Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T14:23:38.207Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 November 2023

Jacquelien van Stekelenburg
Affiliation:
Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam
Bert Klandermans
Affiliation:
Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
A Social Psychology of Protest
Individuals in Action
, pp. 238 - 273
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alberici, A. I., & Milesi, P. (2015). Online discussion, politicized identity, and collective action. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430215581430CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alesina, A., & La Ferrara, E. (2000). Participation in heterogeneous communities. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115(3), 847904.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Almond, G., & Verba, S. (1963). The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations. Little, Brown.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ancelovici, M. (2021). Conceptualizing the context of collective action: An introduction. Social Movement Studies, 20(2), 125138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anduiza, E., Cristancho, C., & Sabucedo, J. M. (2013). Mobilization through online social networks: The political protest of the indignados in Spain. Information, Communication & Society, 17(6), 750764.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arnold, M. B. (1960). Emotion and Personality. Colombia University Press.Google Scholar
Ashe, S. D., Busher, J., Macklin, G., & Winter, A. (2020). Researching the Far Right: Theory, Method and Practice. Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atmor, N., Bezinqint, A., & van Stekelenburg, J. (in preparation). Currents of discontent in Israel: Panel study on protest and voting behavior steered by social justice. Frontiers in Psychology.Google Scholar
Ayanian, A. H., & Tausch, N. (2016). How risk perception shapes collective action intentions in repressive contexts: A study of Egyptian activists during the 2013 post‐coup uprising. British Journal of Social Psychology, 55(4), 700721.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baggetta, M., & Myers, D. J. (2022). Interpreting unrest: How violence changes public opinions about social movements. Social Movement Studies, 21(4), 469492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The Exercise of Control. Freeman.Google Scholar
Bar-Tal, D., Halperin, E., & De Rivera, J. (2007). Collective emotions in conflict situations: Societal implication. Journal of Social Issues, 63(2), 441460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bar-Tal, D., & Teichman, Y. (2009). Stereotypes and Prejudice in Conflict: Representations of Arabs in Israeli Jewish Society. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bargh, J. A. (1994). The Four Horsemen of automaticity: Awareness, efficiency, intention, and control in social cognition. In Wyer, J. R. S. & Srull, T. K. (eds.), Handbook of Social Cognition (Vol. 2, pp. 140). Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Barnes, S. H., & Kaase, M. (1979). Political Action: Mass Participation in Five Western Democracies. Sage.Google Scholar
Barr, D., & Drury, J. (2009). Activist identity as a motivational resource: Dynamics of (dis)empowerment at the G8 direct actions, Gleneagles, 2005. Social Movement Studies, 8(3), 243260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bartolini, S., & Mair, P. (1990). Policy competition, spatial distance and electoral instability. West European Politics, 13(4), 116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bauman, Z. (2006). Liquid fear. Polity Press.Google Scholar
Beck, U. (1992). Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity. Sage.Google Scholar
Becker, J. C., Tausch, N., & Wagner, U. (2011). Emotional consequences of collective action participation: Differentiating self-directed and outgroup-directed emotions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(12), 15871598.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benford, R. D. (1997). An insider’s critique of the social movement framing perspective. Sociological Inquiry, 67(4), 409430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benford, R. D., & Snow, D. (2000). Framing processes and social movements: An overview and assessment. Annual Review of Sociology, 26, 1139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benford, R. D. (2013). Identity fields. In Snow, D. A., Della Porta, D., Klandermans, B., & McAdam, D. (eds.), The Wiley‐Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social and Political Movements. Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Benkler, Y., Faris, R., & Roberts, H. (2018). Network Propaganda: Manipulation, Disinformation, and Radicalization in American Politics. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennett, L. W., & Segerberg, A. (2012). The logic of connective action. Digital media and the personalization of collective action. Information, Communication & Society, 15(5), 739768.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergstrand, K. (2014). The mobilizing power of grievances: Applying loss aversion and omission bias to social movements. Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 19(2), 123142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berkowitz, L. (1972). Frustrations, comparisons, and other sources of emotion aroused as contributors to social unrest. Journal of Social Issues, 28, 7792.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berkowitz, L., & Donnerstein, E. (1982). External validity is more than skin deep: Some answers to criticisms of laboratory experiments. American Psychologist, 37(3), 245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernhagen, P., & Marsh, M. (2007). Voting and protesting: Explaining citizen participation in old and new European democracies. Democratisation, 14(1), 4472.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Billig, M. (1976). Social Psychology and Intergroup Relations. Academic Press.Google Scholar
Bjorgo, T., & Horgan, J. G. (2008). Leaving Terrorism Behind: Individual and Collective Disengagement. Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bliuc, A. M., McGarty, C., Reynolds, K., & Muntele, D. (2007). Opinion‐based group membership as a predictor of commitment to political action. European Journal of Social Psychology, 37(1), 1932.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blocq, D., Klandermans, B., & Van Stekelenburg, J. (2012). Political embeddedness and the management of emotions. Mobilization, 17(3), 319334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blumer, H. (1951). Collective behavior. In Herbert, B. & Lee, A. M. (eds.), New Outline of the Principles of Sociology (pp. 166222). Barnes and Nobel.Google Scholar
Boekkooi, M. (2012). Mobilizing Protest: The Influence of Organizers on Who Participates and Why. PhD Thesis, VU University. Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Boekkooi, M., Klandermans, B., & Van Stekelenburg, J. (2011). Quarrelling and protesting: How organizers shape a demonstration. Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 16(2), 221239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
le Bon, G. (1896/2002). The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind. Courier Corporation.Google Scholar
Bosco, F. J. (2006). The Madres de Plaza de Mayo and three decades of human rights’ activism: Embeddedness, emotions, and social movements. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 96(2), 342365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boutellier, H. (2021). Het nieuwe westen. De identitaire strijd om de sociale verbeelding. Uitgeverij Van Gennip.Google Scholar
Boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2007). Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 210230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Branscombe, N. R., Ellemers, N., Spears, R., & Doosje, B. (1999). The context and content of social identity threat. In Ellemers, N., Spears, R., & Doosje, B. (eds.), Social Identity; Context, Commitment, Content (pp. 3558). Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Brewer, M. B., & Silver, M. D. (2000). Group distinctiveness, social identification, and collective action. In Stryker, S., Owens, T. J., & White, R. W. (eds.), Self, Identity, and Social Movements (Vol. 13, pp. 153171). University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Brewer, P. R., & Steenbergen, M. R. (2002). All against all: How beliefs about human nature shape foreign policy opinions. Political Psychology, 23(1), 3958.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brils, T., Muis, J., & Gaidytė, T. (2022). Dissecting electoral support for the far right: A comparison between mature and post-communist European democracies. Government and Opposition, 57(1), 5683.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bringle, R. G., & Steinberg, K. (2010). Educating for informed community involvement. American Journal of Community Psychology, 46(3–4), 428441.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, G., & Pickerill, J. (2009). Space for emotion in the spaces of activism. Emotion, Space and Society, 2(1), 2435.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brunsting, S., & Postmes, T. (2002). Social movement participation in the digital age. Predicting offline and online collective action. Small Group Research, 33(5), 525554.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buechler, S. M. (2013a). Mass society theory. In In Snow, D. A., Della Porta, D., Klandermans, B., & McAdam, D. (eds.), The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social and Political Movements. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.Google Scholar
Buechler, S. M. (2013b). Strain and breakdown theories. In Snow, D. A., Della Porta, D., Klandermans, B., & McAdam, D. (eds.), The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social and Political Movements. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.Google Scholar
Bunnage, L. A. (2014). Social movement engagement over the long haul: Understanding activist retention. Sociology Compass, 8(4), 433445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buskens, V. (2014). Coöperatie in context: experimentele sociologie 2.0. Oratie.Google Scholar
Cappella, J. N., & Jamieson, K. H. (1997). Spiral of Cynicism, The Press and the Public Good. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Centola, D. M. (2013). Homophily, networks, and critical mass: Solving the start-up problem in large group collective action. Rationality and Society, 25(1), 340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chazel, F. (2001). Sociology of social movements. In Smelser, N. & Baltes, P. (eds.), International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences (pp. 1437114375). Elsevier.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chirumbolo, A., Mayer, N., & De Witte, H. (2006). Do right-and left-wing extremists have anything in common? In Klandermans, B. & Mayer, N. (eds.), Extreme Right Activists in Europe: Through the Magnifying Glass (pp. 248268). Routledge.Google Scholar
Christensen, H. S. (2011). Political Participation beyond the Vote: How the Institutional Context Shapes Patterns of Political Participation in 18 Western European Democracies. Åbo Akademi University Press.Google Scholar
Christopher, B. (2021). Political sociology in a time of protest. Current Sociology, 69(6), 919942.Google Scholar
Coleman, J. S., & Coleman, J. S. (1994). Foundations of Social Theory. Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Collier, R. B., & Mazzuca, S. (2006). Does history repeat? In Goodin, R. E. & Tilly, C. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Contextual Political Analysis (pp. 472489). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Collins, R. (2001). Social movements and the focus of emotional attention. In Goodwin, J., Jasper, J. M., & Polleta, F. (eds.), Passionate Politics. Emotions and Social Movements (pp. 2744). University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corcoran, K. E., Pettinicchio, D., & Robbins, B. (2012). Religion and the acceptability of white‐collar crime: A cross‐national analysis. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 51(3), 542567.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corrigall-Brown, C. (2011). Patterns of Protest: Trajectories of Participation in Social Movements. Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Corrigall-Brown, C. (2012). From the balconies to the barricades and back? Trajectories of participation in contentious politics. Journal of Civil Society, 8(1), 1738.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coser, L. A. (1956). The Functions of Social Conflict. Free Press.Google Scholar
Coser, L. A. (1974). Greedy Institutions: Patterns of Undivided Commitment. Free Press.Google Scholar
Crenshaw, M. (1987). Theories of terrorism: Instrumental and organizational approaches. The Journal of Strategic Studies, 10(4), 1331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crenshaw, M. (2011). The debate over ‘old’ vs. ‘new’ terrorism. In Coolsaet, R. (ed.), Jihadi Terrorism and the Radicalisation Challenge. European and American Experiences (pp. 5768). Ashgate Publishing Ltd.Google Scholar
