Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T14:57:38.887Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Eleven - Trade, Traders, and Trading Systems: Macromodeling of Trade, Commerce, and Civilization in the Indian Ocean

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 July 2018

Kristian Kristiansen
Affiliation:
Göteborgs Universitet, Sweden
Thomas Lindkvist
Affiliation:
Göteborgs Universitet, Sweden
Janken Myrdal
Affiliation:
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Trade and Civilisation
Economic Networks and Cultural Ties, from Prehistory to the Early Modern Era
, pp. 279 - 319
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abraham, M. (1988). Two Medieval Merchant Guilds of South India. New Delhi: Manohar Publishers.Google Scholar
Abu-Lughod, J. L. (1991). Before European Hegemony: The World System AD 1250–1350. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Alam, M. and Subrahmanyam, S. (1998). Introduction. In Alam, M. and Subrahmanyam, S., eds., The Mughal State, 1526–1750. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, pp. 174.Google Scholar
Allouche, A. (1983). The Origins and Development of the Ottoman-Safavid Conflict (906–962/1500–1555). Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag.Google Scholar
Altekar, A. S. (2002). State and Government in Ancient India: Lucknow. Delhi, India: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers.Google Scholar
Altpeter-Jones, K. (2011). When wealth was good and poverty sin: Profit, greed, generosity, and the creation of the noble merchant in Konrad Fleck’s Flôre und Blanscheflûr. Journal of English and Germanic Philology, 110(1), pp. 121.Google Scholar
Andreau, J. (1999). Banking and Business in the Roman World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bandy, M. S. (2004). Trade and social power in the Southern Titicaca Basin Formative. Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association, 14(9), pp. 1111.Google Scholar
Bang, P. F. (2007). Trade and empire: In search of organizing concepts for the Roman economy. Past and Present, 195(1), pp. 354.Google Scholar
Barfield, T. J. (2001). The shadow empires: Imperial state formation along the Chinese-Nomad frontier. In Alcock, S. E., D’Altroy, T., Morrison, K., and Sinopoli, C., eds., Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology to History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1041.Google Scholar
Barzegar, K. N. (2000). Mughal-Iranian Relations during the Sixteenth Century. New Delhi: Indian Bibliographies Bureau.Google Scholar
Bayly, C. A. (1988). Rulers, TownsMen and Bazaars: North Indian Society in the Age of British Expansion, 1770–1870. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Beaujard, P. (2005). The Indian Ocean in Eurasian and African world-systems before the sixteenth century. Journal of World History, 16(4), pp. 411465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, A. R., Brooks, C. and Dryburgh, P. (2007). Interest rates and efficiency in medieval wool forward contracts. Journal of Banking and Finance, 31(2), pp. 361380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bellina, B. (2003). Beads, social change and interaction between India and South-east Asia. Antiquity, 77(296), pp. 285297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boesche, R. (2003). The First Great Political Realist: Kautilya and His Arthashastra. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
Bowen, H. V. (2006). The Business of Empire: The East India Company and Imperial Britain, 1756–1833. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bremmer, I. (2006). The J-Curve: A New Way to Understand Why Nations Rise and Fall. New York: Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar
Bronson, B. (1988). The role of barbarians in the fall of states. In Yoffee, N. and Cowgill, G., eds., The Collapse of Ancient States and Civilizations. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, pp. 196218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bronson, B. (1990). Export porcelain in economic perspective: The Asian ceramic trade in the seventeenth century. In Chuimei, Ho, ed., Ancient Ceramic Kiln Technology in Asia. Hong Kong: Centre of Asian Studies, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Press, pp. 126151.Google Scholar
