The Omani Renaissance was a “rebirth” of Oman’s past. As such, heritage and preservation of the past were a part of Oman’s development goals. Ancient communities living in the geographical regions encompassed by the Sultanate of Oman have long played a key role in the development of cultural traditions and trade networks that link Eastern Arabia to the regions further to the east and west (Figure 2.1). The history of these communities and their contributions to world history are well documented and represented in the recently opened National Museum in Muscat. This museum has wellarticulated introductions in Arabic and English relating to the archaeological and cultural heritage of Oman and Eastern Arabia as a whole. Many other museums have also been established in different major cities and form part of the legacy that can be directly attributed to the vision of His Majesty the late Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al-Said who began his rule in 1970. Archaeological surveys and excavations were occasionally carried out prior to this time, but he issued formal decrees regarding the importance of heritage preservation (Al-Busaidi 2004: 35) and established important institutions to carry out the formidable task of investigating, preserving, and presenting the cultural heritage of the nation. The Ministry of Heritage and Culture was established in 1976, the National Heritage Protection Law was set up in 1980, and many other heritage projects were undertaken under the Office of the Adviser to His Majesty the Sultan for Cultural Affairs. In addition, Sultan Qaboos University enrolled its first students in 1986 and today includes departments of Archaeology, History, Geography, Tourism, and Earth Sciences that all contribute to the documentation and preservation of national heritage sites and buildings. The previous Minister of Heritage and Culture, His Majesty Sultan Haitham bin Tariq Al-Said was selected by the late Sultan to be his successor and in 2020 the new ruler combined the first two institutions under a single entity now titled the Ministry of Heritage and Tourism. Because of the long-term continuities of vision and leadership, the Sultanate of Oman stands out as a unique example of how the heritage of a nation can be studied, preserved, and presented to its own population as well as the whole world.