Curtis, R. L., & Zurcher, L. A. (1973). Stable resources of protest movements: The multi-organizational field. Social Forces, 52(1), 5361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahlgren, P. (2009). Media and Political Engagement. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dahrendorf, R. (1958). Toward a theory of social conflict. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 2(2), 170183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalgaard-Nielsen, A. (2010). Violent radicalization in Europe: What we know and what we do not know. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 33(9), 797814.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalton, R. J. (1999). Political support in advanced industrial democracies. In Norris, P. (ed.), Critical Citizens: Global Support for Democratic Government (pp. 5777). Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalton, R. J. (2008). Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies. Sage.Google Scholar
Dalton, R. J., McAllister, I., & Wattenberg, M. P. (2002). The consequences of partisan dealignment. In Dalton, R. J. & Wattenburg, M. P. (eds.), Parties without Partisans: Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies (pp. 3763). Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalton, R. J., & Van Sickle, A. (2005). The Resource, Structural, and Cultural Bases of Protest, Center for the Study of Democracy. Available at: http://repositories.cdlib.org/csd/05-11 (last accessed November 21, 2021).Google Scholar
Dalton, R. J., Van Sickle, A., & Weldon, S. (2010). The individual/institutional nexus of protest behaviour. British Journal of Political Science, 40(1), 5173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Damen, M.-L., & Van Stekelenburg, J. (2019). Crowd-cleavage alignment: Do protest issues and protesters’ cleavage position align? In Haunss, S. & Zajak, S. (eds.), Social Stratification and Social Movements: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives on an Ambivalent Relationship (pp. 82108). Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dancey, L. (2012). The consequences of political cynicism: How cynicism shapes citizens’ reactions to political scandals. Political Behavior, 34(3), 411423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davenport, C., Johnston, H., & Mueller, C. M. (2005). Repression and Mobilization (Vol. 21). University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Davies, J. C. (1962). Toward a theory of revolution. American Sociological Review, 27(1), 519.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Weerd, M., & Klandermans, B. (1999). Group identification and political protest: Farmers’ protest in the Netherlands. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 10731095.3.0.CO;2-K>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Della Porta, D. (1995). Social Movements, Political Violence and the State. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Della Porta, D. (2009). Leaving underground organizations: A sociological analysis of the Italian case. In Bjorgo, T. & Horgan, J. (eds.), Leaving Terrorism Behind. Individual and Collective Disengagement (pp. 6687). Routledge.Google Scholar
Della Porta, D. (2013). Clandestine Political Violence. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Della Porta, D. (2015). Social Movements in Times of Austerity: Bringing Capitalism Back into Protest Analysis. John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Della Porta, D., & Diani, M. (2006). Social Movements: An Introduction. John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Della Porta, D., & Diani, M. (2020). Social Movements: An Introduction (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Della Porta, D., & Rucht, D. (1995). Left-libertarian movements in context: A comparison of Italy and West Germany 1965–1990s. In Jenkins, J. C. & Klandermans, B. (eds.), The Politics of Social Protest. Comparative Perspectives on States and Social Movements (pp. 229272). UCL Press.Google Scholar
Della Porta, D., & Tarrow, S. (1986). Unwanted children: Political violence and the cycle of protest in Italy, 1966–1793. European Journal of Political Research, 14(5–6), 607632.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diani, M. (2013). Organizational fields and social movement dynamics. In Van Stekelenburg, J., Roggeband, C. M., & Klandermans, B. (eds.), The Future of Social Movement Research: Dynamics, Mechanisms, and Processes (pp. 145168). University of Minnesota Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diani, M., & McAdam, D. (eds.) (2003). Social Movement Analysis: The Network Perspective. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DiMaggio, P., Evans, J., & Bryson, B. (1996). Have American’s social attitudes become more polarized? The American Journal of Sociology, 102(3), 690755.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dodson, K. (2011). The movement society in comparative perspective. Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 16(4), 475494.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doosje, B., Moghaddam, F. M., Kruglanski, A. W., de Wolf, A., Mann, L., & Feddes, A. R. (2016). Terrorism, radicalization and de-radicalization. Current Opinion in Psychology, 11, 7984.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Downton, J., Jr., & Wehr, P. (1991). Peace movements: The role of commitment and community in sustaining member participation. Research in Social Movements, Conflicts, and Change, 13, 113134.Google Scholar
Downton, J., Jr., & Wehr, P. (1997). The Persistent Activist: How Peace Commitment Develops and Survives. Westview.Google Scholar
Druckman, J. N., Green, D. P., Kuklinski, J. H., & Lupia, A. (2006). The growth and development of experimental research in political science. American Political Science Review, 100(4), 627635.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drury, J., Cocking, C., Beale, J., Hanson, C., & Rapley, F. (2005). The phenomenology of empowerment in collective action. British Journal of Social Psychology, 44, 309328.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Drury, J., & Reicher, S. (1999). The intergroup dynamics of collective empowerment: Substantiating the social identity model of crowd behavior. Group Processes Intergroup Relations, 2(4), 381402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drury, J., & Reicher, S. (2000). Collective action and psychological change: The emergence of new social identities. British Journal of Social Psychology, 39(4), 579604.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Drury, J., & Reicher, S. (2009). Collective psychological empowerment as a model of social change: Researching crowds and power. Journal of Social Issues, 65(4), 707725.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duncan, L. E. (1999). Motivation for collective action: Group consciousness as mediator of personality, life experiences, and women’s rights activism. Political Psychology, 20(3), 611635.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duyvendak, J. W., & Hurenkamp, M. (2004). Kiezen voor de kudde. In Lichte gemeenschappen en de nieuwe meerderheid. Van Gennep.Google Scholar
Dworkin, R. (1981a). What is equality? Part 1: Equality of welfare. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 10(3), 185246.Google Scholar
Dworkin, R. (1981b). What is equality? Part 2: Equality of resources. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 10(4), 283345.Google Scholar
Earl, J., & Kimport, K. (2011). Digitally Enabled Social Change: Activism in the Internet Age. MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Einwohner, R. L., (2002). Bringing the outsiders in: Opponents’ claims and the construction of animal rights activists’ identity. Mobilization, 7, 253268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellemers, N. (1993). The influence of socio-structural variables on identity management strategies. In Stroebe, W. & Hewston, M. (eds.), European Review of Social Psychology (Vol. 4, pp. 2758). Wiley.Google Scholar
Ellemers, N., Spears, R., & Doosje, B. (1999). Introduction. In Ellemers, N., Spears, R., & Doosje, B. (eds.), Social Identity: Context, Commitment, Content. (pp. 15). Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Elster, J. (1979). Ulysses and the Sirens: Studies in Rationality and Irrationality. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Enjolras, B., Steen-Johnsen, K., & Wollebæk, D. (2014). Social media and mobilization to offline demonstrations: Transcending participatory divides? New Media & Society, 15(6), 890908.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erisen, C., Guidi, M., Martini, S., Toprakkiran, S., Isernia, P., & Littvay, L. (2021). Psychological correlates of populist attitudes. Political Psychology, 42, 149171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Esteban, J., & Schneider, G. (2008). Polarization and conflict: Theoretical and empirical issues. Journal of Peace Research, 45(2), 131141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Etty, E. (2009, January 13). Explosive Import Products. NRC.Google Scholar
Evans, J. S. B. (2008). Dual-processing accounts of reasoning, judgment, and social cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 255278.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eyerman, R. (2005). How social movements move: Emotions and social movements. In Flam, H. & King, D. (eds.), Emotions and Social Movements (pp. 4156). Routledge.Google Scholar
Eyerman, R., & Jamison, A. (1991). Social Movements: A Cognitive Perspective. Polity Press.Google Scholar
Farr, R. M. (1996). The Roots of Modern Social Psychology, 1872–1954. Blackwell Publishing.Google Scholar
Feather, N. T., & Newton, J. W. (1982). Values, expectations, and the prediction of social action: An expectancy-valence analysis. Motivation and Emotion, 6(3), 217244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feinberg, M., Willer, R., & Kovacheff, C. (2017). Extreme protest tactics reduce popular support for social movements. Rotman School of Management Working Paper No. 2911177, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2911177 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2911177CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fendrich, J. M. (1993). Ideal Citizens: The Legacy of the Civil Rights Movement. SUNY Press.Google Scholar
Fennema, M., & Tillie, J. N. (2008). Social capital in multicultural societies. In Castiglione, D., Van Deth, J. W., & Wolleb, G. (eds.), Handbook of Social Capital. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Fernandez, R., & McAdam, D. (1989). Multiorganizational fields and recruitment to social movements. International Social Movement Research, 2, 315343.Google Scholar
Fillieule, O. (2005). Temps biographique, temps social et variabilité des rétributions. In Fillieule, O. (ed.), Le désengagement militant (pp. 1747). Belin.Google Scholar
Fillieule, O. (2010). Some elements of an interactionist approach to political disengagement. Social Movement Studies, 9(1), 115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fischer, A., & Roseman, I. (2007). Beat them or ban them: The characteristics and social functions of anger and contempt. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 103115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fisher, D. R., & McInerney, P.-B. (2012). The limits of networks in social movement retention: On canvassers and their careers. Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 17(2), 109128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisher, D. R., Yagatich, W., & Robertson, A. G. (2017). Onto the street and into the movement: Understanding how social movements expand their reach through large-scale protest events. Available at: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/DYZTWCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flacks, R. (1990). Social bases of activist identity: Comment on Braungart article. Political Psychology, 11(2), 283292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Folger, R. (1986). Rethinking equity theory: A referent cognitions model. In Bierhoff, H. W., Cohen, R. L., & Greenberg, J. (eds.), Justice in Social Relations (pp. 145162). Plenum.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forgas, J. P. (ed.) (2001). The Handbook of Affect and Social Cognition. Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Foster, M. D., & Matheson, K. (1999). Perceiving and responding to the personal/group discrimination discrepancy. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(10), 13191329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franzoi, S. L. (2009). The history of social psychology. In Franzoi, S. L. (ed.), Social Psychology (5th ed., pp. 414). McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Gaidyte, T. (2015). Explaining Political Participation in Mature and Post-Communist Democracies: Why Social Trust Matters? Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Gaidytė, T. (2013). Trust in mature and post-communist democracies. Sociopedia.isa, 113.Google Scholar
Gamson, W. A. (1968). Power and Discontent. Dorsey Press.Google Scholar
Gamson, W. A. (1991). Commitment and agency in social movements. Sociological Forum, 6(1), 2750.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gamson, W. A. (1992a). The social psychology of collective action. In Morris, A. & Mueller, C. (eds.), Frontiers in Social Movement Theory (pp. 5376). Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Gamson, W. A. (1992b). Talking Politics. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gamson, W. A., Fireman, B., & Rytina, S. (1982). Encounters with Unjust Authority. Dorsey Press.Google Scholar
Gamson, W. A., & Meyer, D. S. (1996). Framing political opportunity. In McAdam, D., McCarthy, J. D., & Zald, M. N. (eds.), Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings (pp. 275290). Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garyfallou, A., & Van Stekelenburg, J. (2014). Politics of Interest vs. Politics of Representation in the Greek Crisis. The Role of Political Socialization. MA Thesis, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Gerhards, J., & Rucht, D. (1992). Mesomobilization: Organizing and framing in two protest campaigns in West Germany. American Journal of Sociology, 98, 555596.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giugni, M. G. (1998). Was It Worth the Effort? The Outcomes and Consequences of Social Movements. Annual Review of Sociology, 85, 10171042.Google Scholar