Burt, R. S. (1992) Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Burt, R. S. (2005). Brokerage and Closure: An Introduction to Social Capital. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Calmard, J. (2000). The Iranian merchants: The formation and rise of a pressure group between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries. In Lombard, D. and Aubin, J., eds., Asian Merchants and Businessmen in the Indian Ocean and the China Sea. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, pp. 87104.Google Scholar
Carman, B. W. (1913). Ships of yule. In Echoes from Vagabondia. Boston: Small, Maynard and Company, pp. 89.Google Scholar
Casson, L., ed. (1989). The Periplus Maris Erythraei: Text with Introduction, Translation, and Commentary. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Chakravarti, R., ed. (2002). Trade and Traders in Early Indian Society. New Delhi: Manohar Publishers.Google Scholar
Champakalakshmi, R. (1999). Trade, Ideology and Urbanization: South India 300 BC to AD 1300. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Chandra, M. (1977). Trade and Trade Routes in Ancient India. New Delhi: Abhinav Publications.Google Scholar
Chattopadhyaya, B. D. (1994). The Making of Early Medieval India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Chaudhuri, K. N. (1996). The structure of the Indian textile industry in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In Michael Adas, ed., Technology and European Overseas Enterprise: Diffusion, Adaption, and Adoption. Aldershot, UK: Variorum, pp. 343–398.Google Scholar
Cobb, M. A. (2013). The reception and consumption of eastern goods in Roman society. Greece and Rome, second series, 60(1), pp. 136152.Google Scholar
Cohen, A. (1971). Cultural strategies in the organization of trading diasporas. In Meillassoux, C., ed., The Development of Indigenous Trade and Markets in West Africa. London: Oxford University Press, pp. 266278.Google Scholar
Curtin, P. D. (1984). Cross-Cultural Trade in World History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dale, S. F. (2002). Indian Merchants and Eurasian Trade, 1600–1750. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Das Gupta, A. and Dasgupta, U., eds. (2001). The World of the Indian Ocean Merchant, 1500–1800: Collected Essays of Ashin Das Gupta. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Das Gupta, A. and Pearson, M. N., eds. (1987). India and the Indian Ocean, 1500–1800. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dercksen, J. G., ed. (1999). Trade and Finance in Ancient Mesopotamia: Proceedings of the First MOS Symposium (Leiden 1997). PIHANS 84. Leiden, The Netherlands: Het Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten.Google Scholar
Dhavalikar, M. K. (1996). Environment: Its influence on history and culture in western India. Indica, 33(2), pp. 81118.Google Scholar
Dhavalikar, M. K. (1999). The Golden Age and After: Perspectives in Historical Archaeology. Presidential Address to the Indian Historical Congress Platinum Jubilee (60th) session, Calicut, India.Google Scholar
Dhavalikar, M. K. (2002). Environment and Culture: A Historical Perspective. Pune, India: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute.Google Scholar
Doniger, W. (1975). Hindu Myths: A Sourcebook. London Penguin Classics.Google Scholar
Dow, S. C. (2010). Economics and moral sentiments: The case of moral hazard. Paper Presented to the CES Workshop on “Facts, Values and Objectivity,” Coimbra. Available at www.ces.uc.pt/iframe/eventos/pdfs/sheila_c_dow.pdf (accessed March 2010).Google Scholar
Dunstan, H. (2006). State or Merchant: Political Economy and Political Process in 1740s China. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Duyvendak, J. J. L., trans. (1928). The Book of Lord Shang. London: Arthur Probsthain.Google Scholar
Fagan, B. M. (2000). The Little Ice Age: How Climate Made History, 1300–1850. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Farooqi, N. M. (1989). Mughal-Ottoman Relations: A Study of Political and Diplomatic Relations between Mughal India and the Ottoman Empire, 1556–1748. New Delhi: Idarah-I-Adabiyat.Google Scholar
