Irish (Gaeilge) is spoken both in Irelandand Scotland. in two different varieties, Irish(Gaelic) and Scottish Gaelic. Like Welsh, it is oneof the Celtic languages and thus part of the IndoEuropean languages. Although Irish has the thirdoldest literature in Europe after Latin and Greek,it has now been reduced to the language of aminority on the island of Ireland, spoken daily byabout 150,000 people, most of whom speak English aswell. It is spoken as a first language in countiessuch as Cork, Donegal, Galway and Kerry, as well asin smaller areas of the counties of Mayo and Meathand Waterford. Even though it is an officiallanguage of the country, it is in an endangeredstate, and as such it should be conserved.

Greek is the official language of Greeceand Cyprus. It has 13 million speakers in Greece,Cyprus, southern Albania, as well as in diasporacommunities all over the world and small traditionalpockets of speakers elsewhere in the easternMediterranean. In addition to the modern standardlanguage, there are many dialects. The language iswritten with the traditional alphabet inherited fromAncient Greek, from which it descends but from whichit also significantly differs. The impact of Greekupon the vocabulary of all languages, includingEnglish, has been enormous. Many prefixes such as,-poli (many), ‒tele (distance) andsuffixes such as -gram(letter), phobia, areused in the majority of languages. Modern Greekliterature started flourishing around 1600, andsince the nineteenth century there has been a steadystream of novels and poetry collections written inGreek.