Book contents
- Frontmatter
- CONTENTS
- Acknowledgements
- List of Figures
- Introduction: Sport, Politics and History in Post-War Britain
- Part I Violence and Politics in British Football
- Part II The Total Policy of Containment
- Part III Racism and Cultural Conflict in British Football
- 6 The Football Front: Neo-Fascist and Anti-Fascist Politics in Football, 1977–85
- 7 ‘Ten Years behind the Times’: Racism and Anti-Racism in Football, 1986–98
- 8 ‘A Different Set of Rules’: Black Footballers, Anti-Racism and Whiteness
- Conclusion: Legacies of Violence in British Football
- Notes
- Bibliography
- Index
7 - ‘Ten Years behind the Times’: Racism and Anti-Racism in Football, 1986–98
from Part III - Racism and Cultural Conflict in British Football
- Frontmatter
- CONTENTS
- Acknowledgements
- List of Figures
- Introduction: Sport, Politics and History in Post-War Britain
- Part I Violence and Politics in British Football
- Part II The Total Policy of Containment
- Part III Racism and Cultural Conflict in British Football
- 6 The Football Front: Neo-Fascist and Anti-Fascist Politics in Football, 1977–85
- 7 ‘Ten Years behind the Times’: Racism and Anti-Racism in Football, 1986–98
- 8 ‘A Different Set of Rules’: Black Footballers, Anti-Racism and Whiteness
- Conclusion: Legacies of Violence in British Football
- Notes
- Bibliography
- Index
Summary
In 1994, at the height of the anti-racist campaign in British football, one fanzine editorial read as follows:
The logos and slogans denouncing racism at matches look and sound great, but are ten years behind the times. The time to really stand up and shout was in the seventies/early eighties … The majority of those who verbally abused black players have changed their tune with the emergence of black players throughout the country.
The author concluded, ‘Acceptance comes with integration and there can be no denying there is a totally different mood to that of ten years ago, and before.’ The quote revealed that despite the ongoing efforts of anti-fascist militants, overt expressions of racial abuse within the football environment did not subside until the early 1990s, as widespread public, grass-roots and institutional movements rose to challenge the phenomena. Many felt the activist consensus lagged at least a decade behind the emergence of football racism. As analysis in this chapter will show, fan groups and agencies of the British government capitalized on the opportunity to tackle racism in football by creating a broadly educative and aggressive campaign against overt racisms at football matches. As peaceful multicultural integration became the goal of many British politicians in the 1990s, the development of anti-racism in football became vital to the promotion of harmonious race relations.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Violence and Racism in FootballPolitics and Cultural Conflict in British Society, 1968–1998, pp. 175 - 204Publisher: Pickering & ChattoFirst published in: 2014