Adams, R. (2013). Number of students going on to higher education almost reaches 50%. The Guardian, Wednesday, 24 April 2013. www.theguardian.com/education/2013/apr/24/students-higher-education-almost-50-per-cent Retrieved 30 May 2014

Adler, R., Rosenfeld, L. and Proctor, R. F. II. (2013). Interplay: The Process of Interpersonal Communication. Oxford University Press

Advisory Committee on Student Financial Assistance. (2012). Pathways to Success. Integrating Learning with Life and Work to Increase National College Completion: A Report to the U. S. Congress and Secretary of Education. Washington, DC: U.S. Government. www2.ed.gov/about/bdscomm/list/acsfa/ptsreport2.pdf Retrieved 24 October 2014

Alderman, G. (2010). Why university standards have fallen. The Guardian, Wednesday 10 March 2010. www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/mar/10/universities-standards-blair-target Retrieved 6 June 2014

Allen, J. P. (1975). Some basic concepts in linguistics, in Allen, J. P. and Corder, S. Pit (eds.), Papers in Applied Linguistics. London: Oxford University Press

Allwright, J. and Banerjee, J. (1997). Investigating the Accuracy of Admissions Criteria: A Case Study in a British University. Lancaster: Centre for Research in Language Education, Lancaster University

Alptekin, C. (2002). Toward intercultural communicative competence in ELT. ELT Journal, 1(1), 57–64Google Scholar

Anderson, J. R. (1983). The Architecture of Cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

Anderson, J. R. (1995). Learning and Memory: An Integrated Approach. New York: Wiley

Arkoudis, S. and Tran, L. (2010). Writing blah, blah, blah: Lecturers’ approaches and challenges in supporting international students. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 22(2), 169–178Google Scholar

Arkoudis, S., Baik, C. and Richardson, S. (2012). English Language Standards in Higher Education. Camberwell, Victoria: ACER (Australian Council for Educational Research) Press

Aschaffenburg, K. and Mass, I. (1997). Cultural and educational careers: The dynamics of social reproduction. American Sociological Review, 62: 573–87Google Scholar

Association of Academic Language and Learning. Degrees of Proficiency (2014). (Website designed as part of the Office of Learning and Teaching project titled Degrees of Proficiency: Building a strategic approach to university students’ English language assessment and development, 2011–13. [Dunworth, K., Drury, H., Kralik, C. and Moore, T.]). www.degreesofproficiency.aall.org.au Retrieved 28 June 2014

Attwood, R. (2009). QAA reveals guidelines to counter ‘dumbing-down’ fears. Times Higher Education, 11 May 2009. www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/qaa-reveals-guidelines-to-counter-dumbing-down-fears/406498.article Retrieved 14 July 2013

Austin, J. L. (1962). How to Do Things with Words. Oxford: Clarendon Press

Australian Bureau of Statistics (2013). 3412.0 – Migration, Australia, 2011–12 and 2012–13: Australia's Population by Country of Birth. www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/Lookup/3412.0Chapter12011-12%20and%202012–13 Retrieved 22 June 2014

Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2013). 4102.0 – Australian Social Trends, Dec 2011. www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/Lookup/4102.0Main+Features20Dec+2011 Retrieved 6 June 2014

Australian Government: Department of Immigration and Border Protection. www.immi.gov.au/skilled/general-skilled-migration/skilled-occupations/skills-assessed.htm Retrieved 7 June 2014

Bachman, L. (1990). Fundamental Considerations in Language Testing. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Bachman, L. and Palmer, A. (1996). Language Testing in Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Baik, C. and Greig, J. (2009). Improving the academic outcomes of undergraduate ESL students: The case for discipline-based academic skills programs. Higher Education Research & Development, 28(4), 401–16Google Scholar

Baker, C. (2011). Foundations of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism (Edition). Multilingual Matters

Baker, S. (2013). London Met visa ban lifted. Times Higher Education, 9 April 2013. www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/london-met-visa-ban-lifted/2003073.article Retrieved 18 October 2014

Banks, M. and Lawrence, R. (2008). Outcomes for graduates, in Banks, M. and Olsen, A. (eds.), Outcomes and Impacts of International Education: From International Student to Australian Graduate, the Journey of a Lifetime, pp. 23–48. IDP Education

Barker, M., Hibbins, R. and Farrelly, B. (2011). Walking the talk: Fostering a sense of global citizenry amongst staff in higher education, in Clifford, V. and Montgomery, C. (eds.), Moving Towards Internationalisation of the Curriculum for Global Citizenship in Higher Education, pp. 47–68. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University

Baron, R. S., Kerr, N. L. and Miller, N. (1996). Group Process, Group Decision, Group Action. Buckingham: Open University Press

Barrett-Lennard, S., Dunworth, K. and Harris, A. (2011). The Good Practice Principles: Silver bullet or starter gun? Journal of Academic Language and Learning, 5(2), A99–106. Wellington, New Zealand: International First Year in Higher Education ConferenceGoogle Scholar

Bassnett, S. (2012). Speed trap sprung. Times Higher Education, 20 September 2012. www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/comment/columnists/speed-trap-sprung/421187.article Retrieved 7 June 2014

Baty, P. (2004). Caught in vicious cycle of declining standards. The Times Higher Education, 19 November 2004. www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/caught-in-vicious-cycle-of-declining-standards/192504.article Retrieved 2 February 2014

Bayless, A. and Ingram, D. E. (2006). IELTS as a predictor of academic language performance. Australian International Education Conference 2006. aiec.idp.com/uploads/pdf/BaylissIngram%20(Paper)%20Wed%201630%20MR5.pdf Retrieved 15 June 2013

BBC News. (2010). Foreign students not ‘cash cows’, says British Council. BBC News, 26 March 2010. news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/8584819.stm Retrieved 8 July 2014

BBC News: Wales. (2012). Lecturer claims pressure to accept substandard work from overseas students. BBC News: Wales, 16 October 2012. www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-19945919 Retrieved 8 June 2014

Bellingham, L. (1993). The relationship of language proficiency to academic success for international students. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 30(2), 229–32Google Scholar

Bennett, N., Dunne, E. and Carré, B. (2000). Skills Development in Higher Education and Employment. Buckingham: The Society for Research into Higher Education

Benoit, P. and Graham, S. (2005). Leadership excellence: Constructing the role of department chair. Academic Leadership: The Online Journal. 3(1). www.academicleadership.org/volume3/issue1/articles/5/5_full Retrieved 19 February 2015Google Scholar

Beretta, A. (1990). Implementation of the Bangalore project. Applied Linguistics, 11(4), 321−337Google Scholar

Berko, R. M., Wolvin, A. D. and Wolvin, D. R. (eds.) (2007). Communicating: A Social and Career Focus. New York: Pearson

Berns, M. (1990). Contexts of Competence: Social and Cultural Considerations in Communicative Language Teaching. New York: Plenum Press

Berry, B. and Lewkowicz, J. (2000). Exit-tests: Is there an alternative? Hong Kong Journal of Applied Linguistics, 5(1), 19−49Google Scholar

Bhatt, R. M. (2002). Experts, dialects, and discourse. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 12(1), 74–109Google Scholar

Billig, M. (2013). Learn to Write Badly. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Birdwhistell, R. L. (1952). Introduction to Kinesics. Louisville: University of Louisville Press

Birdwhistell, R. (1970). Kinesics and Context. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press

Birrell, B. (2006). Implications of low English standards among overseas students at Australian universities. People and Place, 14 (4), 53–64Google Scholar

Birrell, B. and Hawthorne, L. (1996). Immigrants and the professions. People and Place, 4(4), 1–11Google Scholar

Bizzell, P. (1982). Cognition, Convention, and Certainty: What We Need to Know about Writing. PRE-TEXT 3, 213–241Google Scholar

Bizzell, P. (1992). Academic Discourse and Critical Consciousness. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press

Bohemia, E., Farrell, H., Power, C. and Salter, C. (2007). Embedding literacy skills in design curriculum. Conference paper proceedings: ConnectED 2007: International Conference on Design Education, Sydney [Online]. Available from: nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/25/ Retrieved 19 June 2014

Bool, H., Dunmore, D., Tonkyn, A., Schmitt, D. and Ward-Goodbody, M. (2003). The BALEAP Guidelines on English Language Proficiency Levels for International Applicants to UK Universities, London: British Association of Lecturers in English for Academic Purposes

Bonanno, H. and Jones, J. (2007). The MASUS Procedure: Measuring the Academic Skills of University Students. A Diagnostic Assessment. Sydney: Learning Centre, University of Sydney, sydney.edu.au/stuserv/documents/learning_centre/MASUS.pdf Retrieved 23 March 2014

Bourdieu, P. (1977). Cultural reproduction and social reproduction in Karabel, J. and Halsey, A. H. (eds), Power and Ideology in Education. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 487–551

Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital in Richardson, J. E. (ed.), Handbook of Theory of Research for the Sociology of Education. New York: Green word Press, pp. 241–258

Bourdieu, P. (1989). Social space and symbolic power. Sociological Theory, 7(1), 14–25Google Scholar

