Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-06T06:24:21.527Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

20 - Terror and Trauma in the Cambodian Genocide

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 July 2009

Alexander Hinton
Affiliation:
Associate Professor Department of Anthropology, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ
Laurence J. Kirmayer
Affiliation:
McGill University, Montréal
Robert Lemelson
Affiliation:
University of California, Los Angeles
Mark Barad
Affiliation:
University of California, Los Angeles
Get access

Summary

I continue to think of revenge. But this thought of revenge, it doesn't know how to stop. And we should not have this thought or the matter will grow and keep going on and on for a long time. We should be a person who thinks and acts in accordance with dhamma. [A person who seeks revenge] only creates misery for our society. It is a germ in society. But I continue to think of revenge … The people who killed my brother, who put down his name to get into the truck, are all alive, living in my village. To this day, I still really want revenge. I keep observing them. But, I don't know what to do…. The government forbids it.

– Chlat, whose brother's family was executed by Khmer Rouge

There were many ways to die during Democratic Kampuchea (DK), the genocidal period of Khmer Rouge rule in Cambodia (1975–1979). Some starved to death. Others died from malnutrition and illness. Many more were executed, often en masse, in a genocide that took the lives of more than 1.7 of Cambodia's 8 million inhabitants (Kiernan, 1996) – almost a quarter of the population. Such numbers are almost incomprehensible, yet they fail to take account of the toll such death and destruction took on the survivors, who suffered the loss of friends and loved ones; struggled on in a world of privation and relentless work; tried to survive for another day in a time in which fear, terror, and trauma were omnipresent; and, after DK, attempted to piece together their fractured lives in a society that had been turned upside down.

Type
Chapter
Information
Understanding Trauma
Integrating Biological, Clinical, and Cultural Perspectives
, pp. 433 - 450
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Becker, E. (1998). When the war was over: Cambodia and the Khmer Rouge revolution. New York: Public Affairs.Google Scholar
Boua, C. (1982). Women in today's Cambodia. New Left Review, 131, 45–61.Google Scholar
Chandler, D. P. (1991). The tragedy of Cambodian history: Politics, war, and revolution since 1945. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Chandler, D. P. (1999). Voices from S-21: Terror and history in Pol Pot's secret prison. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Ebihara, M., & Ledgerwood, J. (2002). Aftermaths of Cambodia: Cambodian villagers. In Hinton, A. L. (Ed.), Annihilating difference: The anthropology of genocide. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Eisenbruch, M. (1992). The ritual space of patients and traditional healers in Cambodia. Bulletin de l'Ecole Francaise d'Extreme-Orient, 79(2), 1–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ngor, Haing. (1987). A Cambodian odyssey. New York: Warner Brooks.Google Scholar
Headley, R. K., Chhor, K., Lim, L. K., Kheang, L. K., & Chun, C. (1977). Cambodian–English dictionary. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press.Google Scholar
Heder, S., & Tittemore, B. D. (2001). Seven candidates for prosecution: Accountability for the crimes of the Khmer Rouge. Washington, DC: War Crimes Research Office, American University.Google Scholar
Hinton, A. L. (Ed.). (1999). Biocultural approaches to the emotions. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hinton, A. L. (Ed.). (2002a). Annihilating difference: The anthropology of genocide. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Hinton, A. L. (2002b). Purity and contamination in the Cambodian genocide. In Ledgerwood, J. (Ed.), Cambodia emerges from the past: Eight essays (pp. 60–90). DeKalb, infralimbic cortex: Northern Illinois University Press.Google Scholar
Hinton, A. L. (Ed.). (2002c). Genocide: An anthropological reader. Malden, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Hinton, A. L. (2005). Why did they kill? Cambodia in the shadow of genocide. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Hinton, D., Hinton, S., Um, K., Chea, A., & Sak, S. (2002). The Khmer “weak heart” syndrome: Fear of death from palpitations. Transcultural Psychiatry, 39, 323–344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hinton, D., Um, K., & Ba, P. (2001a). A unique panic-disorder presentation among Khmer refugees: The sore-neck syndrome. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 25(3), 297–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hinton, D., Um, K., & Ba, P. (2001b). Kyol goeu (‘wind overload’) part I: A cultural syndrome of orthostatic panic among Khmer refugees. Transcultural Psychiatry, 38, 403–432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hinton, D., Um, K., & Ba, P. (2001c). Kyol goeu (‘wind overload’) part II: Prevalence, characteristics, and mechanisms of Kyol goeu and near-kyol goeu episodes of Khmer patients attending a psychiatric clinic. Transcultural Psychiatry, 38, 433–460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kapferer, B. (1988). Legends of people, myths of state: Violence, intolerance, and political culture in Sri Lanka and Australia. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.Google Scholar
Khmer dictionary [Vochânanukrâm Khmaer]. (1967). Phnom Penh: Buddhist Institute.
Kiernan, B. (1985). How Pol Pot came to power: A history of communism in Kampuchea, 1930–1975. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Kiernan, B. (1996). The Pol Pot regime: Race, power, and genocide in Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge, 1975–79. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Kleinman, A., Das, V., & Lock, M. M. (Eds.). (1997). Social suffering. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Ledgerwood, J. L. (1990). Changing Khmer conceptions of gender: Woman, stories, and the social order. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.Google Scholar
Mam, T. B. (1997). Worms from our skin. In Paul, K. (Ed.), Children of Cambodia's killing fields: Memoirs by survivors (pp. 11–17). New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Marcucci, J. L. (1986). Khmer refugees in Dallas: Medical decisions in the context of pluralism. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX.Google Scholar
Marcucci, J. L. (1994). Sharing the pain: Critical values and behaviors in Khmer culture. In Ebihara, M. M., Mortland, C. A., & Ledgerwood, J. (Eds.), Cambodian culture since 1975: Homeland and exile (pp. 129–140). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Marston, J. (1997). Cambodia 1991–1994: Hierarchy, neutrality and etiquettes of discourse. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.Google Scholar
Pin Yathay, . (1987). Stay alive, my son. New York: Touchstone.Google Scholar
Reynolds, F. E., & Reynolds, M. B. (Trans.). (1982). Three worlds according to King Ruang: A Thai Buddhist cosmology. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Sargent, C., Marcucci, J., & Elliston, E. (1983). Tiger bones, fire and wine: Maternity care in a Kampuchean refugee community. Medical Anthropology, 7(4), 67–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Short, P. (2005). Pol Pot: Anatomy of a nightmare. New York: Henry Holt.Google Scholar
Smith, F. (1989). Interpretive accounts of the Khmer Rouge years: Personal experience in Cambodian peasant world view. Madison, WI: Center for Southeast Asian Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison.Google Scholar
White, P. M. (1996). Crossing the river: A study of Khmer women's beliefs and practices during pregnancy, birth and postpartum. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Yimsut, R. (1997). The Tonle Sap massacre. In Paul, K. (Ed.), Children of Cambodia's killing fields: Memoirs by survivors (pp. 185–194). New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Young, A. (1995). The harmony of illusions: Inventing post-traumatic stress disorder. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×