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512 results in Communications

Page 6 of 26

Making Sense
  • Reference, Agency, and Structure in a Grammar of Multimodal Meaning
  • Bill Cope, Mary Kalantzis
  • Published online:
    09 January 2020
    Print publication:
    30 January 2020
  • The phenomenon of multimodality is central to our everyday interaction. 'Hybrid' modes of communication that combine traditional uses of language with imagery, tagging, hashtags and voice-recognition tools have become the norm. Bringing together concepts of meaning and communication across a range of subject areas, including education, media studies, cultural studies, design and architecture, the authors uncover a multimodal grammar that moves away from rigid and language-centered understandings of meaning. They present the first framework for describing and analysing different forms of meaning across text, image, space, body, sound and speech. Succinct summaries of the main thinkers in the fields of language, communications and semiotics are provided alongside rich examples to illustrate the key arguments. A history of media including the genesis of digital media, Unicode, Emoji, XML and HTML, MP3 and more is covered. This book will stimulate new thinking about the nature of meaning, and life itself, and will serve practitioners and theorists alike.

  • 2 - Thinking about Affection

  • Kory Floyd, University of Arizona
  • Book:
    Affectionate Communication in Close Relationships
    Published online:
    07 December 2018
    Print publication:
    20 December 2018, pp 10-36

  • Summary

    To frame the analyses and syntheses of empirical work to follow, this chapter introduces and explores theories that speak to the importance of affectionate communication and the ways in which it is enacted in close relationships. Two broad theoretic paradigms are explicated – a socio-cultural paradigm that treats affectionate expression as a learned and socially malleable behavior, and a bio-evolutionary paradigm that treats affection as an adaptation with evolutionary roots – and several representative theories within each paradigm are explicated. Finally, the chapter revisits affection exchange theory, introduced in 2006, as a comprehensive theoretical treatment of affectionate communication.

  • 7 - Affectionate Communication and Mental Wellness

  • Kory Floyd, University of Arizona
  • Book:
    Affectionate Communication in Close Relationships
    Published online:
    07 December 2018
    Print publication:
    20 December 2018, pp 150-171

  • Summary

    One of the most substantial contributions of affection exchange theory was its suggestion that affectionate communication is associated with wellness. Prior to the publication of the author’s book Communicating Affection in 2006, virtually no research had explored how affectionate behavior, either at individual or relational levels, corresponds to well-being. Since that time, however, a formidable literature attests to the strong links between affectionate communication and multiple indices of mental health. These include, among others, anxiety, depression, happiness, loneliness, social engagement, chronic stress, alexithymia (the inability to identify and describe emotion), and the probability of having been diagnosed with a treatable anxiety disorder or a mood disorder. This chapter will provide a comprehensive treatment of the research on these associations.

  • 8 - Affectionate Communication and Physical Health

  • Kory Floyd, University of Arizona
  • Book:
    Affectionate Communication in Close Relationships
    Published online:
    07 December 2018
    Print publication:
    20 December 2018, pp 172-194

  • Summary

    Perhaps the most significant research spawned by the author’s book Communicating Affection (2006) has focused on the connections between affectionate behavior and physical health. In multiple ways, this scholarship has demonstrated a fundamental claim of affection exchange theory that giving and receiving affection is good for you. This chapter explores the health effects and correlates of affectionate behavior across a range of physical systems and outcomes, including the cardiovascular and endocrine systems, allergy and immunology, metabolism, infection, and pain. Although the vast majority of research shows a positive relationship between affectionate communication and physical health, this chapter concludes with a discussion of ways in which affectionate behavior can actually impede health.

  • 1 - An Introduction to Affectionate Communication

  • Kory Floyd, University of Arizona
  • Book:
    Affectionate Communication in Close Relationships
    Published online:
    07 December 2018
    Print publication:
    20 December 2018, pp 1-9

  • Summary

    This chapter frames affection as a fundamental human need, an argument that took root in Harlow’s (1958) rhesus monkey experiments and has been embodied more recently in Baumeister and Leary’s (1995) perspective of the need to belong. Affection is defined as an emotional experience that is differentiated from affectionate communication, the outward expression of that experience. The chapter concludes with a brief overview of subsequent chapters.

  • 3 - Encoding and Measuring Affectionate Messages

  • Kory Floyd, University of Arizona
  • Book:
    Affectionate Communication in Close Relationships
    Published online:
    07 December 2018
    Print publication:
    20 December 2018, pp 37-64

  • Summary

    Two key questions for understanding and appreciating the literature on affectionate communication are: What “counts” as an affectionate behavior? and How is affectionate communication measured? This chapter analyzes experiential work on the expression of affection and revisits Floyd and Morman’s (1998) tripartite model of affectionate behavior, which is widely referenced in the literature. Idiomatic expressions of affection are defined in relation to the tripartite model. The chapter also explicates the major operational definitions of affectionate communication used in research – including the Affectionate Communication Index and the Trait Affection Scale – and summarizes their strengths and weaknesses. Finally, various strategies for manipulating affectionate behavior in experimental studies are defined.