Bradley, D. (2008). Review of Australian Higher Education: Final Report, Canberra: Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations

Brady, K. (2013). Towards a university-wide approach to developing first-year students’ academic literacy and professional communication skills. Paper presented at the 16th International First Year in Higher Education Conference. Wellington: New Zealand

Bretag, T. (2007). The Emperor's new clothes: Yes, there is a link between English language competence and academic standards. People and Place, 15 (1), 13−21Google Scholar

Bright, C. and von Randow, J. (2004). Tracking language test consequences: The student perspective. Proceedings of the 18th IDP Australian International Educational Conference, Sydney, Australia, October 7. www.aiec.idp.com/pdf/thur%20-%20Bright%20&%20Randow.pdf Retrieved 3 January 2012

Briguglio, C. (2005). Assessing the writing skills of entry-level undergraduate business students to enhance their writing ability during tertiary studies. Unpublished research report, Perth: Curtin University of Technology

British Council (2012). Accreditation UK: Handbook 2012 and 2013. www.britishcouncil.org/2012–13_accreditation_uk_handbook.pdf Retrieved 14 July 2013

Brooks, G. and Adams, M. (1999). Spoken English proficiency and academic performance: Is there a relationship, and if so how do we teach? Macquarie University Research Online, Retrieved April 25, 2010, from http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:1579;jsessionid=155CA4E69BCA51DAEF8852C2A8BBE822?f0=sm_creator%3A%22Adams%2C+Moya%22

Broughan, L. and Hunt, L. (2013). Inclusive teaching in Hunt, L. and Chalmers, D. (eds), University Teaching in Focus: A Learning-centred Approach. Camberwell, Victoria: ACER (Australian Council for Educational Research) Press, pp. 182–98

Brown, P. and Levinson, S. (1978). Universals in language usage: Politeness phenomena in Goody, E. N. (ed.), Question and Politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Brown, P. and Levinson, S. (1987). Politeness: Some Universals of Language Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Buchanan, R. (2013). University fees for ‘cash cow’ overseas students attacked. The Times Education, 9 August 2013 www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/education/article3838078.ece. Retrieved 7 June 2014

Burgess, R. (2010), April. Australia's language climate. Guardian Weekly. www.guardianweekly.co.uk/?page=editorial&id=1532&catID=18 Retrieved 20 April 2010

Burgoon, J. K. (ed.) (1994). Nonverbal Signals. Handbook of Interpersonal Communication. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage

Burgoon, J. K., Jensen, M. L., Meservy, T. O., Kruse, J. and Nunamaker, J. F. (2005). Augmenting Human Identification of Emotional States in Video. Intelligence Analysis Conference, McClean, VA

Business Forums International (2013). Document Verification Workshop for Overseas Students & Staff – Universities, Schools & Colleges. www.bfi.co.uk/event-detail.asp?eventid=210 Retrieved 17 March 2014

Byram, M., Nichols, A. and Stevens, D. (2001). Introduction in Byram, M., Nichols, A. and Stevens, D. (eds), Developing Intercultural Competence in Practice. Multilingual Matters

Calderon, A. (2012). Massification continues to transform higher education. University World News No. 237. www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20120831155341147 Retrieved 30 June 2014

Canagarajah, A. S. (ed.) (1999). Resisting Linguistic Imperialism in English Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Canagarajah, A. S. (ed.) (2005). Reclaiming the Local in Language Policy and Practice. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum

Canale, M. and Swain, M. (1980). Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to second language teaching and testing. Applied Linguistics 1, 1–47Google Scholar

Canale, M. (1983). From communicative competence to communicative language pedagogy in Richards, J. and Schmidt, R. (eds), Language and Communication. London: Longman

Carroll, J. and Ryan, J. (eds) (2005). Teaching International Students: Improving Learning for All. Abingdon: Routledge

CBC News. (2014). International students used as ‘cash cows’, prof says. CBC News 14 March 2014. www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/international-students-used-as-cash-cows- prof-says-1.2572663 Retrieved 16 May 2014

Centre for Teaching Excellence (n.d.) Teamwork skills: Being an effective group member. uwaterloo.ca/centre-for-teaching-excellence/teaching-resources/teaching-tips/tips-students/being-part-team/teamwork-skills-being-effective-group-member Retrieved 2 May 2014

CERI (1969). The Management of Innovation in Education. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

Chang, J. (2006). A transcultural wisdom bank in the classroom: Making cultural diversity key resource in teaching and learning. Journal of Studies in International Education, 10(4), 369–77Google Scholar

Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press

Christie, H., Tett, L., Cree, V. E., Hounsell, J. and McCune, V. (2008). ‘A real rollercoaster of confidence and emotions’: Learning to be a university student. Studies in Higher Education, 33(5), 567–81Google Scholar

Clapham, C. (2001). Discipline specificity and EAP in Peacock, M. and Flowerdew, J. (eds), Issues in English for Academic Purposes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 84–100

Clerehan, R. (2003). Transition to tertiary education in the arts and humanities: Some academic initiatives from Australia. Arts and Humanities in Higher Education, 2(1), 72−89Google Scholar

Coates, A. J. S. (2012). Monash–Warwick: What does a global university partnership look like?, The Guardian. www.guardian.co.uk/higher-education-network/blog/2012/oct/29/monash-warwick-alliance-global- education Retrieved 23 June 2013

Cochran-Smith, M. (2004). Walking the Road: Race, Diversity, and Social Justice in Teacher Education. New York: Teachers College Press

Coffey, B. (1984). ESP – English for Specific Purposes. Language Teaching, 17(1), 2−16Google Scholar

Coffin, C., Curry, M. J., Goodmann, S., Hewings, A. Lillis, T. and Swann, J. (2003). Teaching Academic Writing: A Toolkit for Higher Education. London: Routledge

Coleman, J. A. (2006). English-medium teaching in European higher education. Language Teaching, 39(1), 1−14Google Scholar

Coley, M. (1999). The English language entry requirements of Australian universities for students of non-English-speaking background. Higher Education Research & Development, 18(1), 7−17Google Scholar

Collier, P. J. and Morgan, D. L. (2008). ‘Is that paper really due today?’: Differences in first generation and traditional college students’ understandings of faculty expectations. Higher Education, 55(4), 425–46Google Scholar

Conger, J. A. (1998). The necessary art of persuasion. Harvard Business Review, 76(3), 84−95Google Scholar

Conrad, S. and Mauranen, A. (2003). The Corpus of English as a Lingua Franca in Academic Settings. TESOL Quarterly, 37(3), 513–27Google Scholar

Cook, H. (2008). Impacts add outcomes for providers in Banks, M. and Olsen, A. (eds), Outcomes and Impacts of International Education: From International Student to Australian Graduate, the Journey of a Lifetime. IDP Education, pp. 62–95

Cooper, M. (ed.) (2010). From access to success: Closing the knowledge divide. Higher education for under-represented groups in the market economy. Papers from the 19th EAN Annual Conference of the European Access Network, Södertörn University, Stockholm, Sweden, 14–16 June 2010

Cooper, R. L. (1989). Language Planning and Social Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Cotton, F. and Conrow, F. (1998). An Investigation of the Predictive Validity of IELTS amongst a Group of International Students studying at the University of Tasmania. IELTS Research Reports 1998, Vol. 1, pp. 72–115Google Scholar

Cotton, D. R. E., George, R. and Joyner, M. (2013). Interaction and influence in culturally mixed groups. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 50(3), 272–83Google Scholar

Council of Europe (2001). Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment [CEFR]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Cownie, F. and Addison, W. (1996). International students and language support: A new survey. Studies in Higher Education, 21(2), 221–31Google Scholar

Crichton, J. and Murray, N. (2014). Plurilithic and ecological perspectives on English: Some conceptual and practical implications in Murray, N. and Scarino, A. (eds), Dynamic ecologies of languages education in the Asia-Pacific Region: Developments, Issues and Challenges. Dordrecht: Springer

Crichton, J. and Scarino, A. (2007). How are we to understand the ‘intercultural dimension?’: An examination of the intercultural dimension of internationalisation in the context of higher education in Australia. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics, 30(1), 4.1–4.21Google Scholar

Criper, C. and Davies, A. (1988). Research Report 1 (i). ELTS Validation Project Report Cambridge: British Council/UCLES

Crose, B. (2011). Internationalization of the higher education classroom: Strategies to facilitate intercultural learning and academic success. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 23(3), 388–95Google Scholar

Crowley, S. (1998). Composition in the University: Historical and Polemical Essays. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press

Cummins, J. (1979). Cognitive/academic language proficiency, linguistic interdependence, the optimum age question and some other matters. Working Papers on Bilingualism, 19, 121–129Google Scholar

Cummins, J. (1980a). The construct of language proficiency in bilingual education in Alatis, J. E. (ed.), Current Issues in Bilingual Education. Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics (GURT) 1980. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, pp. 81–103

Cummins, J. (1980b). The cross-lingual dimensions of language proficiency: Implications for bilingual education and the optimal age issue. TESOL Quarterly, 14, 175–187Google Scholar