Giugni, M. G., & Grasso, M. T. (2016). Austerity and Protest: Popular Contention in Times of Economic Crisis. Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giugni, M. G., McAdam, D., & Tilly, C. (eds.) (1999). How Social Movements Matter. University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Goldstone, J. A. (2003). Introduction: Bridging institutionalized and noninstitutionalized politics. In Goldstone, J. A. (ed.), States, Parties, and Social Movements. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldstone, J. A. (2004). More social movements or fewer? Beyond political opportunity structures to relational fields. Theory and Society, 33(3), 333365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldstone, J. A., & McAdam, D. (2001). Contention in demographic and life-course context. In Aminzade, R., Goldstone, J., McAdam, D., Perry, E., William Sewell, J., Tarrow, S., & Tilly, C. (eds.), Silence and Voice in the Study of Contentious Politics (pp. 195221). Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
González, R., & Brown, R. (2003). Generalization of positive attitudes as a function of subgroup and superordinate group identifications in intergroup contact. European Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 195214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodwin, J. (1997). The libidinal constitution of a high-risk social movement: Affectual ties and solidarity in the Huk rebellion, 1946 to 1954. American Sociological Review, 62(1), 5369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodwin, J., Jasper, J. M., & Polletta, F. (2000). The return of the repressed: The fall and rise of emotions in social movement theory. Mobilization; An International Quarterly, 5(1), 6683.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodwin, J., Jasper, J. M., & Polleta, F. (eds.). (2001). Passionate Politics: Emotions and Social Movements. The University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodwin, J., Jasper, J. M., & Polletta, F. (2004). Emotional dimensions of social movements. In Snow, D. A., Soule, S. A., & Kriesi, H. (eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements (pp. 413432). Blackwell Publishing.Google Scholar
Gordon, M. E., Philpot, J. W., Burt, R. E., Thompson, C. A., & Spiller, W. E. (1980). Commitment to the union: Development of a measure and an examination of its correlates. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65(4), 479.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goslinga, S. (2002). Binding aan de vakbond (Union Commitment). Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Vrije Universiteit. Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Gottraux, P. (2002). “Socialisme ou Barbarie”. Un itinéraire saisi par l’histoire et la sociologie. In Déloye, Y. & Voutat, B. (eds.) Faire de la science politique. Pour une analyse socio-historique du politique (pp. 185200). Belin.Google Scholar
Gøtzsche-Astrup, O., Van den Bos, K., & Hogg, M. A. (2020). Radicalization and violent extremism: Perspectives from research on group processes and intergroup relations. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 23(8), 11271136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gould, D. B. (2008). Affecting the Political: An Assessment of the Emotional Turn in the Study of Social Movements. American Sociological Association.Google Scholar
Gould, D. B. (2009). Moving Politics. University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Granberg, M. (2013). The resurgence of contention and the enduring significance of labour militancy. Conference of the European Sociological Association, Torino, Italy, August, 28–31.Google Scholar
Granovetter, M. (1973). The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 13601380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grasso, M. T., & Giugni, M. (2016). Protest participation and economic crisis: The conditioning role of political opportunities. European Journal of Political Research, 55(4), 663680.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenwood, J. D. (2003). The Disappearance of the Social in American Social Psychology. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greijdanus, H., de Matos Fernandes, C. A., Turner-Zwinkels, F., Honari, A., Roos, C. A., Rosenbusch, H., & Postmes, T. (2020). The psychology of online activism and social movements: Relations between online and offline collective action. Current Opinion in Psychology, 35, 4954.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grover, C. (2011). Social protest in 2011: Material and cultural aspects of economic inequalities. Sociological Research Online, 16(4), 18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gurin, P., Miller, A. H., & Gurin, G. (1980). Stratum identification and consciousness. Social Psychology Quarterly, 43(1), 3047.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gurney, J. N., & Tierney, K. J. (1982). Relative deprivation and social movements: A critical look at twenty years of theory and research. The Sociological Quarterly, 23(1), 3347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gurr, T. R. (1970). Why Men Rebel. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Gusfield, J. (1963). Symbolic Crusade: Status Politics and the American Temperance Movement. University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Halperin, E. (2008). Group-based hatred in intractable conflict in Israel. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 52(5), 713736.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hameleers, M. (2021). On the ordinary people’s enemies: How politicians in the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands communicate populist boundaries via Twitter and the effects on party preferences. Political Science Quarterly, 136(3), 487519.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamnett, C. (2001). Social segregation and social polarization. In Paddison, R. (ed.), Handbook of Urban Studies (pp. 162176). Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harlow, S. (2011). Social media and social movements: Facebook and an online Guatemalan justice movement that moved offline. New Media & Society, 14(2), 225243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haslam, S. A., Oakes, P. J., Turner, J. C., & McGarty, C. (1996). Social identity, selfcategorization, and the perceived homogeneity of ingroups and outgroups. In Sorrentino, R. M. & Higgins, E. T. (eds.), Handbook of Motivation and Cognition (pp. 182222). Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Haslam, S. A., & Turner, J. C. (1995). Context-dependent variation in social stereotyping: Extremism as a self-categorical basis for polarized judgement. European Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 341371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heaney, M. T., & Rojas, F. (2007). Partisans, nonpartisans, and the antiwar movement in the United States. American Politics Research, 35(4), 431464.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henry, P. J. (2008). College sophomores in the laboratory redux: Influences of a narrow data base on social psychology’s view of the nature of prejudice. Psychological Inquiry, 19(2), 4971.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Higgins, E. T. (2000). Social cognition: Learning about what matters in the social world. European Journal of Social Psychology, 30(1), 339.3.0.CO;2-I>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirsch, E. L. (1990). Sacrifice for the cause: Group processes, recruitment, and commitment in a student social movement. American Sociological Review, 55(2), 243254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirsch-Hoefler, S., Canetti, D., & Eiran, E. (2016). Radicalizing religion? Religious identity and settlers’ behavior. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 39(6), 500518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirschman, A. O. (1983). Bonheur privé, action publique. Fayard.Google Scholar
Hirzalla, F., Van Zoonen, L., & de Ridder, J. (2010). Internet use and political participation: Reflections on the mobilization/normalization controversy. The Information Society, 27(1), 115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hogg, M. A., Terry, D., & White, K. (1995). A tale of two theories: A critical comparison of identity theory with social identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 58, 255269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hogg, M. A., & Williams, K. D. (2000). From I to we: Social identity and the collective self. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 4(1), 81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Honari, A. (2018). From “the effect of repression” toward “the response to repression”. Current Sociology, 66(6), 950973.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Honari, A., & Muis, J. (2021). Refraining or resisting: Responses of green movement supporters to repression during the 2013 Iranian presidential elections. Global Policy, 12, 106118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hong, S., & Kim, S. H. (2016). Political polarization on twitter: Implications for the use of social media in digital governments. Government Information Quarterly, 33(4), 777782.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hooghe, M., & Marien, S. (2013). A comparative analysis of the relation between political trust and forms of political participation in Europe. European Societies, 15(1), 131152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hooghe, M., & Quintelier, E. (2014). Political participation in European countries: The effect of authoritarian rule, corruption, lack of good governance and economic downturn. Comparative European Politics, 12(2), 209232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horgan, J. (2008). From profiles to pathways and roots to routes: Perspectives from psychology on radicalization into terrorism. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 618(1), 8094.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horowitz, J. (2017). Who is this “we” you speak of? Grounding activist identity in social psychology. Socius, 3, https://doi.org/doi:10.1177/2378023117717819.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huckfeldt, R., Mondak, J. J., Hayes, M., Pietryka, M. T., & Reilly, J. (2013). Networks, interdependence, and social influence in politics. In Huddy, L., Sears, D. O., & Levy, J. S. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology (pp. 662698). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Huddy, L. (2001). From social to political identity: A critical examination of social identity theory. Political Psychology, 22(1), 127156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huddy, L. (2003). Group identity and political cohesion. In Sears, D. O., Huddy, L., & Jervis, R. (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology (pp. 511558). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hunt, S., & Benford, R. (2004). Collective identity, solidarity, and commitment. In Snow, D. A., Soule, S. A., & Kriesi, H. (eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements (pp. 433457). Blackwell Publishing.Google Scholar
Huo, Y. J., Smith, H., Tyler, T. R., & Lind., E. A. (1996). Superordinate identification, subgroup identification, and justice concerns: Is separatism the problem; Is assimilation the answer? Psychological Science, 7, 4045.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hutter, S. (2014). Protesting Culture and Economics in Western Europe. New Cleavages in Left and Right Politics (Vol. 41). University of Minnesota Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hutter, S., & Kriesi, H. (2013). Movements of the left, movements of the right reconsidered. In Van Stekelenburg, J., Roggeband, C. M., & Klandermans, B. (eds.), The Future of Social Movement Research. Dynamics, Mechanisms, and Processes (pp. 281298). University of Minnesota Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inglehart, R. F. (1981). Post-materialism in an environment of insecurity. American Political Science Review, 75(4), 880900.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inglehart, R. F. (1990). Values, ideology and cognitive mobilization in new social movements. In Dalton, R. J. & Kuechler, M. (eds.), Challenging the Political Order (pp. 4366). Polity Press.Google Scholar
Inglehart, R. F., & Welzel, C. (2005). Modernization, Cultural Change, and Democracy: The Human Development Sequence. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Jacobsson, K., & Saxonberg, S. (2015). Social Movements in Post-Communist Europe and Russia. Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janis, I. L. (1971). Groupthink. Psychology Today, 5(6), 4346.Google Scholar
Jasper, J. (1997). The Art of Moral Protest. Culture, Biography, and Creativity in Social Movements. The University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jasper, J. (1998). The emotions of protest: Affective and reactive emotions in and around social movements. Sociological Forum, 13(3), 397424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jasper, J. (2004). A strategic approach to collective action: Looking for agency in social movement choices. Mobilization: An International Journal, 9(1), 116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jasper, J. (2018). The Emotions of Protest. University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkins, J. C., & Klandermans, B. (eds.) (1995). The Politics of Social Protest: Comparative Perspectives On States and Social Movements. University of Minnesota Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkins, R. (2004). Social Identity. Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, N., Manrique, P., Zheng, M., Cao, Z., Botero, J., Huang, S., Aden, N., Song, C., Leady, J., & Velasquez, N. (2017). Population polarization dynamics and next-generation social media algorithms. arXiv preprint arXiv:1712.06009.Google Scholar