Finkel, C. (2006). Osman’s Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire, 1300–1923. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Fitzpatrick, M. P. (2011). Provincializing Rome: The Indian Ocean trade network and Roman imperialism. Journal of World History, 22(1), pp. 2754.Google Scholar
Folbre, N. (2009). Greed, Lust and Gender: A History of Economic Ideas. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Font, M. (2011). The crises of medieval society: The Mongol invasion in Eastern and Central Europe. Anthropos, 106, pp. 691698.Google Scholar
Gmelch, S. B. (1986). Groups that don’t want in: Gypsies and other artisan, trader, and entertainer minorities. Annual Review of Anthropology, 15, pp. 307330.Google Scholar
Gogte, V. D. (1999). Petra, the Periplus and ancient Indo-Arabian maritime trade. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan, 43, pp. 299304.Google Scholar
Gogte, V. D. (2003). Discovery of the ancient Port of Chaul. Man and Environment 28 (1): 6774.Google Scholar
Goitein, S. D. and Friedman, M., eds. (2008). India Traders of the Middle Ages: Documents from the Cairo Geniza’ India Book’. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.Google Scholar
Hall, K. R. (1981). The expansion of maritime trade in the Indian Ocean and its impact upon early state development in the Malay world. Review of Indonesian and Malayan Affairs, 15, pp. 108135.Google Scholar
Hann, C. M. and Hart, K., eds. (2009). Market and Society: The Great Transformation Today. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hansen, I. L. and Wickham, C., eds. (2000). “The” Long Eighth Century. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hardiman, D. (1996). Usury, dearth and famine in Western India. Past and Present, 152(1), pp. 113156.Google Scholar
Haslag, J. and Pecchenino, R. (2005). Crony capitalism and financial system stability. Economic Inquiry, 43(1), pp. 2438.Google Scholar
Heck, G. W., 2006. Charlemagne, Muhammad, and the Arab Roots of Capitalism. Berlin: de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Hellman, J. S., Jones, G. and Kaufmann, D. (2003). Seize the state, seize the day: State capture and influence in transition economies. Journal of Comparative Economics, 31(4), pp. 751773.Google Scholar
Ho, E. (2006). The Graves of Tarim: Genealogy and Mobility across the Indian Ocean, Vol. 3. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodges, R. (1989). Dark Age Economics: The Origins of Town and Trade AD 600–1000. London: Gerald Duckworth.Google Scholar
Hodges, R. (1997). Light in the Dark Ages: The Rise and Fall of San Vincenzo al Volturno. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Hudson, G. F. (1931). Europe and China: A Survey of Their Relations from the Earliest Times to 1800. London: E. Arnold and Sons.Google Scholar
Hunt, E. S. and Murray, J. (1999). A History of Business in Medieval Europe, 1200–1550. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hyde, J. (2008). GM’s “Engine Charlie” Wilson learned to live with a misquote. Detroit Free Press. September 14. Available at www.freep.com/article/20080914/BUSINESS01/809140308/GM-s-Engine-Charlie-Wilson-learned-live-misquote (accessed February 3, 2014).Google Scholar
Jabbari, H. (2004). Trade and Commerce between Iran and India during the Safavid Period (1555–1707). New Delhi: Indian Bibliographies Bureau.Google Scholar
Jain, V. K. (1990). Trade and Traders in Western India, AD 100–1300. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers.Google Scholar
Jowett, B., trans. (1908). Aristotle’s Politics. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Kawthekar, P. N. (1979). The Panis in the Rgveda. R̥tam, 11, pp. 215232.Google Scholar
Kennedy, K. A. and Possehl, G. L. (2012). Were there commercial communications between prehistoric Harappans and African populations? Advances in Anthropology, 2(4), pp. 169180.Google Scholar
Kenoyer, J. M. (1997). Trade and technology of the Indus Valley: New insights from Harappa, Pakistan. World Archaeology, 29(2), pp. 262280.Google Scholar
