The embryology laboratory is a key component of any in-vitro fertilization programme. It is there that firstly the oocytes and sperm and then the embryos are nurtured during the IVF process. In this chapter the physical requirements, procedures and techniques will be discussed, with mention of the different options as appropriate.

The actual process of IVF involves a number of steps:

1. collection of oocytes

2. preparation of semen samples

3. insemination of the oocytes

4. checking for fertilization

5. culturing the embryos

6. transfer of the embryos

7. embryo cryopreservation and storage.

As a result of its function, the laboratory must be appropriately located, sized and equipped. However, there are a number of different ways of setting up the laboratory.

Since the first development of IVF, three methods of providing embryology services have evolved: the static dedicated laboratory, the mobile laboratory, and the transport IVF laboratory. The static dedicated laboratory is usually located within the immediate vicinity of where oocyte collection and embryo transfer are performed. The mobile laboratory is a fully equipped laboratory capable of setting up a service completely independently of the parent unit. The transport IVF laboratory is a combination of the preceding two situations. Oocyte collections are performed at a site distant from the parent laboratory and the oocytes are transported to the main laboratory for the remainder of the IVF process.

As well as the main laboratory, a number of support systems are required.