Cummins, J. (2000). Language, Power and Pedagogy: Bilingual Children in the Crossfire. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters

Cummins, J. (2000). Putting language proficiency in its place: Responding to critiques of the conversational/academic language distinction in Cenoz, J. and Jessner, U. (eds), English in Europe: The Acquisition of a Third Language. Multilingual Matters Ltd, pp.54–83

Cummins, J. (2008). BICS and CALP: Empirical and theoretical status of the distinction in Street, B. and Hornberger, N. H. (eds), Encyclopedia of Language and Education, 2nd edition, volume 2: Literacy. New York: Springer Science + Business Media LLC, pp. 71–83

Curnow, T. J. and Liddicoat, A. J. (2008). Assessment as learning: Engaging students in academic literacy in their first semester in Duff, A., Quinn, D., Green, M., Andre, K., Ferris, T. and Copland, S. (eds), Proceedings of the ATN Assessment Conference 2008: Engaging Students in Assessment, [Online]. www.ojs.unisa.edu.au/index.php/atna/issue/view/ISBN%20978–0-646–504421/showToc Retrieved 30 October 2013

Curry, M. J. and Lillis, T. M. (2003). Issues in academic writing in higher education in Coffin, C., Curry, M. J., Goodmann, S., Hewings, A., Lillis, T. and Swann, J. (eds), Teaching Academic Writing: A Toolkit for Higher Education. London: Routledge, 1–18

Daily Telegraph. (2014). The top 10 most popular degree courses., The Daily Telegraph, 14 February 2014 www.telegraph.co.uk/education/universityeducation/8695883/The-top-10-most-popular-degree-courses.html Retrieved 1 June 2014

Davies, A., Brown, A., Elder, C., Hill, K., Lumley, T. and McNamara, T. (1999). Dictionary of Language Testing. Studies in Language Testing, Volume 7. Cambridge, UK: UCLES/Cambridge University Press

Davies, A. (2008). Textbook trends in teaching language testing. Language Testing, 25(3), 327–347Google Scholar

Dawson, J. (2011). Implementing good practice principles for English language proficiency: A case study. English Australia Journal, 26(2), 4–14Google Scholar

Deardorff, D. K. (2006). Identification and assessment of intercultural competence as a student outcome of internationalization. Journal of Studies in International Education, 10(3), 241–266Google Scholar

De Lano, L., Riley, L. and Crookes, G. (1994). The meaning of innovation for ESL teachers. System, 22(4), 487–496Google Scholar

Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations (DEEWR) (Good Practice Principles steering committee). (2010). English language standards for Higher Education. www.aall.org.au/sites/default/files/FinalEnglishLanguageStandardsMay2012.pdf Retrieved 1 July 2015

Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations (DEEWR). (2009). Good Practice Principles for English language proficiency for international students in Australian universities. pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/127066/20110826-0004/www.auqa.edu.au/files/otherpublications/good%20practice%20principles%20for%20english%20language%20proficiency%20report.pdf Retrieved 30 June 2015

Department of Immigration and Citizenship. Fact Sheet 4 – More than 60 Years of Post-war Migration. www.immi.gov.au/media/fact-sheets/04fifty.htm Retrieved 25 April 2010

de Vita, J. (2002). Does assessed multicultural group work really pull UK students’ average down? Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 27(2), 153–61Google Scholar

Dooey, P. and Oliver, R. (2002). An investigation into the predictive validity of the IELTS test as an indicator of future academic success. Prospect, 17(1), 36–54Google Scholar

Drennan, L. T. and Beck, M. (2000). Teaching and research: Equal partners or poor relations? Paper presented at the Qualitative Evidence-based Practice Conference, Coventry University, 15–17 May 2000. Education-Line. www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/00001405.htm Retrieved 8 February 2015

Drennan, L. T. (2001). Quality assessment and the tension between teaching and research. Quality in Higher Education, 7, (3), 167–78Google Scholar

Drummond, I., Alderson, K., Nixon, I. and Wiltshire, J. (1999) Managing Curriculum Change in Higher Education. Newcastle: University of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne

Ducasse, A. M. and Brown, A. (2009). Assessing paired orals: Raters’ orientation to interaction. Language Testing, 26(3), 423–43Google Scholar

Ducasse, A. M. (2010), Interaction in Paired Oral Proficiency Assessment in Spanish (Language Testing and Evaluation). Peter Lang

Dunne, C. (2009). Host students’ perspectives of intercultural contact in an Irish university. Journal of Studies in International Education, 13, 229–39Google Scholar

Dunne, C. (2013). Exploring motivations for intercultural contact among host country university students: An Irish case study. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 37, 567–78Google Scholar

Dunworth, K. (2009). An investigation into post-entry English language assessment in Australian universities. Journal of Academic Language and Learning, 3(1), A1–A13Google Scholar

Dunworth, K. (2010). Clothing the Emperor: Addressing the Issue of English Language Proficiency in Australian Universities. The Australian Universities’ Review, 52(2), 5–10Google Scholar

Dunworth, K., Drury, H., Kralik, C. and Moore, T. (2013). Degrees of Proficiency: Building a Strategic Approach to University Students’ English Language Assessment and Development. Final Report. Sydney: Australian Government, Office of Learning and Teaching. www.olt.gov.au/project-degrees-proficiency-building-strategic-approach-university-studentsapos-english-language-ass Retrieved 23 May 2014

Dunworth, K. (2013). Discussion paper 2: In-course student English language development. Five Years On: English Language Competence of International Students Discussion Papers. Melbourne: International Education Association of Australia, pp. 39–67

Edelsky, C., Hudelson, S., Altwerger, B., Flores, B., Barkin, F. and Jilbert, K. (1983). Semilingualism and language deficit. Applied Linguistics, 4(1), 1–22Google Scholar

Egbert, J. L. (2005). Conducting research on CALL in Egbert, J. L and Petrie, G. M. (eds), CALL Research Perspectives. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 4−8

Elder, C. (1993). Language proficiency as a predictor of performance in teacher education. Melbourne Papers in Language Testing, 2, 68–85Google Scholar

Elder, C. and Davis, A. (2006). Assessing English as a lingua franca. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 26, 282–301Google Scholar

Elder, C. and Erlam, R. (2001). Development and Validation of the Diagnostic English Language Needs Assessment (DELNA): Final Report. Auckland: University of Auckland, Department of Applied Language Studies and Linguistics

Elder, C. and von Randow, J. (2002). Report on the 2002 Pilot of DELNA at the University of Auckland. Auckland: University of Auckland, Department of Applied Language Studies and Linguistics

Elder, C. (2003). The DELNA initiative at the University of Auckland. TESOLANZ Newsletter, 12(1), 15–16Google Scholar

Elder, C., Bright, C. and Bennett, S. (2007). The role of language proficiency in academic success: Perspectives from a New Zealand university. Melbourne Papers in Language Testing, 12(1), 24–58Google Scholar

Elder, C. and Von Randow, J. (2008). Exploring the utility of a web-based English language screening tool. Language Assessment Quarterly, 5(3), 173–94Google Scholar

Elder, C. and Knoch, U. (2009). Report on the development and trial of the Academic English Screening Test (AEST). Melbourne: The University of Melbourne

Engle, J. and Tinto, V. (2008). Moving beyond access: College success for low-income, first- generation students. Washington: The Pell Institute for the Study of Opportunity in Higher Education. eric.ed.gov/?id=ED504448 Retrieved 2 March 2014

Entwistle, N. and Tait, H. (1995). Approaches to studying and perceptions of the learning environment across disciplines. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 64 (Winter), 93−103Google Scholar

Everard, K. B. and Morris, G. (1985). Effective School Management. London: Harper & Row

Fantini, A. E. and Tirmizi, A. (2006). Exploring and Assessing Intercultural Competence: Final Report. World Learning Publications. digitalcollections.sit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=worldlearning_publications Retrieved 22 August 2014

Fiocco, M. (1992). English Proficiency Levels of Students from a Non-English Speaking Background: A Study of IELTS as an Indicator of Tertiary Success. Unpublished research report. Perth: Curtin University of Technology

Firth, J. R. (1957a). Papers in Linguistics 1934 – 1951. London: Oxford University Press

Firth, J. R. (1950). Personality and language in society in Firth, J. R. (1957): Papers in Linguistics 1934–1951. London: Oxford University Press

Fischer, K. (2012). Fess up: Foreign students are cash cows. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 16 October 2012. chronicle.com/article/What-If-Colleges-Acknowledged/135080/ Retrieved 7 June 2014

Foot, M. C. (1999). Relaxing in pairs. English Language Teaching Journal, 53(1), 36–41Google Scholar

Freeman, R. and Lewis, R. (1998). Planning and Implementing Assessment. Psychology Press

Fox, J. (2005). Test decisions over time: Tracking validity. Language Testing, 21, 437–65Google Scholar

Fraser, B. and Nolan, W. (1981). The association of deference with linguistic form. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 27, 93–109Google Scholar