Johnston, H. (2013). A methodology for frame analysis: From discourse to cognitive schemata. In Johnston, H. (ed.), Social Movements and Culture (pp. 217246). Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jost, J. T., & Banaji, M. R. (1994). The role of stereotyping in system‐justification and the production of false consciousness. British Journal of Social Psychology, 33(1), 127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jost, J. T., & Burgess, D. (2000). Attitudinal ambivalence and the conflict between group and system justification motives in low status groups. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(3), 293305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jost, J. T., & Hunyady, O. (2005). Antecedents and consequences of system-justifying ideologies. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14(5), 260265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Juris, J. S. (2008). Performing politics: Image, embodiment, and affective solidarity during anti-corporate globalization protests. Ethnography, 9(1), 6197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kamans, E., Otten, S., & Gordijn, E. H. (2011). Power and threat in intergroup conflict: How emotional and behavioral responses depend on amount and content of threat. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 14(3), 293310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kassimeris, G. (2011). Why Greek terrorists give up: Analyzing individual exit from the revolutionary organization 17 November. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 34(7), 556571.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kawachi, I., Subramanian, S. V., & Kim, D. (2008). Social capital and health. In Kawachi, I., Subramanian, S. V., & Kim, D. (eds.), Social Capital and Health (pp. 126). Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kawakami, K., & Dion, K. L. (1993). The impact of salient self-identities on relative deprivation and action intentions. European Journal of Social Psychology, 23, 525540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kay, A. C., & Jost, J. T. (2003). Complementary justice: effects of “poor but happy” and “poor but honest” stereotype exemplars on system justification and implicit activation of the justice motive. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(5), 823.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelly, C. (1993). Group identification, intergroup perceptions, and collective action. European Review of Social Psychology, 4(1), 5983.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelly, C., & Breinlinger, S. (1995). Identity and injustice: Exploring womens participation in collective action. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 5(1), 4157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelly, C., & Breinlinger, S. (1996). The Social Psychology of Collective Action: Identity, Injustice and Gender. Taylor & Francis.Google Scholar
Kelly, C., & Kelly, J. (1994). Who gets involved in collective action?: Social psychological determinants of individual participation in trade unions. Human Relations, 47(1), 6388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kendall, D. (2007). Sociology in Our Times. Thomson Wadsworth.Google Scholar
Ketelaars, P., Walgrave, S., & Wouters, R. (2014). Degrees of frame alignment: Comparing organisers’ and participants’ frames in 29 demonstrations in three countries. International Sociology, 29(6), 504524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khalil, F. Z., Van Stekelenburg, J., & Klandermans, B. (under review). Trajectories of contestation: Motivational dynamics in repressive regimes.Google Scholar
Kim, H., & Bearman, P. S. (1997). The structure and dynamics of movement participation. American Sociological Review, 62(1), 7093.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kingdon, J. W. (1984). Agendas, Alternatives and Public Policies. Harper Collins College Publishers.Google Scholar
Kirsch, K. (2004). A Review of Scenario Planning Literature. GRIN Verlag.Google Scholar
Kirton, G., & Healy, G. (2013). Commitment and collective identity of long-term union participation: The case of women union leaders in the UK and USA. Work, Employment and Society, 27(2), 195212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kittilson, M. C., & Schwindt-Bayer, L. (2010). Engaging citizens: The role of power-sharing institutions. The Journal of Politics, 72(4), 9901002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kitts, J. A. (2000). Mobilizing in black boxes: Social networks and participation in social movement organizations. Mobilization, 5(2), 241257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klandermans, B. (1984). Mobilization and participation: Social-psychological expansions of resource mobilization theory. American Sociological Review, 49(5), 583600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klandermans, B. (1987). Ongeluk alleen maakt niet opstandig. De complexe relatie tussen ontevredenheid en protestgedrag. Nederlands tijddschrift voor de psychologie en haar grensgebieden, 42(5), 239249.Google Scholar
Klandermans, B. (1988). The formation and mobilization of consensus. In Klandermans, B., Kriesi, H., & Tarrow, S. (eds.), From Structure to Action: Comparing Social Movement Research across Cultures (Vol. 1, pp. 173196). JAI Press.Google Scholar
Klandermans, B. (1992). The social construction of protest and multiorganizational fields. In Morris, A. D. & Mueller, C. M. (eds.), Frontiers in Social Movement Theory (pp. 77103). Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Klandermans, B. (1994). Transient identities? Membership patterns in the Dutch peace movement. In Larana, E., Johnston, H., & Gusfield, J. R. (eds.), New Social Movements: From Ideology to Identity (pp. 168184). Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Klandermans, B. (1997). The Social Psychology of Protest. Blackwell.Google Scholar
Klandermans, B. (2001). Why movements come into being and why people join them. In Blau, J. (ed.), Blackwell’s Compendium of Sociology (pp. 268281). Blackwell.Google Scholar
Klandermans, B. (2002). How group identification helps to overcome the dilemma of collective action. American Behavioral Scientist, 45(5), 887900.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klandermans, B. (2003). Disengaging from movements. The Social Movements Reader: Cases and Concepts, 5, 116127.Google Scholar
Klandermans, B. (2004). The demand and supply of participation: Social-psychological correlates of participation in social movements. In Snow, D. A., Soule, S. A., & Kriesi, H. (eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements (pp. 360379). Blackwell.Google Scholar
Klandermans, B. (2005). Une psychologie sociale de l’exit. In Fillieule, O. (ed.), Le désengagement militant (pp. 95110). Belin.Google Scholar
Klandermans, B. (2014). Identity politics and politicized identities: Identity processes and the dynamics of protest. Political Psychology, 35(1), 122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klandermans, B. (2015a). Movement politics and party politics in times of democratic transition. South Africa, 1994–2000. In Van Stralen, C. & Klandermans, B. (eds.), Movements in Times of Democratic Transition (pp. 241258). Temple University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klandermans, B. (2015b). The virtue of comparison: On times, places, issues, and activities. Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 20(1), 116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klandermans, B., & de Weerd, M. (2000). Group identification and political protest. In Stryker, S., Owens, T. J., & White, R. W. (eds.), Self, Identity, and Social Movements (pp. 6892). University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Klandermans, B., & Goslinga, S. (1996). Media discourse, movement publicity, and the generation of collective action frames: Theoretical and empirical exercises in meaning construction in comparative perspectives on social movements. In McAdam, D., McCarthy, J. D., & Zald, M. N. (eds.), Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings (pp. 312337). Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Klandermans, B., & Mayer, N. (eds.) (2006). Extreme Right Activists in Europe. Through the Magnifying Glass. Routledge.Google Scholar
Klandermans, B., & Oegema, D. (1987). Potentials, networks, motivations, and barriers: Steps toward participation in social movements. American Sociological Review, 52, 519531.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klandermans, B., Roefs, M., & Olivier, J. (1998). A movement takes office. In McCarthy, J. D., McPhail, C., Meyer, D. S., & Tarrow, S. (eds.), The Social Movement Society: Contentious Politics for a New Century (pp. 173194). Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Klandermans, B., Roefs, M., & Olivier, J. (2001). Grievance formation in a country in transition: South Africa, 1994–1998. Social Psychology Quarterly, 64(1), 4154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klandermans, B., Sabucedo, J. M., & Rodriguez, M. (2004). Inclusiveness of identification among farmers in The Netherlands and Galicia (Spain). European Journal of Social Psychology, 34(3), 279295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klandermans, B., Sabucedo, J. M., Rodriguez, M., & De Weerd, M. (2002). Identity processes in collective action participation: Farmers’ identity and farmers’ protest in the Netherlands and Spain. Political Psychology, 23(2), 235251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klandermans, B., & Smith, J. (2002). Survey research: A case for comparative design. In Klandermans, B. & Staggenborg, S. (eds.), Methods of Social Movement Research (pp. 331). University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Klandermans, B., & Staggenborg, S. (eds.) (2002). Methods of Social Movement Research. University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Klandermans, B., Van der Toorn, J., & Van Stekelenburg, J. (2008). Embeddedness and identity: How immigrants turn grievances into action. American Sociological Review, 73(6), 9921012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klandermans, B., & Van Stekelenburg, J. (2013). Social movements and the dynamics of collective action. In Huddy, L., Sears, D. O., & Levy, J. S. (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology (2nd ed., pp. 850900). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Klandermans, B., & Van Stekelenburg, J. (2014). Why people don’t participate in collective action. Journal of Civil Society, 10(4), 341352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klandermans, B., & Van Stekelenburg, J. (2016). Taking Austerity to the Streets: Fighting Austerity Measures or Austerity States. Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 21(4), 431448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klandermans, B., & Van Stekelenburg, J. (2019). Identity formation in street demonstrations. In Stets, I. & Serpe, R. (eds.), Identities in Everyday Life (pp. 309327). Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klandermans, B., Van Stekelenburg, J., & Damen, M.-L. (2015). Beneficiary and conscience constituencies: On interests and solidarity. In Giugni, M. & Grasso, M. (eds.), Austerity and Protest: Popular Contention in Times of Economic Crisis (pp. 155170). Ashgate.Google Scholar
Klandermans, B., Van Stekelenburg, J., Damen, M.-L., Van Troost, D., & Van Leeuwen, A. (2014). Mobilization without organization: The case of unaffiliated demonstrators. European Sociological Review, 30(6), 702716.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klandermans, B., Van Stekelenburg, J., Van Troost, D., Van Leeuwen, A., Walgrave, S., Verhulst, J., Van Laer, J., & Wouters, R. (2010). Manual for Data Collection on Protest Demonstrations. Caught in the Act of Protest: Contextualizing Contestation (CCC-project).Google Scholar
Klandermans, B., & Van Stralen, C. (eds.) (2005). Movements in Times of Democratic Transition. Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Klein, O., & Muis, J. (2019). Online discontent: Comparing Western European far-right groups on Facebook. European Societies, 21(4), 540562.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Konaev, M., & Moghaddam, F. M. (2010). Mutual radicalization: Bush, Ahmadinejad, and the “universal” cycle of outgroup threat–ingroup cohesion. In Moghaddam, F. M. & Harré, R. (eds.), Words of Conflict, Words of War (pp. 155171). Praeger.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koopmans, R. (1997). Dynamics of repression and mobilization: The German extreme right in the 1990s. Mobilization, 2(2), 149164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koopmans, R. (1999). Political. Opportunity. Structure. Some splitting to balance the lumping. Sociological Forum, 14(1), 93105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koopmans, R. (2004). Protest in time and space: The evolution of waves of contention. In Snow, D. A., Soule, S. A., & Kriesi, H. (eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements (pp. 1946). Blackwell.Google Scholar
Koopmans, R., & Olzak, S. (2004). Discursive opportunities and the evolution of right-wing violence in Germany. American Journal of Sociology, 110, 198230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kornhauser, W. (1959). The Politics of Mass Society. The Free Press.Google Scholar