Khan, I. A. (1976). The middle classes in the Mughal Empire. Social Scientist, pp. 2849.Google Scholar
Kingsley, S. A. and Decker, M. J., eds. (2001). Economy and Exchange in the East Mediterranean during Late Antiquity: Proceedings of a Conference at Somerville College, Oxford, 29th May, 1999. Oxford: Oxbow Books.Google Scholar
Kipp, R. S. and Schortman, E. M. (1989). The political impact of trade in chiefdoms. American Anthropologist, 91, pp. 370385.Google Scholar
Kling, B. B. and Pearson, M. N., eds. (1979). The Age of Partnership: Europeans in Asia before Dominion. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii.Google Scholar
Knapp, A. B. (1993). Thalassocracies in Bronze Age Eastern Mediterranean Trade: Making and breaking a myth. World Archaeology, 24, pp. 332347.Google Scholar
Kohl, P. L. (1987). The use and abuse of world systems theory: The case of the pristine West Asian state. Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, 11, pp. 135.Google Scholar
Kulke, H. and Rothermund, D. (1998). A History of India. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Kusimba, C. M. (1999). The Rise and Fall of Swahili States. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.Google Scholar
Kusimba, C. M. (2008). Early African cities: Their role in the shaping of urban and rural interaction spheres. In Marcus, J. and Sabloff, J. A., eds., The Ancient City: New Perspectives on Urbanism in the Old and the New World. Santa Fe, NM: School for American Research Press, pp. 229246.Google Scholar
Lahiri, N. (1992). The Archaeology of Indian Trade Routes up to c. 200 BC: Resources Use, Resource Access and Lines of Communication. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lamberg-Karlovsky, C. C. (1975). Third millennium modes of exchange and modes of production. In Sabloff, J. A. and Lamberg Karlovsky, C. C., eds., Ancient Civilization and Trade. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, pp. 341368.Google Scholar
Landa, J. T. (1994). Trust, Ethnicity, and Identity: Beyond the New Institutional Economics of Ethnic Trading Networks, Contract Law, and Gift Exchange. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Larsen, M. T. (1977). Partnerships in the Old Assyrian trade. Iraq, 39, pp. 119145.Google Scholar
Latouche, R. (2006). The Birth of the Western Economy: Economic Aspects of the Dark Ages. New York: Taylor and Francis.Google Scholar
Law, R. (1992). Posthumous questions for Karl Polanyi: Price inflation in pre-colonial Dahomey. Journal of African History, 33(3), pp. 387420.Google Scholar
Lawall, M. L. and van Alfen, P., eds. (2011) Caveat Emptor: A Collection of Papers on Imitations in Ancient Greco-Roman Commerce. Marburger Beiträge zur Antiken Handels-, Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte, 28. Rahden, Germany: Verlag Marie Leidorf.Google Scholar
Lejju, B. J., Robertshaw, P. and Taylor, D. (2006). Africa’s earliest bananas? Journal of Archaeological Science, 33, pp. 102113.Google Scholar
Leonard, K. (1998). The “great firm” theory of the decline of the Mughal Empire. In Alam, M. and Subrahmanyam, S., eds., The Mughal State, 1526–1750. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, pp. 398419.Google Scholar
Li, P. P. (2008). The duality of crony corruption in economic transition: Toward an integrated framework. Journal of Business Ethics, 85, pp. 4155.Google Scholar
Lomnitz, L. (1988). Informal exchange networks in formal systems: A theoretical model. American Anthropologist, 90, pp. 4255.Google Scholar
Mauss, M. (1990). The Gift: The Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies. Translated by W. D. Halls. London: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
McIntosh, R. J. and McIntosh, S. K. (1981). The Inland Niger delta before the empire of Mali: Evidence from Jenne-Jeno. The Journal of African History, 22(1), pp. 122.Google Scholar
McNeil, W. H. (1999). A World History. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Moore, J. C. (2011). When not just any wine will do…? The proliferation of coan-type wine and amphoras in the Greco-Roman world. Marburger Beiträge zur antiken Handels-, Wirtschafts-und Sozialgeschichte, 28, pp. 89122.Google Scholar