Fullan, M. (1982). The Meaning of Educational Change. New York: Teachers College Press

Fullan, M. (1991). The New Meaning of Educational Change. London: Cassell

Fullan, M. (2001). The New Meaning of Educational Change (edn). London: Routledge Falmer

Gabris, G. T., Golembiewski, R. T. and Ihrkw, D. M. (2001). Leadership credibility, board relations and administrative innovation at the local government level. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 11(1), 89−108Google Scholar

Gardner, S. and Nesi, H. (2013). A classification of genre families in university student writing. Applied Linguistics, 34 (1), 1−29Google Scholar

Gelb, C. (2012). Cultural issues in the higher education classroom. Student Pulse, 4(7), 1–3. www.studentpulse.com/articles/661/cultural-issues-in-the-higher-education-classroom Retrieved 13 July 2014Google Scholar

General Dental Council. Before you apply for ORE [Overseas Registration Exam]. www.gdc-uk.org/Dentalprofessionals/ORE/Pages/Before-you-apply.aspx Retrieved 30 November 2014

Gibson, C. and Rusek, W. (1992) The validity of an overall band score of 6.0 on the IELTS test as a predictor of adequate English language level appropriate for successful academic study. Unpublished Masters of Arts (Applied Linguistics) thesis, New South Wales: Macquarie University,

Gidley, J. M., Hampson, G. P., Wheeler, L. and Bereded-Samuel, E. (2010). From access to success: An integrated approach to quality higher education informed by social inclusion theory and practice. Higher Education Policy, 23, 123–47Google Scholar

Gielis, I. (2010). The students’ perspective on access, retention and diversity in Access to Success: Project Compendium, European University Association. www.accesstosuccess-africa.eu/reports/116.html Retrieved 3 September 2013

Ginns, P., Kitay, J. and Prosser, M. (2008). Developing conceptions of teaching and the scholarship of teaching through a Graduate Certificate of Higher Education. International Journal for Academic Development, 13(3), 75–85Google Scholar

Goffman, E. (1955). On face-work: An analysis of ritual elements in social interaction. Psychiatry: Journal of the Study of Interpersonal Processes, 18(2), 213–231Google Scholar

Goffman, E. (1967). Interaction Ritual: Essays in Face-to-Face Behaviour. Garden City, NY: Doubleday

Goldsmith, W. and Clutterbuck, D. (1984). The Winning Streak. Harmondsworth: Penguin

Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional Intelligence. Bantam Books

Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R. and McKee, A. (2013). Primal Leadership: Unleashing the Power of Emotional Intelligence. Harvard Business Review Press

Great Britain. (1992). Further and Higher Education Act 1992: Elizabeth II. Chapter 13. (1992) [Online]. www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1992/13/contents Retrieved 2 June 2014

Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and conversation in Cole, P. and Morgan, J. (eds), Syntax and Semantics, 3: Speech Acts, New York: Academic Press, pp. 41–58. Reprinted in Grice, H. P. (ed.), Studies in the Way of Words, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989, pp. 22–40

Hakuta, K., Butler, Y. G. and Witt, D. (2000). How Long Does It Take English Learners to Attain Proficiency? Santa Barbara: University of California Linguistic Minority Research Institute

Halliday, M. A. K. (1975). Learning How to Mean. Edward Arnold

Harper, R., Prentice, S. and Wilson, K. (2011). English language perplexity: Articulating the tensions in the DEEWR ‘Good Practice Principles’. The International Journal of the First Year in Higher Education, 2(1), 36–48. fyhejournal.com/article/viewFile/51/82Google Scholar

Harper, R. (2013). From principles to practice: Implementing an English language proficiency model at UniSA. Journal of Academic Language & Learning, 7(2): A150–A164Google Scholar

Harris, A. (2009). Addressing English language proficiency in a business faculty. eCulture, 2, 92–8. otl.curtin.edu.au/professional_development/conferences/tlf/tlf2010/refereed/harris.html Retrieved 9 May 2014Google Scholar

Harris, A. (2009). Creative leadership: developing future leaders. Management in Education, 23(1), 9−11Google Scholar

Harrison, N. and Peacock, N. (2010). Cultural difference, mindfulness and passive xenophobia: Using Integrated Threat Theory to explore home higher education students’ perspectives on ‘internationalisation at home’. British Educational Research Journal, 36(6), 877–902Google Scholar

Havelock, R. G. (1970). A Guide to Innovation in Education, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan

Havelock, R. G. (1971). The Utilization of Education Research and Development. British Journal of Educational Technology, 2 (2), 84−98Google Scholar

Health and Care Professions Council. What to do before you make an international application. www.hcpc-uk.org.uk/apply/international/ Retrieved 24 November 2014

Henderson, R. and Hirst, E. (2006, November). How Sufficient Is Academic Literacy? Re- examining a Short Course for ‘disadvantaged’ Tertiary Students. Paper presented at the AARE Conference, Adelaide, Australia

Henderson, R. and Hirst, E. (2007). Reframing academic literacy: Re-examining a short- course for ‘disadvantaged’ tertiary students. English Teaching: Practice and Critique, 6(2), 25–38Google Scholar

Hersey, P. and Blanchard, K. (1993). Management of Organisational Behaviour (edn), Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall

Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA). (2014). Statistical First Release (SFR) 197, 2014 (Table 1). www.hesa.ac.uk/sfr197 Retrieved 23 July 2014

Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE). (2010). Recession to Recovery: Changes in Student Choices and Graduate Employment. Universities UK. www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/highereducation/Documents/2010/ChangesInStudentChoices.pdf Retrieved 1 June 2014

Hirst, E., Henderson, R., Allan, M., Bode, J. and Kocatepe, M. (2004). Repositioning academic literacy: Charting the emergence of a community of practice. Australian Journal of Language and Literacy, 27(1), 66−80Google Scholar

Hockings, C. (2010). Inclusive learning and teaching in higher education: A synthesis of research. EvidenceNet, Higher Education Academy. www.heacademy.ac.uk/resources/detail/ourwork/evidencenet/Inclusive_ learning_and_teaching_in_higher_education_synthesis Retrieved 4 August 2012

Hofstede, G. (1991). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. London: McGraw-Hill

Horton, P. B. and Hunt, C. L. (1976). Sociology. London: McGraw-Hill

House, J. (2003). English as a lingua franca: A threat to multilingualism? Journal of Sociolinguistics, 7(4), 556–78Google Scholar

House, J. (2009). The pragmatics of English as a lingua franca. Intercultural Pragmatics, 6(2), 141–5Google Scholar

Huchinson, T. and Waters, A. (1987). English for Specific Purposes: A Learning-Centred Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Hughes, K. L., Karp, M. M., Fermin, B. J. and Bailey, T. R. (2005). Pathways to college access and success. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education Office of Vocational and Adult Education

Hulstijn, J. H. (2011). Language Proficiency in Native and Nonnative Speakers: An Agenda for Research and Suggestions for Second-Language Assessment. Language Assessment Quarterly, 8(3), 229–49Google Scholar

Humphreys, P. and Gribble, C. (2013). Discussion paper 3: Outcomes – English language and the transition to work or further study. Five Years On: English Language Competence of International Students Discussion Papers. Melbourne: International Education Association of Australia, pp. 69–103

Hyland, K. (2000). Disciplinary Discourses: Social Interactions in Academic Writing. Harlow, UK: Longman

Hyland, K. (2006). Disciplinary differences: Language variation in academic discourses in Hyland, K. and Bondi, M. (eds), Academic Discourse Across Disciplines. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, pp. 17–45

Hyland, K. (2007). Different strokes for different folks: Disciplinary variation in academic writing in Flottem, K. (ed.), Language and Discipline Perspectives on Academic Discourse. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Press, pp. 89–108

Hyland, K. (2008). Genre and academic writing in the disciplines. Language Teaching, 41(4), 543–62Google Scholar

Hyland, P. W. and Beckett, R. C. (2009). Effective communication in innovation processes. 10th Proc International CINet Conference, 6–8 September, Brisbane, Australia

Hymes, D. (1971). Competence and performance in linguistic theory in Huxley, R. and Ingram, E. (eds), Language Acquisition: Models and Methods. London: Academic Press

Hymes, D. (1972). On communicative competence in Pride, J. B. and Holmes, J. (eds), Sociolinguistics. Harmondsworth: Penguin

Ingram, D. E. and Bayliss, A. (2007). IELTS as a predictor of academic language performance. Part 1: The view from participants. IELTS Impact Studies Vol. 7 (IELTS Joint-funded research programme). IELTS Australia and the British Council

Institute of International Education. (2013). Open Doors 2013: International Students in the United States and Study Abroad by American Students are at All-Time High.Press Release, 11 Nov 2013. www.iie.org/Who-We-Are/News-and-Events/Press-Center/Press-releases/2013/2013–11-11-Open-Doors-Data Retrieved 3 April 2013

International Education Association of Australia [IEAA] (2013). Good practice principles in practice: Teaching across cultures. IEAA. www.ieaa.org.au/documents/item/125. Retrieved 2 March 2014