Kostadinova, T. (2012). Political Corruption in Eastern Europe: Politics after Communism. Lynne Rienner.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kriesi, H. (1993). Political Mobilization and Social Change: The Dutch Case in Comparative Perspective. Ashgate Publishing.Google Scholar
Kriesi, H. (2009, October). The changing dynamics of mobilization. Advancements in Social Movement Research, Conference paper, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Kriesi, H., Grande, E., Lachat, R., Dolezal, M., Bornschier, S., & Frey, T. (2008). West European Politics in the Age of Globalization. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kriesi, H., Koopmans, R., Duyvendak, J. W., & Giugni, M. G. (1995). New Social Movements in Western Europe: A Comparative Analysis. Minnesota University Press.Google Scholar
Kruglanski, A. W., Bélanger, J. J., & Gunaratna, R. (2019). The Three Pillars of Radicalization: Needs, Narratives, and Networks. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kurtz, S. (2002). All Kinds of Justice: Labor and Identity Politics. University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Kutlaca, M., Van Zomeren, M., & Epstude, K. (2019). Our right to a steady ground: Perceived rights violations motivate group identification and collective action intentions against human-caused earthquakes. Environment and Behavior51(3), 315344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuypers, J. A. (2006). Bush’s War: Media Bias and Justifications for War in a Terrorist Age. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.Google Scholar
Lancee, B., & Van de Werfhorst, H. G. (2012). Income inequality and participation: A comparison of 24 European countries. Social Science Research, 41(5), 11661178.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lane, D. S., Kim, D. H., Lee, S. S., Weeks, B. E., & Kwak, N. (2017). From online disagreement to offline action: How diverse motivations for using social media can increase political information sharing and catalyze offline political participation. Social Media + Society, 3(3), 2056305117716274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazarus, R. S. (1966). Psychological Stress and the Coping Process. McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Emotion and Adaptation. Oxford University.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazarus, R. S. (2001). Relational meaning and discrete emotions. In Scherer, K. R., Schorr, A., & Johnstone, T. (eds.), Appraisal Processes in Emotion: Theory, Methods, Research (pp. 3767). Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazarus, R. S. (2006). Emotions and interpersonal relationships: Toward a person‐centered conceptualization of emotions and coping. Journal of Personality, 74(1), 946.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leach, C. W., Iyer, A., & Pedersen, A. (2006). Anger and guilt about in-group advantage explain the willingness for political action. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 12321245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leach, C. W., Zeineddine, F. B., & Čehajić‐Clancy, S. (2013). Moral immemorial: The rarity of self‐criticism for previous generations’ genocide or mass violence. Journal of Social Issues, 69(1), 3453.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lemonik, A., & Mikaila, M. (2013). Emergent norm theory. In Snow, D. A., Della Porta, D., Klandermans, B., & McAdam, D. (eds.), The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social and Political Movements. Blackwell.Google Scholar
Lerner, M. J. (1980). The belief in a just world. In The Belief in a Just World. Perspectives in Social Psychology (pp. 930). Springer.Google Scholar
Lewandowsky, S., Ecker, U. K., & Cook, J. (2017). Beyond misinformation: Understanding and coping with the “post-truth” era. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 6(4), 353369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewin, K. (1936). Principles of Topological Psychology. McGraw-Hill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lichterman, P. (1996). The Search for Political Community: American Activists Reinventing Commitment. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lichterman, P. (2005). Elusive Togetherness: Church Groups Trying to Bridge America’s Divisions. Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lijphart, A. (1999). Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries. Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Lin, N. (1999). Building a network theory of social capital. Connections, 22, 2851.Google Scholar
Lind, E. A., & Tyler, T. R. (1988). The Social Psychology of Procedural Justice. Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linden, A., & Klandermans, B. (2006). Stigmatization and repression of extreme-right activism in the Netherlands. Mobilization: An International Journal, 11(2), 213228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linden, A., & Klandermans, B. (2007). Revolutionaries, wanderers, converts, and compliants: Life histories of extreme right activists. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 36, 184201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lipset, S. M., & Rokkan, S. (1967). Cleavage structures, party systems, and voter alignments: an introduction. In Lipset, S. M. & Rokkan, S. (Eds.), Party Systems and Voter Alignments (pp. 164). Free Press.Google Scholar
Liss, M., Crawford, M., & Popp, D. (2004). Predictors and correlates of collective action. Sex Roles, 50(11–12), 771779.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Livingstone, A. G. (2014). Why the psychology of collective action requires qualitative transformation as well as quantitative change. Contemporary Social Science, 9(1), 121134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lodewijkx, H. F., Kersten, G. L., & Van Zomeren, M. (2008). Dual pathways to engage in “silent marches” against violence: Moral outrage, moral cleansing and modes of identification. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 18(3), 153167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Louis, W. (2009). Collective action: And then what? Journal of Social Issues, 65(4), 727748.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Louis, W., Amiot, C., Thomas, E. F., & Blackwood, L. (2016). The “activist identity” and activism across domains: A multiple identities analysis. Journal of Social Issues, 72(2), 242263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Louis, W., Thomas, E., McGarty, C., Lizzio‐Wilson, M., Amiot, C., & Moghaddam, F. (2020). The volatility of collective action: Theoretical analysis and empirical data. Political Psychology, 41, 3574.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macdougall, A. I., Feddes, A. R., & Doosje, B. (2020). “They’ve put nothing in the pot!”: Brexit and the key psychological motivations behind voting “remain” and “leave”. Political Psychology, 41(5), 979995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Machackova, H., & Šerek, J. (2017). Does “clicking” matter? The role of online participation in adolescents’ civic development. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 11(4), art 5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackie, D. M., Devos, T., & Smith, E. R. (2000). Intergroup emotions: Explaining offensive action tendencies in an intergroup context. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(4), 602616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Major, B. (1994). From social inequality to personal entitlement: The role of social comparisons, legitimacy appraisals, and group memberships. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 26, 293355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manilov, M. (2013). Occupy at one year: Growing the roots of a movement. The Sociological Quarterly, 54(2), 206213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mansbridge, J. J., & Morris, A. (2001). Oppositional Consciousness: The Subjective Roots of Social Protest. University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marcus, G. E. (2003). The psychology of emotions and politics. In Sears, D. O., Huddy, L., & Jervis, R. (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology (pp. 182221). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Marcus, G. E. (2010). Sentimental Citizen: Emotion in Democratic Politics. Penn State Press.Google Scholar
Marcus, G. E., & MacKuen, M. (1993). Anxiety, enthusiasm, and the vote: The emotional underpinnings of learning and involvement during presidential campaigns. American Political Science Review, 87, 688701.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marcus, G. E., Neuman, W. R., & MacKuen, M. (2000). Affective Intelligence and Political Judgment. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Marien, S., & Christensen, H. S. (2013). Trust and openness: Prerequisites for democratic engagement? In Jakobson, M. L. & Kalev, L. (eds.), Democracy in Transition. Political Participation in the European Union (pp. 109134). Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marokko Media (2004). Internet tariefkaart. Marketing report ordered by Marokko, NL.Google Scholar
Marsh, A. (1977). Protest and Political Consciousness. Sage.Google Scholar
Martin, G. (2015). Understanding Social Movements. Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, J. (1986). The tolerance of injustice. In Olson, J. M., Herman, C. P., & Zanna, M. P. (eds.), Relative Deprivation and Social Comparison: The Ontario Symposium (Vol. 4, pp. 217242). Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Martini, S., & Torcal, M. (2016). Trust across political conflicts: Evidence from a survey experiment in divided societies. Party Politics, 75(4), 11081124.Google Scholar
Marwell, G., Aiken, M. T., & Demerath, N. J. III (1987). The persistence of political attitudes among 1960s civil rights activists. Public Opinion Quarterly, 51(3), 359375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marwell, G., & Oliver, P. (1993). The Critical Mass in Collective Action: A Micro-Social Theory. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mason, L. (2015). “I disrespectfully agree”: The differential effects of partisan sorting on social and issue polarization. American Journal of Political Science, 59(1), 128145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsumoto, D., Frank, M. G., & Hwang, H. C. (2015). The role of intergroup emotions in political violence. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24(5), 369373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsumoto, D., Hwang, H. S., & Frank, M. G. (2012). The role of emotion in predicting violence. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 81, 111.Google Scholar
McAdam, D. (1982). Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency, 1930–1970. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
McAdam, D. (1986). Recruitment to high-risk activism: The case of freedom summer. American Journal of Sociology, 92, 6490.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McAdam, D. (1988). Freedom Summer. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
McAdam, D., & Boudet, H. S. (2012). Putting Social Movements in Their Place. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McAdam, D., McCarthy, J. D., Zald, M. N., & Mayer, N. Z. (1996). Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McAdam, D., & Paulsen, R. (1993). Specifying the relationship between social ties and activism. American Journal of Sociology, 99(3), 640667.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McAdam, D., & Tarrow, S. (2010). Ballots and barricades: On the reciprocal relationship between elections and social movements. Perspectives on Politics, 8(2), 529542.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McAdam, D., Tarrow, S., & Tilly, C. (2001). Dynamics of Contention. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, J. D., Rafail, P., & Gromis, A. (2013). Recent trends in public protest in the United States: The social movement society thesis revisited. In Van Stekelenburg, J., Roggeband, C., & Klandermans, B. (eds.), The Future of Social Movement Research: Dynamics, Mechanisms, and Processes (pp. 369396). University of Minnesota Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, J. D., & Wolfson, M. (1996). Resource mobilization by local social movement organizations: Agency, strategy, and organization in the movement against drinking and driving. American Sociological Review, 61(6), 10701088.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, J. D., & Zald, M. N. (1977). Resource mobilization and social movements: A partial theory. American Journal of Sociology, 82, 12121241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCauley, C., & Moskalenko, S. (2008). Mechanisms of political radicalization: Pathways toward terrorism. Terrorism and Political Violence, 20(3), 415433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCauley, C., & Moskalenko, S. (2017). Understanding political radicalization: The two-pyramids model. American Psychologist, 72(3), 205.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McClurg, S. D. (2003). Social networks and political participation: The role of social interaction in explaining political participation. Political Research Quarterly, 56, 448464.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCoy, J., Rahman, T., & Somer, M. (2018). Polarization and the global crisis of democracy: Common patterns, dynamics, and pernicious consequences for democratic polities. American Behavioral Scientist, 62(1), 1642.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCoy, S. K., & Major, B. (2003). Group identification moderates emotional responses to perceived prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(8), 10051017.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McGarty, C., Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., David, B., & Wetherell, M. S. (1992). Group polarization as conformity to the prototypical group member. British Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McPhail, C. (1971). Civil disorder participation: A critical examination of recent research. American Sociological Review, 36(6), 10581073.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McVeigh, R., & Smith, C. (1999). Who protests in America: An analysis of three political alternatives: Inaction, institutionalized politics, or protest. Sociological Forum, 14(4), 685702.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melucci, A. (1980). The new social movements: A theoretical approach. Social Science Information, 19(2), 199226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melucci, A. (1985). The symbolic challenge of contemporary movements. Social Research, 52(4), 789816.Google Scholar