Moosvi, S. (1987). The Economy of the Mughal Empire, c. 1595: A Statistical Study. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Morgan, D. and Morgan, D. O. (2009). The decline and fall of the Mongol Empire. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 19(4), pp. 427437.Google Scholar
Morrison, K. D. (1995). Trade, urbanism, and agricultural expansion: Buddhist monastic institutions and the state in the Early Historic western Deccan. World Archaeology, 27(2), pp. 203221.Google Scholar
Morrison, K. D. (1997). Commerce and culture in South Asia: Perspectives from archaeology and history. Annual Review of Anthropology, 26, pp. 87108.Google Scholar
Mukminova, R. G. (1996). The Timurid states in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. History of Civilizations of Central Asia, 4(1), pp. 347363.Google Scholar
Naqvi, H. K. (1986). Agricultural, Industrial, and Urban Dynamism under the Sultans of Delhi, 1206–1555. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers.Google Scholar
Nicolle, D. (1990). The Age of Tamerlane. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.Google Scholar
Northrup, D. (1972). The growth of trade among the Igbo before 1880. The Journal of African History, 13(2), pp. 217236.Google Scholar
O’Brien, J. and Roseberry, W., eds. (1991). Golden Ages, Dark Ages: Imagining the Past in Anthropology and History. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Oka, R. C. (2006). Network or bust: Network stability through co-operation for trade continuity among merchant communities of Afrasia. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the American Anthropological Association, San Jose, CA, November.Google Scholar
Oka, R. C. (2008). Resilience and adaptation of trade networks in East African and South Asian port polities, 1500–1800 CE. PhD thesis. University of Illinois, Chicago.Google Scholar
Oka, R. C. (2011). Unlikely cities in the desert: The informal economy as causal agent for permanent “urban” sustainability in Kakuma refugee camp, Kenya. Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems and World Economic Development, 40(3–4), pp. 223262.Google Scholar
Oka, R. C. (2014). Coping with the refugee wait: The role of consumption, normalcy, and dignity in refugee lives at Kakuma, Kenya. American Anthropologist, 116(1), pp. 115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oka, R. C. and Fuentes, A. (2010). From reciprocity to trade: How cooperative infrastructures form the basis of human socio-economic evolution. In Marshall, R., ed., Cooperation in Economy and Society. Monographs in Economic Anthropology 28. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira Press, pp. 343.Google Scholar
Oka, R. C. and Kuijt, I. (2014). Greed is bad, neutral, and good: A historical perspective on excessive accumulation and consumption. Economic Anthropology 1(1), special issue, pp. 3047.Google Scholar
Oka, R. C. and Kusimba, C.M. (2008). The archaeology of trading systems, part 1: Towards a new trade synthesis. Journal of Archaeological Research, 16(4), pp. 339395.Google Scholar
Oka, R. C., Kusimba, C. M. and Gogte, V. D. (2009a). Where others fear to trade: Modeling adaptive resilience in ethnic trading networks to famines, maritime warfare, and imperial stability in the growing Indian Ocean economy, ca. 1500–1700 CE. In Jones, E. C. and Murphy, A., eds., The Political Economy of Hazards and Disasters. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira Press, pp. 201240.Google Scholar
Oka, R. C., Dussubieux, L., Kusimba, C. M. and Gogte, V. D. (2009b). The impact of imitation ceramics and internal political restrictions on Chinese commercial ceramic exports in the Indian Ocean maritime exchange, ca. 1200–1700. In McCarthy, B., ed., Scientific Research on Historic Asian Ceramics: Proceedings of the Fourth Forbes Symposium at the Freer Gallery of Art. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, Archetype Publications, pp. 175185.Google Scholar
O’Rourke, K. H. and Williamson, J. G. (2002). When did globalisation begin? European Review of Economic History, 6(1), pp. 2350.Google Scholar
Osborne, R. (1996). Pots, trade and the archaic Greek economy. Antiquity, 70(267), pp. 3144.Google Scholar
