Introduction to the Second Edition
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 29 February 2020
Summary
To re-issue Amílcar Cabral's work in South Africa is indeed an emotional experience. It forces us, among other things, to link the question of national liberation struggles to South Africa's chosen path of African renaissance. The political context of a postapartheid South Africa affords the ideal occasion to reflect upon the various values and insights that informed Cabral's understanding of Africa's renaissances. South Africa gained ‘independence’ and ‘freedom’ from minority rule in 1994. However, to speak of ‘independence’ and ‘freedom’ is to use unusual political terms in a South African context, where the term ‘democracy’ is preferred. Whereas official political discourse privileges ‘democracy’, the cultural critics prefer ‘freedom’, a word they are quick to deconstruct:
That freedom in South Africa was largely ceded and bequeathed, rather than seized, all the more foregrounds the diminishment and critical occlusion which marked the process of, and quest for, freedom. Freedom, then becomes a handout and not a reckoning; a guaranteed idea and not a fraught and avidly awaited actuality (Jamal 2003, 23).
Drawing on the cultural critique of Albie Sachs, Ashraf Jamal suggests that whereas the word ‘democracy’ is meant to be a convenience for all South Africans, ‘freedom’
challenges the prohibitions of the unnameable … insists upon the desire to know what it means to be a South African, then it is the insistence upon desire and not a nominal foreclosure that matters (ibid., 25).
Sachs captures the contradictory role of culture in the process of attaining freedom by suggesting that:
Culture in the broad sense is our vision of ourselves and our world. This is a huge task facing our writers and dancers and musicians and painters and filmmakers. It is something that goes well beyond mobilising people for this or that activity, important though mobilisation might be ([our emphasis] Sachs 1990, 146).
Sachs's understanding of the romantic aspect of culture that is always ahead of real life, and consistently attempts to announce the dawn of a new culture, links the South African critic's views on culture to those of Amílcar Cabral. Cabral's writings on culture have lessons for Africa's national liberation struggles and the ethos of panAfricanism that is broadly understood as the inclusive process of political, economic, and cultural reconstitution.
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- Unity and StruggleSelected Speeches and Writings, pp. 1 - 12Publisher: University of South AfricaPrint publication year: 2004