Melucci, A. (1989). Nomads of the present: Social movements and individual needs in contemporary society. In Keane, J. & Mier, P. (eds.), Contemporary Society (pp. 212241). Hutchinson Radius.Google Scholar
Merton, R. K. (1938). Social structure and anomie. American Sociological Review, 3(5), 672682.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, D. S., & Staggenborg, S. (1996). Movements, countermovements, and the structure of political opportunity. American Journal of Sociology, 101(6), 16281660.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, D. S., & Tarrow, S. (1998). The Social Movement Society: Contentious Politics for a New Century. Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Miller, W. E., Miller, A. H., & Schneider, E. J. (1980). American National Election Studies Data Sourcebook, 1952–1978. Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Minkoff, D. (2013). Discussion: The changing supply side of mobilization: Impressions on a theme. In Van Stekelenburg, J., Roggeband, C. M., & Klandermans, B. (eds.), The Future of Social Movement Research: Dynamics, Mechanisms, and Processes (pp. 191202). University of Minnesota Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moghaddam, F. M. (2005). The staircase to terrorism: A psychological explanation. American Psychologist, 60, 161169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moghaddam, F. M. (2008). How Globalization Spurs Terrorism: The Lopsided Benefits of One World and Why That Fuels Violence. Praeger Security International.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morales, L. (2009). Joining Political Organisations: Institutions, Mobilisation and Participation in Western Democracies. ECPR press.Google Scholar
Morris, A. D. (1992). Political consciousness and collective action. In Morris, A. D. & McClurgMueller, C. (eds.), Frontiers in Social Movement Theory (pp. 351373). Vail-Ballou Press.Google Scholar
Mummendey, A., Kessler, T., Klink, A., & Mielke, R. (1999). Strategies to cope with negative social identity: Predictions by social identity theory and relative deprivation theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(2), 229245.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 242266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nascimento, J. S., Klandermans, B., & de Theije, M. (2021). Recruitment and disengagement: Two sides of the same coin or different phenomena? SN Social Sciences, 1(6), 131.Google Scholar
Neidhardt, F. (1985). Einige Ideen zu einer allgemeinen Theorie sozialer Bewegungen. In Hradil, S. (ed.), Sozialstruktur im Umbruch (pp. 193204). Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neidhardt, F., & Rucht, D. (1993). Auf dem Weg in die “Bewegungsgesellschaft”? Über die Stabilisierbarkeit sozialer Bewegungen. Soziale Welt, 44(3), 305326.Google Scholar
Nepstad, S. E., & Smith, C. (1999). Rethinking recruitment to high-risk/cost activism: The case of the Nicaragua exchange. Mobilization: An International Journal, 4(1), 2540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nerb, J., & Spada, H. (2001). Evaluation of environmental problems: A coherence model of cognition and emotion. Cognition & Emotion, 15(4), 521551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norris, P. (2003). Democratic Phoenix. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Norris, P. (2011). Democratic Deficit: Critical Citizens Revisited. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nosek, B. A., Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (2005). Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: II. Method variables and construct validity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(2), 166180.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oberschall, A. (1973). Social Conflict and Social Movements. Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Oegema, D., & Klandermans, B. (1994). Why social movement sympathizers don’t participate: Erosion and nonconversion of support. American Sociological Review, 59(5), 703722.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohlemacher, T. (1996). Bridging people and protest: Social relays of protest groups against low-flying military jets in West Germany. Social Problems, 43(2), 197218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oishi, S., Kesebir, S., & Snyder, B. H. (2009). Sociology: A lost connection in social psychology. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 13(4), 334353.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oliver, P. (1980). Rewards and punishments as selective incentives for collective action. Theoretical investigations. American Journal of Sociology, 85(6), 13561375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oliver, P. (1984). Rewards and punishments as selective incentives: An apex game. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 28(1), 123148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oliver, P. (2013). Collective action (collective behavior). In Snow, D., Della Porta, D., Klandermans, B., & McAdam, D. (eds.), The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social and Political Movements. Blackwell.Google Scholar
Olson, M. (1965). The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Group. Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olsson, S. A. (2014). Corruption and Political Participation: A Multilevel Analysis (1653–8919). QoG Working Paper Series, Issue.Google Scholar
Opp, K. D. (1988). Grievances and social movement participation. American Sociological Review, 53(6), 853864.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Opp, K. D. (1992). Micro-macro transitions in rational choice explanations. Analyse & Kritik, 14, 143151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Opp, K. D., & Hartmann, P. (1989). The Rationality of Political Protest: A Comparative Analysis of Rational Choice Theory. Westview Press.Google Scholar
Oppenheim, A. (1992). Questionnaire Design, Interviewing and Attitude Measurement. Pinter.Google Scholar
Orfali, B. (1990). L’adhésion au Front national, de la minorité active au mouvement social. Kimé.Google Scholar
Oser, J., Hooghe, M., & Marien, S. (2013). Is online participation distinct from offline participation? A latent class analysis of participation types and their stratification. Political Research Quarterly, 66(1), 91101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Otjes, S., Stroebe, K., & Postmes, T. (2020). When voting becomes protest: Mapping determinants of collective action onto voting behavior. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 11(4), 513521.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Passy, F. (2001). Socialization, connection, and the structure/agency gap: A specification of the impact of networks on participation in social movements. Mobilization: An International Journal, 6(2), 173192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Passy, F. (2003). Social networks matter. But how? In Diani, M. & McAdam, D. (eds.), Social Movements and Networks. Relational Approaches to Collective Action (pp. 2149). Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Passy, F., & Giugni, M. (2000). Life-spheres, networks, and sustained participation in social movements: A phenomenological approach to political commitment. Sociological Forum, 15(1), 117144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paxton, P. (1999). Is social capital declining in the United States? A multiple indicator assessment. American Journal of Sociology, 105(1), 88127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paxton, P. (2002). Social capital and democracy: An interdependent relationship. American Sociological Review, 67(2), 254277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pfaff, S. (1996). Collective identity and informal groups in revolutionary mobilization: East Germany in 1989. Social Forces, 75(1), 91117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pichardo, N. A., Almanzar, H. S.-C., & Deane, G. (1998). Is the political personal. Everyday behaviors as environmental movement participation. Mobilization: An International Journal, 3(2), 185205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piotrowski, G. (2015). What are Eastern European social movements and how to study them? Intersections. East European Journal of Society and Politics, 1(3), 415.Google Scholar
Piven, F. F., & Cloward, R. A. (1977). Poor People’s Movements: Why They Succeed, How They Fail. Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Plummer, K. (2000). Symbolic interactionism in the twentieth century. In Turner, B. S. (ed.), The Blackwell Companion to Social Theory (pp. 193222). Blackwell.Google Scholar
Polletta, F. (1999). “Free spaces” in collective action. Theory and Society, 28(1), 138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polletta, F. (2009). Grievances and identities. Conference on Advancements in Social Movement Theories, Amsterdam, September, 30–October, 2.Google Scholar
Polletta, F., & Jasper, J. M. (2001). Collective identity and social movements. Annual Review of Sociology, 27(1), 283305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poole, K. T., & Rosenthal, H. (2001). D-nominate after 10 years: A comparative update to congress: A political-economic history of roll-call voting. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 26(1), 529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Postmes, T., Haslam, S. A., & Swaab, R. I. (2005). Social identity in small groups: An interactive model of social identity formation. European Review of Social Psychology, 16, 142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Postmes, T., Spears, R., Lee, A. T., & Novak, R. J. (2005). Individuality and social influence in groups: Inductive and deductive routes to group identity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(5), 747.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pratto, F. (1999). The puzzle of continuing group inequality: Piecing together psychological, social, and cultural forces in social dominance theory. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 31, 191263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pratto, F., Cidam, A., Stewart, A. L., Bou Zeineddine, F., Aranda, M., Aiello, M., Chryssocchoou, X., Cichocka, A., Cohrs, C., Durrheim, K., Eicher, V., Foels, R., Górska, P., Lee, I.-C., Licata, L., Liu, J. H., Li, L., Meyer, I., Morselli, D., … Henkel, K. E. (2013). Social dominance in context and in individuals: Contextual moderation of robust effects of social dominance orientation in 15 languages and 20 countries. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 5(4), 587599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prins, J., Polletta, F., Van Stekelenburg, J., & Klandermans, B. (2015). Exploring variation in the Moroccan‐Dutch collective narrative: An intersectional approach. Political Psychology, 36(2), 165180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pudal, B. (1988). Les dirigeants communistes. Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales, 71(1), 4670.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Putnam, R. D. (1993). Making Democracy Work. Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
Raafat, R. M., Chater, N., & Frith, C. (2009). Herding in humans. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(10), 420428.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ragnarsdóttir, B. H., Bernburg, J. G., & Ólafsdóttir, S. (2013). The global financial crisis and individual distress: The role of subjective comparisons after the collapse of the Icelandic economy. Sociology, 47(4), 755775.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rahn, W. M. (2004). Feeling, thinking, being, doing: Public mood, American national identity, and civic participation. Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago.Google Scholar
Rankin, C. H., Abrams, T., Barry, R. J., Bhatnagar, S., Clayton, D. F., Colombo, J., Coppola, G., Geyer, M. A., Glanzman, D. L., & Marsland, S. (2009). Habituation revisited: An updated and revised description of the behavioral characteristics of habituation. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 92(2), 135138.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reicher, S. (1984). The St. Paul’s riot: An explanation of the limits of crowd action in terms of a social identity model. European Journal of Social Psychology, 14, 121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reicher, S. (1996a). ‘The Battle of Westminster’: Developing the social identity model of crowd behaviour in order to explain the initiation and development of collective conflict. European Journal of Social Psychology, 26, 115134.3.0.CO;2-Z>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reicher, S. (1996b). Social identity and social change: Rethinking the contexts of social psychology. In Robinson, P. W. (ed.), Social Groups and Identities: Developing the Legacy of Henri Tajfel (pp. 317336). Butterworth Heinemann.Google Scholar