Irish Higher Education Quality Network (Subcommittee). (2009). Provision of education to international students. www.icosirl.ie/eng/content/download/872/5346/file/Provision_of_Education_to_International_Students.pdf Retrieved 30 June 2015

Jamieson, J., Jones, S., Kirsch, I., Mosenthal, P. and Taylor, C. (2000). TOEFL 2000 Framework: A Working Paper. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service

Jenkins, J., Cogo, A. and Dewey, M.. (2011). Review of developments in research into English as a lingua franca. Language Teaching, 44(3), 281–315Google Scholar

Jenkins, J. (2012). English as a lingua francafrom the classroom to the classroom. English Language Teaching Journal, 66(4), 486–94Google Scholar

Jenkins, J. (2013). English as a Lingua Franca in the International University: The Politics of Academic English Language Policy. Abingdon: Routledge

Jiang, X. (2011). Why interculturisation? A neo-Marxist approach to accommodate cultural diversity in higher education. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 43(4), 387–99Google Scholar

Johnson, M. E. (2008). An investigation into pedagogical challenges facing international tertiary-level students in New Zealand. Higher Education Research and Development, 27(3), 231–43Google Scholar

Joy, S. and Kolb, D. A. (2009). Are there cultural differences in learning style? International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 33(1), 69–85Google Scholar

Kachru, B. B. (1985). Standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism: The English language in the outer circle in Quirk, R. and Widdowson, H. G. (eds), English in the World: Teaching and Learning the Language and Literatures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 11–30

Katz, A., Low, P., Stack, J. and Tsang, S. (2004). A Study Of Content Area Assessment For English Language. U. S. Department of Education: Office of English Language Acquisition and Academic Achievement for Limited English Proficient Students, Learners. www.arcassociates.org/files/CAELLRpt9-04.pdf Retrieved 24 July 2013

Kennedy, C. (1999). Introduction – learning to change in Kennedy, C., Doyle, P. and Goh, C. M. (eds), Exploring Change in English Language Teaching. Oxford: Macmillan, pp. iv–viii

Kennelly, R., Maldoni, A. and Davies, D. (2010). A case study: Do discipline-based programmes improve student learning outcomes? International Journal for Educational Integrity, 6(1), 61–73Google Scholar

Kerstjens, M and Nery, C. (2000). Predictive validity in the IELTS test: A study of the relationship between IELTS scores and students’ subsequent academic performance. English Language Testing System research reports, 3, 85–108Google Scholar

Kirkness, A. (2006). Critical reflections on an academic literacies policy five years on in Critical Visions, Proceedings of the 29th HERDSA Annual Conference, Western Australia, 10–12 July. Higher Education Research and Development Society of Australasia, Inc., pp. 167–74 www.herdsa.org.au/wp-content/uploads/conference/2006/papers/Kirkness.pdf Retrieved 7 September 2012

Klesmer, H. (1994). Assessment and teacher perceptions of ESL student achievement. English Quarterly, 26(3), 8−11Google Scholar

Klinger, C. M. and Murray, N. (2012). Tensions in higher education: Widening participation, student diversity and the challenge of academic language/literacy. Journal of Widening Participation and Lifelong Learning, 14(1), 27–44Google Scholar

Knight, M. (2011). Strategic Review of the Student Visa Programme. Canberra: Department of Immigration and Border Protection. www.immi.gov.au/students/_pdf/2011-knight-review.pdf Retrieved 23 November 2013

Kramsch, C. (1993). Context and Culture in Language Teaching. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press

Kuo, I. (2006). Addressing the issue of teaching English as a lingua franca. ELT Journal, 60(3), 213–221Google Scholar

Lakoff, R. (1973). The Logic of Politeness: Minding Your P's and Q's. Papers from the 9th Regional Meeting, Chicago Linguistics Society, 292–305

Larcombe, W. and Malkin, I. (2008). Identifying students likely to benefit from language support in first-year law. Higher Education Research and Development, 27(4), 319–29Google Scholar

Lave, J. and Wenger, E. (1991). Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Lea, M. R. and Street, B. V. (1998). Student writing in higher education: An academic literacies approach. Studies in Higher Education, 23(2), 157−72Google Scholar

Lea, M. R. (1999). Academic literacies and learning in higher education: Constructing knowledge through texts and experiences in Jones, C., Turner, J. and Street, B. (eds), Students’ Writing in the University: Cultural and Epistemological Issues. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 103−24

Lea, M. R. and Street, B. (2000). Student writing and staff feedback in higher education: An academic literacies approach. In Student Writing in Higher Education: New Contexts, ed. Lea, M. and Stierer, B.. Buckingham, UK: The Society for Research into Higher Education and Open University Press, pp. 32–46

Lea, M. R. and Street, B. V. (2006). The ‘academic literacies’ model: Theory and applications. Theory into Practice, 45(4), 368−377Google Scholar

Leask, B. (2011), Assessment, learning, teaching and internationalisation: Engaging for the future. Assessment, Teaching and Learning Journal, 11, 5–20Google Scholar

Leeuwis, C. and Aarts, N. (2011). Rethinking communication in innovation processes: Creating space for change in complex systems. Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 17(1), 21–36Google Scholar

Legal Profession Admission Board. English language proficiency requirements. www.lpab.justice.nsw.gov.au/lpab/legalprofession_overseas_practitioners/legalprofession_overseas_practitioners_english_req.html Retrieved 30 November 2014

LeVine, R. A. and Campbell, D. T. (1972). Ethnocentrism. New York: John Wiley

Levy, M. (1997). CALL: Context and Conceptualisation. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Lewicki, R. J. and Baliey, J. R. (2009). The research-teaching nexus: Tensions and opportunities in Armstrong, S. J. and Fukami, C. V. (eds), The SAGE Handbook of Management Learning, Education and Development. Sage, pp. 385–402

Liddicoat, A. J. (2009). Evolving ideologies of the intercultural in Australian multicultural and language education policy Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 31(3), 189–203Google Scholar

Liddicoat, A. J. and Scarino, A. (2010). Eliciting the intercultural in foreign language education in Paran, A. and Sercu, L. (eds), Testing the Untestable in Foreign Language Education. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, pp. 52−73

Liddicoat, A. J. and Scarino, A. (2013). Intercultural Language Teaching and Learning.New York: Wiley & Sons

Light, R. L., Xu, M. and Mossop, J. (1987). English proficiency and academic performance of international students. TESOL Quarterly, 21(2), 251–61Google Scholar

Lillis, T. (1997). New voices in academia? The regulative nature of academic writing conventions. Language and Education, 11(3), 182–199Google Scholar

Lillis, T. (2001). Student Writing: Access, Regulation, Desire. London: Routledge

Lyons, J. (1981). Language and Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Lo Bianco, J., Crozet, C. and Liddicoat, A. J. (eds) (1999). Striving for the Third Place: Intercultural Competence through Language Education. Canberra, Language Australia

Lo Bianco, J. (2010). The importance of language politics and multilingualism for cultural diversity. International Social Science Journal, 61, 37–67Google Scholar

Lobo, A. and Gurney, L. (2014). What did they expect? Exploring a link between students’ expectations, attendance and attrition on English language enhancement courses. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 38(5), 730–54Google Scholar

Lovegrove, B. and Clarke, J. (2008). The dilemma of the modern university in balancing competitive agendas: The USQ experience. Higher Education Management and Policy 20(2), 139–51Google Scholar

Lumsden, G. and Lumsden, D. (1997). Communicating in Groups and Teams: Sharing Leadership. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth

Mackay, R. and Moutford, A. (1978). English for specific purposes. London: Longman

Maes, R., Sztalberb, C. and Sylin, M. (2011). Acknowledgement of prior experiential learning to widen participation at the Universite Libre des Bruxelles: The challenge of the institutional message in Thomas, L. and Tight, M. (eds), Institutional Transformation to Engage a Diverse Student Body (International perspectives on higher education research, Volume 6). Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp. 187–98

Malinowski, B. (1923). The problem of meaning in primitive languages in Ogden, C. K. and Richards, I. A. (eds), The Meaning of Meaning. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, Inc, pp. 296–336

Marginson, S. and Considine, M. (2000). The Enterprise University: Power, Governance and Reinvention in Australia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Markee, N. (1986). The importance of sociopolitical factors to communicative course design. English for Specific Purposes, 5(1), 3−16Google Scholar

Markee, N. (1993). The diffusion of innovation in language teaching. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 13, 229−243Google Scholar

Maslow, A. H. (1970). Motivation and Personality (edn). New York: Harper & Row

Matsuda, A. (2003). Incorporating world Englishes in teaching English as an international language. TESOL Quarterly, 37(4), 719–29Google Scholar

Mauranen, A. (2013). Exploring ELF: Academic English Shaped by Non-Native Speakers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Mauranen, A., Hynninen, N. and Ranta, E. (2010). English as a lingua franca: The ELFA Project. English for Specific Purposes, 29(3), 183–190Google Scholar