Padgett, J. F. and McLean, P. D. (2006). Organizational invention and elite transformation: The birth of partnership systems in Renaissance Florence. American Journal of Sociology, 111(5), pp. 14631568.Google Scholar
Paterson, J. (1998). Trade and traders in the Roman world: Scale, structure, and organisation. In Parkins, H. and Smith, C. H., eds., Trade, Traders and the Ancient City. London: Routledge, pp. 157158.Google Scholar
Pearson, M. N. (1994). Pious Passengers: The Hajj in Earlier Times. London: Hurst.Google Scholar
Pearson, M. N. (1996). Pilgrimage to Mecca: The Indian Experience, 1500–1800. Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Publishers.Google Scholar
Pearson, M. N. (1998). Port Cities and Intruders: The Swahili Coast, India, and Portugal in the Early Modern Era. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Pearson, M. N. (2003). The Indian Ocean. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polanyi, K., Arensberg, C. M. and Pearson, H. W., eds. (1957). Trade and Market in the Early Empires: Economies in History and Theory. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.Google Scholar
Pollard, E. A. (2009). Pliny’s Natural History and the Flavian Templum Pacis: Botanical imperialism in first-century CE Rome. Journal of World History, 20(3), pp. 309338.Google Scholar
Pomeranz, K. (2009). The Great Divergence: China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern World Economy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Rangarajan, L. N., ed. (1992). The Arthashastra. New Delhi: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Ratnagar, S, (2001). The Bronze Age: Unique instance of a preindustrial world system? Current Anthropology, 42(3), pp. 351379.Google Scholar
Ray, H. P. (2003). The Archaeology of Seafaring in Ancient South Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ray, H. P. and Alpers, E. A., eds. (2007). Cross Currents and Community Networks: The History of the Indian Ocean World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Robertshaw, P. (2003). Examining the origins of the state in East Africa. In Kusimba, C. M. and Kusimba, S. B., eds., East African Archaeology: Foragers, Potters, Smiths and Traders. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, pp. 149166.Google Scholar
Sarkar, B. K., trans. (1914). Sukraniti. Allahabad, India: Indian Press.Google Scholar
Schaede, U. (1989). Forwards and futures in Tokugawa-period Japan: A new perspective on the Dōjima rice market. Journal of Banking and Finance, 13(4), pp. 487513.Google Scholar
Seldeslachts, E. (2007). Greece, the final frontier? The westward spread of Buddhism. In Heirman, A. and Bumbacher, S. P., eds., The Spread of Buddhism. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, pp. 131166.Google Scholar
Sharma, R. S. (1987). Urban Decay in India, c. 300–c. 1000. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal.Google Scholar
Shendge, M. J. (2003). The Civilized Demons: The Harappans in Rigveda. New Delhi: Abhinav Publications.Google Scholar
Sherratt, S. (2010). Greeks and Phoenicians: Perceptions of trade and traders in the early first millennium BCE. In Bauer, A. A. and Agbe-Davies, A. S., eds., Social Archaeologies of Trade and Exchange: Exploring Relationships among People, Places, and Things. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, pp. 119142.Google Scholar
Sherratt, S. and Sherratt, A. (1993). The growth of the Mediterranean economy in the early first millennium BC. World Archaeology, 24(3), pp. 361378.Google Scholar
Singh, B. (1993). Trade and commerce in the Vedic Age. In Deo, S. B. and Kāmat, S., eds., The Aryan Problem: Papers Presented at the Seminar on the Aryan Problem Held at Bangalore in July 1991. Maharashtra, India: Bharatiya Itihasa Sankalana Samiti, pp. 192203.Google Scholar
Smith, A. (1976). An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Smith, A. (2004). The Theory of Moral Sentiments. New York: Barnes and Noble.Google Scholar
Stein, G. J. (1999). Rethinking world-systems: Power, distance, and diasporas in the dynamics of interregional interaction. In Kardulias, P. N., ed., World-Systems Theory in Practice: Leadership, Production, and Exchange. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, pp. 153177.Google Scholar