Rettig, H. (2006). The Lifelong Activist: How to Change the World without Losing Your Way. Lantern Books.Google Scholar
Robnett, B. (2004). Emotional resonance, social location, and strategic framing. Sociological Focus, 37(3), 195212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rochon, T. R. (1998). Culture Moves: Ideas, Activism, and Changing Values. Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roggeband, C. M., & Duyvendak, J. W. (2013). The changing supply side of mobilization: Questions for discussion. In van Stekelenburg, J., Roggeband, C. M., & Klandermans, B. (eds.), The Changing Dynamics of Contention. University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Rogin, M. (1967). McCarthy and the Intellectuals: The Radical Specter. MIT Press.Google Scholar
Rokeach, M. (1973). The Nature of Human Values. Free Press.Google Scholar
Roseman, I. J., Antoniou, A. A., & Jose, P. E. (1996). Appraisal determinants of emotions: Constructing a more accurate and comprehensive theory. Cognition and Emotion, 10(3), 241278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roth, R. (2003). Bürgernetzwerke gegen Rechts: Evaluierung von Aktionsprogrammen und Maßnahmen gegen Rechtsextremismus und Fremdenfeindlichkeit [Citizen network against the Right: Evaluation of action programs and measures against Right-extremism and xenophobia]. Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.Google Scholar
Rothstein, B. (2013). Corruption and social trust: Why the fish rots from the head down. Social Research, 80(4), 10091032.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rucht, D. (2004). Movement allies, adversaries, and third parties. In Snow, D., Soule, S., & Kriesi, H. (eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements (pp. 197216). Blackwell.Google Scholar
Rüdig, W., & Karyotis, G. (2013). Beyond the usual suspects? New participants in anti-austerity protests in Greece. Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 18(3), 313330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Runciman, W. G. (1966). Relative Deprivation and Social Justice. Routledge.Google Scholar
Rupp, L., & Taylor, V. (1987). Survival in the Doldrums: The American Women’s Rights Movement, 1945 to the 1960s. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Sabucedo, J.-M., Gómez-Román, C., Alzate, M., Van Stekelenburg, J., & Klandermans, B. (2017). Comparing protests and demonstrators in times of austerity: Regular and occasional protesters in universalistic and particularistic mobilisations. Social Movement Studies, 16(6), 117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saideman, S. M., Ayres, R. W., & Saideman, S. (2008). For Kin or Country. Columbia University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sánchez-Cuenca, I., & Aguilar, P. (2009). Terrorist violence and popular mobilization: The case of the Spanish transition to democracy. Politics & Society, 37(3), 428453.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandell, R. (1999). Organizational life aboard the moving bandwagons: A network analysis of dropouts from a Swedish temperance organization, 1896–1937. Acta Sociologica, 42(1), 315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sani, F., & Reicher, S. (1998). When consensus fails: An analysis of the schism within the Italian Communist Party (1991). European Journal of Social Psychology, 28, 623645.3.0.CO;2-G>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santos Nascimento, J. (2017). Sustained Activism in the Land Reform Movement of Brasil. Dissertation, Vrije Universiteit.Google Scholar
Sassen, S. (2016). The global city: Strategic site, new frontier. In Keiner, M., Koll-Schretzenmayr, M., & Schmid, W. (eds.), Managing Urban Futures: Sustainability and Urban Growth in Developing Countries (pp. 89104). Routledge.Google Scholar
Saunders, C. (2014). Anti-politics in action? Measurement dilemmas in the study of unconventional political participation. Political Research Quarterly, 67(3), 574588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saunders, C., Grasso, M., Olcese, C., Rainsford, E., & Rootes, C. (2012). Explaining differential protest participation: Novices, returners, repeaters, and stalwarts. Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 17(3), 263280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saunders, C., & Klandermans, B. (2019). When Citizens Talk about Politics. Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schrager, L. S. (1985). Private attitudes and collective action. Comment on Klandermans, ASR. 1984. American Sociological Review, 50, 858859.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schrock, D., Holden, D., & Reid, L. (2004). Creating emotional resonance: Interpersonal emotion work and motivational framing in a transgender community. Social Problems, 51, 6181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schruijer, S. G. (2012). Whatever happened to the “European” in European social psychology? A study of the ambitions in founding the European Association of Experimental Social Psychology. History of the Human Sciences, 25(3), 88107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schudson, M. (2006). The varieties of civic experience. Citizenship Studies, 10(5), 591606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schussman, A., & Soule, S. A. (2005). Process and protest: Accounting for individual protest participation. Social Forces, 84(2), 10831108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, S. (2006). A theory of cultural value orientations: Explication and applications. Comparative Sociology, 5(2–3), 137182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schyns, P., & Nuus, M. (2007). Political cynicism and social cohesion in Europe and the United States. In Adam, F. (ed.), Social Capital and Governance: Old and New Members of the EU in Comparison (pp. 91103). LIT.Google Scholar
Searles, R., & Williams, J. A. (1962). Negro college students’ participation in Sitins. Social Forces, 40, 215220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sears, A., & Cairns, J. (2015). A Good Book, in Theory: Making Sense through Inquiry. University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Sears, D. O. (1986). College sophomores in the laboratory: Influences of a narrow data base on social psychology’s view of human nature. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(3), 515.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sears, D. O., & Funk, C. (1991). The role of self-interest in social and political attitudes. In Zanna, M. P. (ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 24, pp. 191). Academic Press.Google Scholar
Shepherd, L., Spears, R., & Manstead, A. S. (2013). “This will bring shame on our nation”: The role of anticipated group-based emotions on collective action. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49(1), 4257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shuman, E. (2022). Generating Constructive Disruption: How Disadvantaged Groups Can Negotiate Social Change in the Face of Resistance from the Advantaged. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Groningen.Google Scholar
Sidanius, J., & Pratto, F. (2001). Social Dominance: An Intergroup Theory of Social Hierarchy and Oppression. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Simmel, G. (1955). Conflict and the Web of Group Affiliations. Free Press.Google Scholar
Simon, B. (2004). Identity in Modern Society. A Social Psychological Perspective. Blackwell.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simon, B. (2011). Collective identity and political engagement. In Azzi, A., Chryssocchoou, X., Klandermans, B., & Simon, B. (eds.), Identity and Participation in Culturally Diverse Societies (pp. 137157). Blackwell Wiley.Google Scholar
Simon, B. (2020). A new perspective on intergroup conflict: The social psychology of politicized struggles for recognition. Theory & Psychology, 30(2), 147163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simon, B., & Grabow, O. (2010). The politicization of migrants: Further evidence that politicized collective identity is a dual identity. Political Psychology, 31(5), 717738.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simon, B., & Klandermans, B. (2001). Towards a social psychological analysis of politicized collective identity: Conceptualization, antecedents, and consequences. American Psychologist, 56(4), 319331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simon, B., Loewy, M., Sturmer, S., Weber, U., Freytag, P., Habig, C., Kampmeier, C., & Spahlinger, P. (1998). Collective identification and social movement participation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(3), 646658.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simon, B., & Ruhs, D. (2008). Identity and politicization among Turkish migrants in Germany: The role of dual identification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(6), 13541366.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simon, B., & Sturmer, S. (2003). Respect for group members: Intragroup determinants of collective identification and group-serving behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(2), 183193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simon, B., Trötschel, R., & Dähne, D. (2008). Identity affirmation and social movement support. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38(6), 935946.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smelser, N. J. (1963). Theory of Collective Behavior. Quid Pro Books.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, E. R. (1993). Social identity and social emotions: Toward new conceptualizations of prejudice. In Hamilton, D. M. M. D. L. (ed.), Affect, Cognition, and Stereotyping: Interactive Processes in Group Perception (pp. 297315). Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, E. R. (1999). Affective and cognitive implications of a group becoming part of the self: New models of prejudice and of the self-concept. In Hogg, M. A. & Abrams, D. (eds.), Social Identity and Social Cognition (pp. 183196). Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Smith, E. R., & DeCoster, J. (2000). Dual-process models in social and cognitive psychology: Conceptual integration and links to underlying memory systems. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4(2), 108131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, H. J., Cronin, T., & Kessler, T. (2008). Anger, fear, or sadness: Faculty members’ emotional reactions to collective pay disadvantage. Political Psychology, 29(2), 221246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, H. J., & Kessler, T. (2004). Group-based emotions and intergroup behavior: The case of relative deprivation. In Tiedens, L. Z. & Leach, C. W. (eds.), The Social Life of Emotions (pp. 292313). Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, H. J., & Ortiz, D. (2002). Is it just me? The different consequences of personal and group relative deprivation. In Walker, I. & Smith, H. J. (eds.), Relative Deprivation (pp. 91118). Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sniderman, P. M., & Hagendoorn, L. (2007). When Ways of Life Collide. Multiculturalism and Its Discontents in the Netherlands. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Snow, D. (2004). Framing processes, ideology and discursive fields. In Snow, D., Soule, S., & Kriesi, H. (eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements (pp. 380412). Blackwell.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snow, D., & Benford, R. (1988). Ideology, frame resonance, and participant mobilization. International Social Movement Research, 1, 197217.Google Scholar