Medical Board of Australia. (2010). English Language Skills Registration Standard. Medical Board of Australia. www.medicalboard.gov.au/Registration-Standards.aspx Retrieved 30 November 2014

Miles, M. B. (1964). Education Innovation: The Nature of the Problem in Miles, M. B. (ed.), Innovation in Education, N. Y. Teachers College Press

Martin-Jones, M. and Romaine, S. (1986). Semilingualism: A half-baked theory of communicative competence. Applied Linguistics, 7(1), 26−38Google Scholar

MASUS Project Reports (1993–1995). Learning Centre, University of Sydney

Matthews, D. (2012). English language standards being set below recommended levels. Times Higher Education. www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/english-standards-being-set-below-recommended-levels/420938.article Retrieved 23 May 2014

Matthews, R. (n.d.). Exploring the development of discipline-specific language skills with increasingly diverse art and design student groups. The Higher Education Academy. www.heacademy.ac.uk/node/3489 Retrieved 20 August 2014

McDowell, C. and Merrylees, B. (1998). Survey of receiving institutions’ use and attitude to IELTS in Wood, S. (ed.), EA Journal, Occasional Paper 1998 (Vol. 1) pp. 116−39. Sydney: ELICOS Association Ltd

Merisotis, J. P. (2013). Meeting the U. S. demand for talent: The imperative of increasing attainment for underserved populations in Murray, N. and Klinger, C. M. (eds), Aspirations, Access and Attainment in Widening Participation: International Perspectives on Widening Participation and an Agenda for Change. Oxford: Routledge

Messick, S. (1996). Validity and washback in language testing. Language Testing, 13(3), 241–56Google Scholar

Molesworth, M, Scullion, R. and Nixon, E. (2010). The Marketisation of Higher Education and the Student as Consumer. Routledge

Moore, T. and Hough, B. (2007). The perils of skills: Towards a model of integrating graduate attributes into the disciplines in Marriott, H., Moore, T. and Spence-Brown, R. (eds), Learning Discourses and the Discourses of Learning (pp. 2.01−02.12). Melbourne: Monash E-press

Morgan, J. (2010). Overseas students ‘are not cash cows’. Times Higher Education, 26 March 2010. www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/overseas-students-are-not-cash-cows/411001.article Retrieved June 8, 2014

Mort, P. and Drury, H. (2012). Supporting student academic literacy in the disciplines using genre based online pedagogy. Journal of Academic Language and Learning, 6(3), A1–A15Google Scholar

Mortenson, T. (2013). Regressive social policy and its consequences for opportunity for higher education in the United States, 1980-present in Murray, N. and Klinger, C. M. (eds), Aspirations, Access and Attainment in Widening Participation: International Perspectives on Widening Participation and an Agenda for Change. Oxford: Routledge, pp. 20–40

Munby, J. (1978). Communicative Syllabus Design. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Murray, D. E. (ed.) (2008). Planning Change, Changing Plans: Innovations in Second Language teaching. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press

Murray, D. and Arkoudis, S. (2013). Discussion paper 1: Preparation and selection. In Five Years On: English Language Competence of International Students, International Education Association of Australia, pp. 23–51

Murray, N. (2010a). Considerations in the post-enrolment assessment of English language proficiency: Reflections from the Australian context. Language Assessment Quarterly, 7(4), 343–58Google Scholar

Murray, N. (2010b). Conceptualising the English language needs of first year university students. The International Journal of the First Year in Higher Education, 1(1), 55–64Google Scholar

Murray, N. (2010c). Pragmatics, awareness-raising, and the Cooperative Principle. English Language Teaching Journal, 64(3), 293–301Google Scholar

Murray, N. (2012). Ten ‘Good Practice Principles’ … ten key questions: Considerations in addressing the English language needs of higher education students. Higher Education Research & Development, 31(2), 233–46Google Scholar

Murray, N. (2013). Widening participation and English language proficiency: A convergence with implications for assessment practices in higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 38(2), 299–311Google Scholar

Murray, N. (2014). Reflections on the implementation of post-enrolment English language assessment. Language Assessment Quarterly, 11(3), 325–37Google Scholar

Murray, N. and Hicks, M. (2014). An institutional approach to English language proficiency. Journal of Further and Higher Education, DOI: 10.1080/0309877X.2014.938261Google Scholar

Murray, N. and Klinger, C. M. (2012). Dimensions of conflict: Reflections on the first year higher education experience from an access education perspective. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 31(2), 117–33Google Scholar

Murray, N. and Nallaya, S. (2014). Embedding academic literacies in university programme curricula: A case study. Studies in Higher Education, DOI: 10.1080/03075079.2014.981150Google Scholar

Murray, N. and Scarino, A. (eds) (2014). Dynamic ecologies: A relational perspective on languages education in the Asia-Pacific region. Multilingual Education Vol. 9. Dordrecht: Springer

Narushima, Y. (2008). Overseas students exploited as cash cows. Sydney Morning Herald, 17 December 2008. www.smh.com.au/news/national/overseas-students-exploited-as-cash-cows/2008/12/16/1229189622969.html Retrieved 8 June 2014

Nesi, H. and Gardner, S. F. (2006). Variation in disciplinary culture: University tutors’ views on assessed writing tasks in Kiely, R., Clibbon, G., Rea-Dickins, P. and Woodfield, H. (eds), Language, Culture and Identity in Applied Linguistics. London: Equinox Publishing, pp. 99–117

Nesi, H. and Gardner, S. (2012). Genres Across the Disciplines: Student Writing in Higher Education. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Neuliep, J. W. (2006). Intercultural Communication: A Contextual Approach (edn). New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin

Neumann, R. (2001). Disciplinary differences and university teaching. Studies in Higher Education, 26(2), 135−146Google Scholar

Newman, M., Trenchs-Parera, M. and Pujol, M. (2003). Core academic literacy principles versus culture-specific practices: a multi-case study of academic achievement. English for Specific Purposes, 22(2), 45−71Google Scholar

New Zealand Quality Agency (2010). Code of Practice for the Pastoral Care of International Students. New Zealand Quality Agency. www.nzqa.govt.nz/assets/Providers-and-partners/Code-of-Practice-NZQA.pdf Retrieved 12 December 2011

Nicholls, A. (1983). Managing Educational Innovations. London: Allen and Unwin

Nisbet, J. (1974). Innovation – Bandwagon or Hearse? (Frank Tate Memorial Lecture)

North, B. (2000). The Development of a Common Framework Scale of Language Proficiency. New York: Peter Lang Publishing

Now Learning. (2013). The most popular degree programs in Australia. nowlearning.com.au/resources/the-most-popular-degree-programs-in-australia Retrieved 1 June 2014

Nursing and Midwifery Board of South Australia. (2009). Evidence supporting the changes to the English language proficiency requirements for students with English as a second language undertaking nmbSA approved courses leading to Registration or Enrolment. www.ahpra.gov.au/documents/default.aspx?record= WD10%2F4005&dbid=AP&chksum=zubVdFJwm%2BpAHLemsLVk9A%3D%3D Retrieved 6 July 2013

Nursing and Midwifery Council. International English Language Testing (IELTS). www.nmc-uk.org/registration/joining-the-register/trained-outside-the-eu–eea/international-english-language-testing-ielts/ Retrieved 30 November 2014

O'Loughlin, K. and Arkoudis, S. (2009). Investigating IELTS score gains in higher education. IELTS Research Reports Volume 10, 95–180Google Scholar

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2013). Education indicators in focus. OECD Publishing. www.oecd.org/education/skills-beyond-school/EDIF%202013–N%C2%B014%20(eng)-Final.pdf Retrieved 5 May 2014

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2013). Organisation For Economic Co-operation and Development indicators: Education at a Glance 2013, Table C4.1. OECD Publishing. dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2013-en Retrieved 3 April 2014

Office for Fair Access (OFFA). (2013). How to produce an access agreement for 2014–15. Office for Fair Access. www.offa.org.uk/wp- content/uploads/2013/01/How-to-produce-an-access-agreement-for-2014–15.pdf Retrieved 21 June 2013

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2007). Education at a glance 2007: OECD indicators. OECD Paris

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2013). Education at a glance 2013: OECD indicators. OECD Paris

Park, C. (2003). In Other (People's) Words: plagiarism by university students – literature and lessons. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 38(5), 471−88Google Scholar

Paton, G. (2012). Universities using foreign students as “cash cows”. The Daily Telegraph, 20 September 2012. www.telegraph.co.uk/education/universityeducation/9556080/Universities-using-foreign-students-as-cash-cows.html Retrieved 3 April 2014

Paul, A. (2007). IELTS as a predictor of academic language performance. Part 2: Case studies of learner language. IELTS Impact Studies Vol. 7 (IELTS Joint-funded research programme). IELTS Australia and the British Council

Pennycook, A. D. (1994). The Cultural Politics of English as an International Language. New York: Longman

Pennycook, A. D. (1998). English and the Discourses of Colonialism. New York: Routledge

