The fossiliferous rock now reported upon has been submitted to me by Mr. E. S. Willbourn, Director of the Geological Survey of the Federated Malay States, in the hope that examination of the fossils might lead to some definite conclusion as to the age of the coal-bearing strata with which it is associated. The locality is Durian Chondong, Kepong, in the Unfederated Malay State of Johore, and the material examined comprises a number of bore samples obtained from depths varying from 88 feet to 145 feet. These all consist of a grey marly shale containing numerous fossil shells, mainly more or less crushed, but sometimes well preservedand even retaining traces of their colour-ornamentation. The only other fossils obtained from the samples, beyond a few obscure plant impressions, are some small and indeterminate fish teeth.

In 1906 I described a horn-core of a small antelope which had been obtained long ago from the Norwich Crag of Bramerton, and which is now in the collection of Mr. A. S. Kennard. This specimen formerly formed part of the Bayfield collection, and Mr. William Davies had determined it as a horn-core of Capra or Antelope. A comparison showed that it was referable to the genus Gazella, but that it differed from Gazella anglica, a species from the Norwich Crag described by Mr. E. T. Newton, as well as from all the other living and fossil Gazelles respecting which I could obtain information. I therefore ventured to found a new species, G. Daviesii, for the reception of Mr. Kennard's specimen.

The recent answer to the recent questioning of the hitherto accepted correlations of the beds of the Lower Fluvio-Marine Tertiaries in the Isle of Wight and South Hants does not seem to be universally accepted as decisive. It is obviously impossible for foreign geologists to institute useful comparisons between British and foreign subdivisions so long as we in England are quite at variance on the stratigraphical and palæontological facts of the beds in question. Yet these conflicting readings are what we have to offer them at present.

Recent studies of the glacial phenomena as exhibited in the State of New Hampshire and adjoining regions enable us to maintain the following propositions.

Three minerals, Nephrite, Agalmatolite, and Steatite, are much used by the Chinese for small articles of ornamental sculpture. The examination of several oriental specimens of these substances in my collection has led to some interesting results.

Primary shears with oblique-slip displacement can only arise by failure after a rotation of two of the three principal axes of stress from an expected vertical and horizontal position relative to the earth's crust, and are either normal-wrench or thrust-wrench hybrids. As a consequence of a full 90° clockwise or anticlockwise rotation, the changes in pitch of striations on slicken-sided fault planes belonging to both categories are stereographically represented by two small circle courses which are ∠90°–ø apart for the normal-wrench association, and ∠180°–ø apart for the thrust-wrench one: ∠ø being the angle of internal friction. Using these assumptions to analyse the distribution of oblique-slip shears exposed in the south-western part of the Midland Valley of Scotland, it appears probable that two unrelated sets of commonly occurring normal-dextral shears are of primary origin, for the inferred azimuthal orientations of the principal axes of stress are remarkably close to those estimated for other, more orthodox tectonic features found elsewhere in the Midland Valley and appropriately absent in the south-west.

I have already shown that the northern boundary of the Indo-Gangetic alluvium is a structural one, and that the rock area immediately to the north of it has been elevated, while the nature of the boundary on the south, the deep imbayments of the alluvium, the gentle manner in which the older rocks slip under it, and the inliers, alike show that, on the south, the alluvium has gradually encroached on the rock area by the subsidence of the latter.

The New Red gravels of the Tiverton type extend from Warbrightsleigh and Chimney Down on the north to Thorverton and White Down Copse on the south. Further south they are replaced by breccias and sandstones or covered by the higher beds of the New Red series. Throughout the whole of this area of nearly 100 square miles the gravels contain fragments of sandstone and grit with Upper Devonian fossils. These Devonian fragments are most common in the north-east of the district, and are comparatively rare further south. They are found at the entrance of the Crediton valley, but do not appear to be present further west.

All the fossils that have been identified are known to occur in the Pilton and Marwood Beds of North Devon. The only Trilobite found (Phacops latifrons, Bronn) is practically the only Trilobite occurring in the Pilton Beds, where it is very common. Spirifer Verneuili, Murch., Spirifer Urii, Flem., Rhynchonella (Camarotæchia) Partridgiæ, Whidb., and Productus prælongus, Sowerby, are the commonest Brachiopods both in the gravels and in the Pilton Beds. The little Gasteropod Euomphalus vermis, Whidb., is also common in the gravels and Pilton Beds. Bellerophon subglobatus, M'Coy, is a characteristic fossil in the Marwood Beds of the Barnstaple district; it is also common in the grits that occur further east near Wiveliscombe, and in the grit fragments found in the gravels.

At Chimney Down, in the north-east of the district, fossiliferous fragments of Upper Devonian sandstone and grit are extremely common, whilst trap fragments appear to be absent. This fact, as well as the wide distribution of the fossiliferous fragments, completely disposes of the Rev. W. Downes' theory of volcanic ejection. The facts tend, rather, to prove a drift from the north-east during the period of deposition of the gravels. The grit and sandstone matrices suggest a derivation from the Wiveliscombe end of the Pilton Beds rather than from the more slaty beds found further west. The Devonian fragments in the gravels may even have been derived from a still more easterly extension of the Pilton Beds, now buried under Triassic deposits.