  • 5 - Decoding and Responding to Affectionate Messages

  • Kory Floyd, University of Arizona
  • Book:
    Affectionate Communication in Close Relationships
    Published online:
    07 December 2018
    Print publication:
    20 December 2018, pp 94-126

  • Summary

    This chapter looks at affectionate expressions from the perspective of the receiver rather than the sender. First addressed are the types of behaviors that are typically decoded as affectionate, and how they correspond to the behaviors intended by senders to encode affection. Also explored is how individuals rate various behaviors in terms of their intensity. Finally, the chapter reviews research indicating how communicators respond to expressions of affection cognitively – including with evaluations, interpretations, and attributions – and behaviorally.

  • 4 - Predicting Affectionate Behavior

  • Kory Floyd, University of Arizona
  • Book:
    Affectionate Communication in Close Relationships
    Published online:
    07 December 2018
    Print publication:
    20 December 2018, pp 65-93

  • Summary

    Chapter 4 addresses the question of why some people are more affectionate than others. Research implicating innate influences – including genetic effects, neurological activity, hormone levels, sex and gender, age, and attachment style – is reviewed first, followed by cultural, ethnic, and familial influences. Finally, contextual factors, including the privacy and emotional intensity of a situation, are explored. The chapter concludes with a frank discussion about the interaction of innate and environmental antecedents for affectionate communication.

  • 6 - Communicating Affection in Various Relationships

  • Kory Floyd, University of Arizona
  • Book:
    Affectionate Communication in Close Relationships
    Published online:
    07 December 2018
    Print publication:
    20 December 2018, pp 127-149

  • Summary

    Unlike many forms of communication, affection is generally reserved for emotionally close relationships, such as those between romantic partners, close friends, and family members. Affectionate behavior in these relationship categories is explored in this chapter. The chapter begins by revisiting theoretic explanations for why these relationships should differ in their experience and expression of affection. Next, it analyzes empirical research showing how these relationship types differ in their frequency of affectionate communication, and also in their form. Research has also identified a variety of ways in which affectionate communication corresponds with the qualities of those relationships, such as their levels of relationship satisfaction, closeness, love, and intimacy. Some studies show only associations between affectionate expression and relationship quality, but others have demonstrated that increasing affectionate behavior can cause improvements in relationship quality. Both types of studies are also reviewed in this chapter.

  • 9 - The Dark Side of Affectionate Communication

  • Kory Floyd, University of Arizona
  • Book:
    Affectionate Communication in Close Relationships
    Published online:
    07 December 2018
    Print publication:
    20 December 2018, pp 195-210

  • Summary

    A common misconception about affectionate communication – which empirical and theoretic work has largely helped to debunk – is that affectionate behavior produces consistently positive outcomes for individuals and their relationships. In fact, affection has a dark side, which some compelling research has helped to illuminate. This chapter begins by framing affectionate communication in terms of its risks (instead of its rewards). It then reviews literature on how affection can be used to deceive and to manipulate others. The construct of affection deprivation is then described, along with its negative associations with mental, physical, and relational health. Finally, the chapter explores the question of whether people can receive too much affection – exactly the opposite state of affection deprivation – and what the consequences of such a condition are.

  • 10 - Looking Back and Looking Ahead

  • Kory Floyd, University of Arizona
  • Book:
    Affectionate Communication in Close Relationships
    Published online:
    07 December 2018
    Print publication:
    20 December 2018, pp 211-225

  • Summary

    The book’s final chapter offers both a critical look back at the last two decades of theory, measurement, and empirical work on affectionate communication and a look forward at newly developing research questions. The chapter articulates several qualified conclusions about affectionate communication, including about the current state of theory and the ways in which existing theory is both profitable and limited. Next, some important questions for new and future research are addressed, including how the potential genetic bases of affectionate behavior should be further explored, how emerging technologies can help people meet their affection needs, and how affection can be used in clinical interventions. The chapter concludes with some final thoughts about the importance of affectionate communication in the human social experience.

Affectionate Communication in Close Relationships
  • Kory Floyd
  • Published online:
    07 December 2018
    Print publication:
    20 December 2018
  • Few communication behaviors are more consequential to the development and maintenance of close relationships than the expression of affection. Indeed, people often use affectionate gestures to initiate or accelerate relationship development. In contrast, the absence of affection in established relationships frequently coincides with relational deterioration. This text explores the scientific research on affection exchange that has emerged from the disciplines of communication, social and clinical psychology, family studies, psychophysiology, sociology, nursing, and behavioral health. Specific points of focus include the individual and relational benefits - including health benefits - of affectionate behavior, the significant detriments associated with lacking sufficient affection, and the risks of expressing affection. It also discusses the primary social and cultural influences on affection exchange, critiques principal theories and measurement models, and offers suggestions for future empirical research.

Page 6 of 26