Percy, A. and Skillen, J. (2000). A systemic approach to working with academic staff: Addressing the confusion at the source in Chanock, K. (ed.), Sources of Confusion: Proceedings of the 2000 Language and Academic Skills Conference, La Trobe University, Melbourne, pp. 244−54

Perry, L. B. and Southwell, L. (2011). Developing intercultural understanding and skills: Models and approaches. Intercultural Education, 22(6), 453−66Google Scholar

Peters, H., Pokorny, H. and Sheibani, A. (1999). Fitting in: What place is accorded to the experiential learning mature students bring with them to higher education. Paper presented at SCUTREA, 29th Annual Conference (University of Warwick, UK, 5–7 July). www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/000001015.htm Retrieved 9 June 2013

Pfeffermann, N., Minshall, T. and Mortara, L. (2013). Strategy and Communication for Innovation. Springer

Phillipson, R. (1992). Linguistic Imperialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Phillipson, R. (2009). Linguistic Imperialism Revisited. Hyderabad: Black Swan

Pill, J. and Harding, L. (2013). Defining the language assessment literacy gap: Evidence from a parliamentary inquiry. Language Testing, 30(3), 381−402Google Scholar

Plant, R. (1987). Managing Change and Making it Stick. London: Fontana/Collins

Pokorny, M. and Pokorny, H. (2005). Widening participation in higher education: Student quantitative skills and independent learning as impediments to progression. International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 36(5), 445–67Google Scholar

Prabhu, N. S. (1987). Second Language Pedagogy. New York: Oxford University Press

Preece, S. and Godfrey, J. (2004). Academic literacy practices and widening participation: First year undergraduates on an academic writing programme. Widening Participation and Lifelong Learning, 6(1), 6–14Google Scholar

Premier, J. A. and Miller, J. (2010). Preparing pre-service teachers for multicultural classrooms. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 35(2), 35–48Google Scholar

Pütz, M. and Neff-van Aertselaer, J. (2008). Developing contrastive pragmatics: Interlanguage and cross-cultural perspectives. Studies on Language Acquisition, 31. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter

Qian, D. (2007). Assessing university students: Searching for an English language exit test. RELC Journal, 38(1), 18−37Google Scholar

Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (QAA), (2009). Thematic Enquiries into Concerns about Academic Quality and Standards in Higher Education in England. Gloucester: Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education. dera.ioe.ac.uk/445/2/FinalReportApril09.pdf Retrieved 30 June 2015

Queen Mary, University of London. Entry requirements: Study Abroad with English – Academic Requirements. www.qmul.ac.uk/international/international-students/studyabroadenglish/entryreq/24762.html Retrieved 30 November 2014

Quinn, L. and Vorster, J. (2004). Transforming teachers’ conceptions of teaching and learning in a post graduate certificate in higher education and training course. South African Journal of Higher Education, 18(1), 364–81Google Scholar

Raisman, N. (2001). Embrace the Oxymoron: Customer Service in Higher Education. LRP Publications

Rajagopalan, K. (2004). The concept of ‘World English’ and its implications for ELT. ELT Journal, 58(2), 111–117Google Scholar

Ransom, L. (2009). Implementing the post-entry English language assessment policy at the University of Melbourne: Rationale, processes and outcomes. Journal of Academic Language & Learning, 3(2), A13–A25Google Scholar

Read, J. (2008). Identifying English language needs through diagnostic assessment. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 7(3), 180–190Google Scholar

Read, J. and Wette, R. (2009). Achieving English proficiency for professional registration: The experience of overseas-qualified health professionals in the New Zealand Context. IELTS Research Reports, Vol. 10, pp. 1–42. www.ielts.org/pdf/vol10_report4.pdf Retrieved 30 November 2014Google Scholar

Read, J. (2013). Issues in post-entry language assessment in English-medium universities. Language Teaching. DOI: 10.1017/S0261444813000190Google Scholar

Read, J. (2015). Assessing English Proficiency for University Study. London: Palgrave Macmillan

Read, J. and von Randow, J. (2013). A university post-entry English language assessment: Charting the changes. English Language Studies, 13(2), 89–110Google Scholar

Rea-Dickins, P., Kiely, R. and Yu, G. (2007). Student Identity, Learning and Progression: with specific reference to the affective and academic impact of IELTS on ‘successful’ candidates. IELTS Impact Studies Vol. 7 (IELTS Joint-funded research programme). IELTS Australia & the British Council

Rex, L. A. and McEachen, D. (1999). If anything is odd, inappropriate, confusing, or boring, it's probably important: The emergence of inclusive academic literacy through English classroom discussion practices. Research in the Teaching of English, 24, 65–129Google Scholar

Richardson, H. (2012). London Metropolitan students fear deportation. BBC News: Education and Family, 30 August 2012. www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-19419395 Retrieved 18 August 2013

Richardson, J. (1994). Mature students in higher education: II. Academic performance and intellectual ability. Higher Education, 28, 373–86Google Scholar

Robbins Report. (1963). Report of the Committee Appointed by the Prime Minister under the Chairmanship of Lord Robbins, 1961–1963, Higher Education. Cmnd. 2154, London: HMSO

Robbins, S. P. and DeCenzo, D. A. (2001). Management. Prentice-Hall

Rogers, E. M. and Shoemaker, F. (1971). Communication of Innovations: A Cross-Cultural Approach, ed. New York: Free Press

Rogers, E. M. (1983). The Diffusion of Innovations, ed. London and New York: MacMillan and Free Press

Rogers, E. M. (2010). Diffusion of Innovations, ed. New York: The Free Press

Romaine, S. (1989). Bilingualism. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell

Ryan, J. and Hellmundt, S. (2005). Maximising students’ ‘cultural capital’ in Carroll, J. and Ryan, J. (eds), Teaching international students: Improving Learning for All, Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 13–16

Samovar, L., Porter, R. and McDaniel, E. (2006). Intercultural Communication: A Reader. Belmont, CA: Thomas Wadsworth

Saville, N. and Hargreaves, P. (1999). Assessing speaking in the revised FCE. English Language Teaching Journal, 53(1), 42−51Google Scholar

Scarino, A. (2009). Assessing intercultural competence in language learning: Some issues and considerations. Language Teaching, 42(1), 67–80Google Scholar

Scevak, J. and Cantwell, R. H. (2001). Adjusting to university study: The experiences of students from a manufacturing background undertaking university level study in Jeffery, P. L. (ed.), Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Australian Association for Research in Education Perth: December. www.aare.edu.au/01pap/can01525.htm Retrieved 9 April 2010

Scollon, R. and Scollon, S. (2001). Intercultural Communication, A Discourse Approach. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing

Scott, I. (2013). Inequality as the key obstacle to widening successful participation in South Africa – and why higher education is obliged to address it in Murray, N. and Klinger, C. M. (eds), Aspirations, Access and Attainment in Widening Participation: International perspectives on widening participation and an agenda for change. Oxford: Routledge

Searle, J. R. (1969). Speech Acts. Cambridge University Press

Seidlhofer, B. (2005). Key concepts: English as a lingua franca. ELT Journal, 59(4), 339–41Google Scholar

Shah, M., Lewis, I. and Fitzgerald, R. (2011). The renewal of quality assurance in Australian higher education: the challenge of balancing academic rigour, equity and quality outcomes. Quality in Higher Education, 17(3), 265–78Google Scholar

Shanahan, M. (2000) Being that bit older: mature students’ experience of university and healthcare education. Occupational Therapy International, 7(3), 153–62Google Scholar

Shen, Y. (2008). The effect of changes and innovation on educational improvement. International Education Studies, 1(3), 73–7Google Scholar

Shepherd, J. (2012). UK university applications in ‘steepest fall for 30 years’. The Guardian, Monday, 30 January 2012. www.theguardian.com/education/2012/jan/30/uk-univeristy-applications-fall Retrieved 6 June 2014

Sheridan, V. (2011). A holistic approach to international students, institutional habitus and academic literacies in an Irish third level institution. Higher Education, 62, 129–40Google Scholar

Shohamy, E., Levine, T., Spolsky, B., Kere-Levy, M., Inbar, O. and Shemesh, M. (2002). The Academic Achievements of Immigrant Children from the Former USSR and Ethiopia. Report (in Hebrew) submitted to the Ministry of Education, Israel

Simonds, B., Lippert, L., Hunt, S., Angell, M. and Moore, M. (2008). Communication and diversity: Innovations in teacher education. Communication Teacher, 22(2), 56–65Google Scholar

Spolsky, B. (1968). Some Psycholinguistic and Sociolinguistic Aspects of Bilingual Education. New Mexico: University of New Mexico

Spolsky, B. (1978). Educational Linguistics: An Introduction. Rowley, MA: Newbury House

Spolsky, B. (1989). Communicative competence, language proficiency, and beyond. Applied Linguistics, 10(2), 138–55Google Scholar

Spolsky, B. (2008). Introduction. Language testing at 25: Maturity and responsibility? Language Testing, 25(3), 297–305Google Scholar

Stanley, P. and Murray, N.. (2013). What do we mean by ‘qualified’ teacher? A comparison of teacher preparation course types in English language teaching. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics, 36(1), 102–15Google Scholar