Stein, G. J. (2002). From passive periphery to active agents: Emerging perspectives in the archaeology of interregional interaction. American Anthropologist 104: 903916.Google Scholar
Subrahmanyam, S. (2000). Foreword. In Denys Lombard and Jean Aubin, eds., Asian Merchants and Businessmen in the Indian Ocean and the China Sea. Delhi: Oxford University Press, pp. vix.Google Scholar
Subrahmanyam, S. (2001a). Introduction: The Indian Ocean World and Ashin Das Gupta. In Das Gupta, A. and Das Gupta, U., eds., The World of the Indian Ocean Merchant, 1500–1800: Collected Essays of Ashin Das Gupta. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, pp. 120.Google Scholar
Subrahmanyam, S. (2001b). Penumbral Visions: Making Polities in Early Modern South India. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Tainter, J. A. (1988). The Collapse of Complex Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tainter, J. A. (2006). Archaeology of overshoot and collapse. Annual Reviews in Anthropology, 35, pp. 5974.Google Scholar
Temin, P. (2001). A market economy in the Early Roman Empire. The Journal of Roman Studies, 91, pp. 169181.Google Scholar
Tett, G. (2009). Fool’s Gold: How the Bold Dream of a Small Tribe at J. P. Morgan Was Corrupted by Wall Street Greed and Unleashed a Catastrophe. New York: Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar
Thomson, J. E. (1996). Mercenaries, Pirates, and Sovereigns: State-Building and Extraterritorial Violence in Early Modern Europe. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Udovitch, A. L. (1970). Partnership and Profit in Medieval Islam. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Upadhyaya, H. S. (1966). Craftsmen’s and tradesmen’s castes in Indian proverbs. Proverbium, 4, pp. 7183.Google Scholar
Veenhof, K. R. (1977). Some social effects of old Assyrian trade. Iraq, 39, pp. 109118.Google Scholar
Vink, M. P. (2007). Indian Ocean studies and the “new thalassology.” Journal of Global History, 2(1), pp. 4162.Google Scholar
Warburton, D. A. (1998). Economic thinking in Egyptology. Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur, Bd. 26. Hamburg, Germany: Helmut Buske Verlag GmbH, pp. 143–170.Google Scholar
Weber, S. A. (1998). Out of Africa: The initial impact of millets in South Asia. Current Anthropology, 39(2), pp. 267274.Google Scholar
Weiner, A. B. (1992). Inalienable Possessions: The Paradox of Keeping-While-Giving. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Wenke, R. J. (1997). City-states, nation-states and territorial states: The problem of Egypt. In Nichols, D. L. and Charlton, T. H., eds., The Archaeology of City States: Cross Cultural Approaches. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, pp. 2750.Google Scholar
Wheatley, P. (1975). Satyanrta in Suvarnadvipa: From reciprocity to redistribution in ancient Southeast Asia. In Sabloff, J. A. and Lamberg-Karlovsky, C. C., eds., Ancient Civilization and Trade. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, pp. 227284.Google Scholar
Will, E. L. (1991). The Mediterranean amphoras from Arikamedu. In Begley, V. and de Puma, R. D., eds., Rome and India: The Ancient Sea Trade. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, pp. 151156.Google Scholar
Will, P. E. (1990). Bureaucracy and Famine in Eighteenth Century China. Translated by E. Forster. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Woolf, G. (1992). Imperialism, empire and the integration of the Roman economy. World Archaeology 23: 283293.Google Scholar
Yoffee, N. (2004). Myths of the Archaic State: Evolution of the Earliest Cities, States, and Civilizations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Young, G. K. (2001). Rome’s Eastern Trade: International Commerce and Imperial Policy, 31 B.C.–A.D. 305. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Zhang, C. (2007). The Evolution of attitudes towards commerce in the history of Chinese economic thought. PhD thesis. Curtin University of Technology.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×