licensing entertainment: the elevation of novel reading in Britain, 1684–1750 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998).Google Scholar
West, Gilbert, Education, a poem: in two cantos. Written in imitation of the style and manner of Spenser’s Fairy Queen (London: printed for R. Dodsley, 1751).Google Scholar
Williams, Abigail, The social life of books (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2017).Google Scholar
Wittmann, Reinhard, ‘Was there a reading revolution at the end of the eighteenth century?’ in Cavallo, Guglielmo and Chartier, Roger (eds.), A history of reading in the West (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1999), 284312.Google Scholar
Womersley, David, ‘Lord Bolingbroke and eighteenth-century historiography’, The Eighteenth Century 28:3 (1987), 217–34.Google Scholar
Wood, Paul, ‘A virtuoso reader: Thomas Reid and the practices of reading in eighteenth-century Scotland’, Journal of Scottish Thought 4 (2011), 3374.Google Scholar
The world. By Adam Fitz-Adam (London: printed for R[obert]. Dodsley in Pall-Mall, 1753–6).Google Scholar
Yeo, Richard, Notebooks, English virtuosi and early modern science (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2014).Google Scholar
Yorke, Philip, ‘On the Acta Diurna of the Old Romans’, Gentleman’s Magazine X, 1740, Preface, pp. iiiviii.Google Scholar
Yorke, Philip, Yorke, Charles (and eight others), Athenian letters: or, The epistolary correspondence of an agent of the king of Persia, residing at Athens during the Peloponnesian war. 4 vols. (London: printed by James Bettenham, [1741–3]).Google Scholar

Save element to Kindle

To save this element to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Science and Reading in the Eighteenth Century
  • Markman Ellis, Queen Mary University of London
  • Online ISBN: 9781009217217
Available formats
×

Save element to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Science and Reading in the Eighteenth Century
  • Markman Ellis, Queen Mary University of London
  • Online ISBN: 9781009217217
Available formats
×

Save element to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Science and Reading in the Eighteenth Century
  • Markman Ellis, Queen Mary University of London
  • Online ISBN: 9781009217217
Available formats
×