Stappenbelt, B. and Barrett-Lennard, S. (2008). Teaching smarter to improve the English communication proficiency of international engineering students – Collaborations between content and language specialists at the University of Western Australia. Journal of English for Academic Purposes 9, 198–210Google Scholar

Stephan, W. and Stephan, C. (2000). An Integrated Threat Theory of prejudice in Oskamp, S. (ed.) Reducing prejudice and discrimination. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates

Stier, J. (2003). Internationalisation, ethnic diversity and the acquisition of intercultural competencies. Intercultural Education 14(1), 77–91Google Scholar

Stier, J. (2006). Internationalisation, intercultural communication, and intercultural competence. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 11, 1–12Google Scholar

Stier, J. (2010). The blindspots and biases of intercultural communication studies: A discussion on episteme and doxa in the field. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 20(24), 1–8Google Scholar

Stoller, F. L. (2009). Innovation as the hallmark of effective leadership in Christison, M. A. and Murray, D. (eds), Leadership in English Language Education: Theoretical Foundations and Practical Skills for Changing Times. New York: Routledge, pp. 73–84

Stuart, M. (2002). Managing Widening Participation in Further and Higher Education. National Institute of Adult Continuing Education (NIACE)

Summers, M. and Volet, S. (2008). Students’ attitudes towards culturally mixed groups on international campuses: impact of participation in diverse and non-diverse groups. Studies in Higher Education, 33(4), 357–70Google Scholar

Sumner, W. G. (1906). Folkways. Boston: Ginn

Sumner, W. G. and Keller, A. G. (1906). Folkways: A Study of the Sociological Importance of Usages, Manners, Customs, Mores, and Morals. New York: Ginn

Swales, J. (1990). Genre Analysis: English in Academic and Research Settings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Tajfel, H. and Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict in Austin, W. G. and Worchel, S. (eds), The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations, Monterey, CA: Brooks-Cole, pp. 33–47

Tan, L. (2010). Benefits of foreign students overlooked. New Zealand Herald, 9 March 2010. www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10630745 Retrieved 27 October 2012

Taylor, L. (2004). Issues of test comparability. Research Notes 15. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge ESOL

Taylor, L. (2009). Developing assessment literacy. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 29, 21–6Google Scholar

Tellez, K. (2007). Have conceptual reforms (and one anti-reform) in pre-service teacher education improved the education of multicultural, multilingual children and youth? Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 13(6), 543–64Google Scholar

Thomas, W. P. and Collier, V. P. (2002). A National Study of School Effectiveness for Language Minority Students’ Long-Term Academic Achievement. Santa Cruz, CA: Center for Research on Education, Diversity and Excellence, University of California-Santa Cruz. www.usc.edu/dept/education/CMMR/CollierThomasExReport.pdf Retrieved 18 July 2014

Thomas, L. (2002). Student retention in higher education: The role of institutional habitus. Journal of Education Policy, 17(4), 423–42Google Scholar

Tight, M. (2013). Widening participation in UK Higher Education: the institutional performance in Murray, N. and Klinger, C. M. (eds), Aspirations, Access and Attainment in Widening Participation: International Perspectives on Widening Participation and an Agenda for Change. Oxford: Routledge

Tinto, V. (2008). Access without support is not opportunity. Keynote address at the 36th Annual Institute for Chief Academic Officers, The Council of Independent Colleges, 1 November 2008, Seattle, Washington. www.cic.edu/conferences_events/caos/2008_cao_resources/2008cao_tinto.pdf Retrieved 28 August 2009

Tollefson, J. W. (1991). Planning Language, Planning Inequality: Language Policy in the Community. London: Longman

Tollefson, J. W. (1995). Power and Inequality in Language Education. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Turner, Y. (2009). Challenges in using group work to create an intercultural learning space: ‘Knowing Me, Knowing You, Is There Nothing We Can Do?’: Pedagogic challenges in using group work to create an intercultural learning space. Journal of Studies in International Education, 13(2), 240–55Google Scholar

UK Government, Department for Business Innovation and Skills, (June, 2011). Estimating the value to the UK of education exports. www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/32395/11-980-estimating-value-of-education-exports.pdf Retrieved 3 July 2015

Universities UK. (2013). Patterns and trends in higher education. Universities UK. www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/highereducation/Pages/PatternsAndTrendsInUKHigherEducation2013.aspx#.U5G6G01OWM8 Retrieved 23 March 2014

University of Sydney. (n.d.). Good Practice Principles for the Development of Students’ Academic and Professional Communication Skills at the University of Sydney. University of Sydney

US Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. (2013). Digest of Education Statistics, 2012 (NCES 2014–015). nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=37 Retrieved 1 June 2014

Vachek, J. (1966). The Linguistic School of Prague. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University

van Schalkwyk, S., Bitzer, E. and van der Walt, C. (2009). Acquiring academic literacy: a case of first-year extended degree programme students, Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 27(2), 189−201Google Scholar

Vertovec, S. (2010). Towards Post-Multiculturalism: Changing Communities, Conditions and Contexts of Diversity. UNESCO

Victorian Institute of Teaching. English language requirements. www.vit.vic.edu.au/registration/apply-for-registration/all-other-applicants/Pages/english-requirements.aspx Retrieved 30 November 2014

Volet, S. E. and Ang, G. (2012). Culturally mixed groups on international campuses: an opportunity for inter-cultural learning, Higher Education Research & Development, 31(1), 21–37Google Scholar

Wallis, D. (1995). Testing in twos—the paired format in oral examinations. UCLES Presentation, IATEFL Annual Conference, York

Warren, D. (2002). Curriculum design in a context of widening participation in higher education. Arts and Humanities in Higher Education, 1(1), 85−99Google Scholar

Waters, A. (2009). Managing innovation in English language education. Language Teaching, 42(4), 421−58Google Scholar

Waters, A. and Vilches, M. L. C. (2001). Implementing ELT innovations: A needs analysis framework. ELT Journal, 55(2), 133−41Google Scholar

Watson, K. W. (1996). Listening and feedback in Barker, L. and Barker, D. (eds), Communication. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon, pp. 49–77

Watts, R. (2003). Politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Webb, C. and Bonanno, H. (1994). Systematic measurement of students’ academic literacy Skills. Research and Development in Higher Education, 16, 577−81Google Scholar

Webb, C. and Bonanno, H. (1995). Assessing the Literacy Skills of an increasingly diverse Student Population, Research and Development in Higher Education, Higher Education Research and Development Society of Australasia, 17 (electronic version)

Webb, C., English, L. and Bonanno, H. (1995). Collaboration in Subject Design: integration of the teaching and assessment of literacy skills into a first-year Accounting course. Accounting Education, 4(4), 335−50Google Scholar

Wedell, M. (2009). Planning for Educational Change – Putting People and Their Contexts First. London: Continuum

Wheelahan, L. (2009). What kind of access does VET provide to higher education for low SES students? Not a lot. ‘Student Equity in Higher Education: What we know. What we need to know’ National Centre for Student Equity in Higher Education Launch & Forum, University of South Australia, 25–26 February 2009. w3.unisa.edu.au/hawkeinstitute/ncsehe/student-equity-forum-2009/wheelahan-what-kind-of-access.pdf

White, R. V. (1987). Managing innovation. ELT Journal, 41(3), 211−18Google Scholar

White-Clark, R. (2005). Training teachers to succeed in a multicultural classroom. Education Digest: Essential Readings Condensed for Quick Review, 70(8), 23–6Google Scholar

White House Briefing. (2009). Remarks of President Barrack Obama – as Prepared for Delivery Address to Joint Sessions of Congress Tuesday, Februray 24th, 2009. Washington DC: U.S. Government. www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Remarks-of-President-Barack-Obama-Address-to-Joint-Session-of-Congress Retrieved 24 October 2014

Widdowson, H. G. (1990). Aspects of Language Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Widdowson, H. G. (1994). The ownership of English. TESOL Quarterly, 28(2), 377–89Google Scholar

Widdowson, H. G. (2003). Defining Issues in English Language Teaching. Oxford University Press

Wiley, T. G. (1996). Literacy and Language Diversity in the United States. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics and Delta Systems

Wilkins, D. (1976). Notional Syllabuses. Oxford University Press

Wingate, U. (2006). Doing away with ‘study skills’. Teaching in Higher Education, 11(4), 457−69Google Scholar

Wingate, U. (2007). A framework for transition: supporting ‘learning to learn’ in higher education. Higher Education Quarterly, 61(3), 391–405Google Scholar

Wingate, U., Andon, N. and Cogo, A. (2011). Embedding academic writing instruction into subject teaching: A case study. Active Learning in Higher Education, 12(1), 69–81Google Scholar

Woodrow, L. (2006). Academic success of international postgraduate education students and the role of English proficiency. University of Sydney Papers in TESOL, 1, 51–70Google Scholar

Zhengdong, G. (2009). IELTS preparation course and student IELTS performance: A case study in Hong Kong. RELC Journal, 40(1), 23–41Google Scholar