Snow, D., & Benford, R. (2000). Mobilization forum: Comment on Oliver and JohnstonMobilization: An International Quarterly5(1), 5560.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snow, D., Rochford, B., Worden, S., & Benford, R. (1986). Frame alignment processes, micromobilization, and movement participation. American Sociological Review, 51, 464481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snow, D. A., & Moss, D. M. (2014). Protest on the fly: Toward a theory of spontaneity in the dynamics of protest and social movements. American Sociological Review, 79(6), 11221143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snow, D. A., & Phillips, C. L. (1980). The Lofland-Stark conversion model: A critical reassessment. Social Problems, 27(4), 430447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stangor, C., & Ruble, D. N. (1989). Strength of expectancies and memory for social information: What we remember depends on how much we know. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 1835.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steinberg, M. W. (1999). The talk and back talk of collective action: A dialogic analysis of repertories of discourse among nineteenth-century English cotton spinners. American Journal of Sociology, 105, 736780.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stets, J. E., & Serpe, R. T. (2019). Identities in Everyday Life. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stewart, A. L., Pratto, F., Bou Zeineddine, F., Sweetman, J., Eicher, V., Licata, L., Morselli, D., Saab, R., Aiello, A., & Chryssochoou, X. (2016). International support for the Arab uprisings: Understanding sympathetic collective action using theories of social dominance and social identity. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 19(1), 626.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stryker, S., Owens, T. J., & White, R. W. (eds.). (2000). Self, Identity, and Social Movements (Vol. 13). Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Stuart, A., Thomas, E. F., Donaghue, N., & Russell, A. (2013). “We may be pirates, but we are not protesters”: Identity in the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. Political Psychology, 34(5), 753777.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stürmer, S., & Simon, B. (2004a). Collective action: Towards a dual-pathway model. European Review of Social Psychology, 15(1), 5999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stürmer, S., & Simon, B. (2004b). The role of collective identification in social movement participation: A panel study in the context of the German gay movement. Personality and Social Psychological Bulletin, 30(3), 263277.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stürmer, S., & Simon, B. (2009). Pathways to collective protest: Calculation, identification, or emotion? A critical analysis of the role of group-based anger in social movement participation. Journal of Social Issues, 65(4), 681705.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stürmer, S., Simon, B., Loewy, M., & Jörger, H. (2003). The dual-pathway model of social movement participation: The case of the fat acceptance movement. Social Psychology Quarterly, 66(1), 7182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Subasiç, E., Reynolds, K. J., & Turner, J. C. (2008). The political solidarity model of social change: Dynamics of self-categorization in intergroup power relations. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 12(4), 330352.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Swaab, R. I., Postmes, T., & Spears, R. (2008). Identity formation in multiparty negotiations. British Journal of Social Psychology, 47(1), 167187.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Szczecińska-Musielak, E. (2016). Social conflict theory in studying the conflict in Northern Ireland. Polish Sociological Review, 193(1), 119136.Google Scholar
Taber, C. S. (2003). Information processing and public opinion. In Sears, D. O., Huddy, L., & Jervis, R. (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology (pp. 433476). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tajfel, H. (1978). Social categorization, social identity and social comparison. In Tajfel, H. (ed.), Differentiation between Social Groups: Studies in the Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations (pp. 6176). Academic Press.Google Scholar
Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). Social categorization and intergroup behaviourEuropean Journal of Social Psychology1(2), 149178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In Worchel, S. & Austin, W. G. (eds.), The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations (pp. 3347). Nelson-Hall Publishers.Google Scholar
Tarde, G. (1969). The public and the crowd. In Clark, T. (ed.), Communication and Social Influence (pp. 277294). University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Tarrow, S. (1989). Struggle, Politics, and Reform: Collective Action, Social Movements and Cycles of Protest. Center for International Studies, Cornell University.Google Scholar
Tarrow, S. (1993). Social protest and policy reform: May 1968 and the Loi d’orientation in France. Comparative Political Studies, 25(4), 579607.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tarrow, S. (1995). Cycles of collective action: Between moments of madness and the repertoire of contention. Social Science History17(2), 281307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tarrow, S. (1998). Power in Movement: Social Movements, Collective Action, and Politics. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tarrow, S. (2011). Power in Movement: Social Movements and Contentious Politics. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tarrow, S. (2021). Movements and Parties: Critical Connections in American Political Development. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tausch, N., & Becker, J. (2013). Emotional reactions to success and failure of collective action as predictors of future action intentions: A longitudinal investigation in the context of student protests in Germany. British Journal of Social Psychology, 52(3), 525542.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tausch, N., Becker, J., Spears, R., & Christ, O. (2008). Emotion and efficacy pathways to normative and non-normative collective action: A study in the context of student protests in Germany. Intra- and Intergroup processes’ pre-conference to the 15th General Meeting of the EAESP (Invited paper), Opatija, Croatia.Google Scholar
Taylor, D. M., & Brown, R. J. (1979). Towards a more social social psychology? British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 18(2), 173180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, V. (1989). Social movement continuity: The women’s movement in abeyance. American Sociological Review, 54(5), 761775.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, V. (2009). The changing demand side of contention: From structure to meaning. Conference on Advancements in Social Movement Theories, Amsterdam, September 30–October 2.Google Scholar
Taylor, V. (2013). Social movement participation in the Global Society: Identity, networks and emotions. In Van Stekelenburg, J., Roggeband, C. M., & Klandermans, B. (eds.), The Future of Social Movement Research: Dynamics, Mechanisms and Processes (pp. 3758). University of Minnesota Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, V., & Rupp, L. (2002). Loving internationalism: The emotion culture of transnational women’s organizations, 1888–1945. Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 7(2), 141158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, V., & Whittier, N. E. (1992). Collective identity in social movement communities: Lesbian feminist mobilization. In Morris, A. & Mueller, C. (eds.), Frontiers of Social Movement Theory (pp. 104129). Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Taylor, V., & Whittier, N. E. (1995). Analytical approaches to social movement culture: The culture of the women’s movement in social movements and culture. In Johnston, H. & Klandermans, B. (eds.), Social Movements and Culture. (pp. 163187). University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Teorell, J., Torcal, M., & Montero, J. R. (2007). Political participation: Mapping the terrain. In van Deth, J. W., Montero, J. R., & Westholm, A. (eds.), Citizenship and Involvement in European Democracies: A Comparative Analysis (pp. 358381). Routledge.Google Scholar
Teske, N. (1997). Political Activists in America: The Identity Construction Model of Political Participation. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Thomas, E. F., McGarty, C., & Louis, W. (2014). Social interaction and psychological pathways to political engagement and extremism. European Journal of Social Psychology, 44(1), 1522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, W. I., & Thomas, D. (1928). The Child in America: Behavior Problems and Programs. Knopf.Google Scholar
Thommes, K., Akkerman, A., Torenvlied, R., & Born, M. (2014). The dark side of solidarity: Social norms and social relations in the aftermath of strikes. Industrial Relations Journal, 45(4), 348367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tilly, C. (1978). From Mobilisation to Revolution. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Tilly, C. (1986). The Contentious French. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tilly, C. (2000). Spaces of contention. Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 5(2), 135159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tilly, C., & Goodin, R. E. (2006). It depends. In Goodin, R. & Tilly, C. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Contextual Political Analysis (pp. 332). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tristan, A. (1987). Au front. Gallimard.Google Scholar
Tropp, L. R., & Wright, S. C. (1999). Ingroup identification and relative deprivation: An examination across multiple social comparisons. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29(5–6), 707724.3.0.CO;2-Y>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tunnell, G. B. (1977). Three dimensions of naturalness: An expanded definition of field research. Psychological Bulletin, 84(3), 426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, F. (2016). A New Psychological Perspective on Identity Content: Its Conceptualization, Measurement, and Application. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Groningen.Google Scholar
Turner, J. C. (1999). Some current themes in research on social identity and self-categorization theories. In Ellemers, N., Spears, R., & Doosje, B. (eds.), Social Identity: Context, Commitment, Content (pp. 634). Blackwell.Google Scholar
Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S., & Wetherell, M. S. (1987). Rediscovering the Social Group: A Self-categorization Theory. Blackwell.Google Scholar
Turner, J. C., & Oakes, P. J. (1986). The significance of the social identity concept for social psychology with reference to individualism, interactionism and social influence. British Journal of Social Psychology, 25(3), 237252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, R. H., & Killian, L. M. (1987). Collective Behavior (3rd ed.). Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Turner-Zwinkels, F., Van Zomeren, M., & Postmes, T. (2015). Politicization during the 2012 US presidential elections: Bridging the personal and the political through an identity content approach. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41(3), 433445.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turner‐Zwinkels, F. M., van Zomeren, M., & Postmes, T. (2017). The moral dimension of politicized identity: Exploring identity content during the 2012 Presidential Elections in the USA. British Journal of Social Psychology, 56(2), 416436.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turrettini, U. (2015). The Mystery of the Lone Wolf Killer: Anders Behring Breivik and the Threat of Terror in Plain Sight. Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar
Tyler, T. R., & Lind, E. A. (1992). A relational model of authority in groups. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 115191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tyler, T. R., & Smith, H. J. (1998). Social justice and social movements. In Gilbert, D, Fiske, S. T., & Lindzey, G. (eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology (pp. 595629). McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Uba, K. (2016). Protest against school closures in Sweden. In Bosi, L., Giugni, M., & Uba, K. (eds.), The Consequences of Social Movements (pp. 159184). Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Uslaner, E. M. (2002). The moral foundations of trust. Prepared for the Symposium, “Trust in the Knowledge Society,” University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskala, Finland, September 20, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uslaner, E. M., & Brown, M. (2005). Inequality, trust, and civic engagement. American Politics Research, 33(6), 868894.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valenzuela, S. (2013). Unpacking the use of social media for protest behavior: The roles of information, opinion expression, and activism. American Behavioral Scientist, 57(7), 920942.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van der Meer, T. W. G., & Van Ingen, E. J. (2009). Schools of democracy? Disentangling the relationship between civic participation and political action in 17 European countries. European Journal of Political Research, 48(2), 281308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van der Waal, J., & Burgers, J. (2009). Unravelling the global city debate on social inequality: A firm level analysis of wage inequality in Amsterdam and Rotterdam. Urban Studies, 46(13), 27152729.Google Scholar
Van Deth, J. W. (2014). A conceptual map of political participation. Acta Politica, 49(3), 349367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Deth, J. W. (2016). What is political participation? In Thompson, W. (ed.), Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Van Deth, J. W., & Elff, M. (2004). Politicisation, economic development and political interest in Europe. European Journal of Political Research, 43(3), 477508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Deth, J. W., Montero, J. R., & Westholm, A. (eds.) (2007). Citizenship and Involvement in European Democracies. A Comparative Analysis. Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Doorn, M., Prins, J., & Welschen, S. (2013). Protest against whom?”: The role of collective meaning making in politicization. In Van Stekelenburg, J., Roggeband, C. M., & Klandermans, B. (eds.), The Future of Social Movement Research: Dynamics, Mechanisms, and Processes. (pp. 5978). University of Minnesota Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Dyke, N. (2003). Crossing movement boundaries: Factors that facilitate coalition protest by American college students, 1930–1990. Social Problems, 50(2), 226250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Leeuwen, A., Van Stekelenburg, J., & Klandermans, B. (2016). The phenomenology of protest atmosphere: A demonstrator perspective. European Journal of Social Psychology, 46(1), 4462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Stekelenburg, J. (2006). Promoting or Preventing Social Change: Instrumentality, Identity, Ideology, and Group-Based Anger as Motives of Protest Participation. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Van Stekelenburg, J. (2013a). Collective identity. In Snow, D., Della Porta, D., Klandermans, B., & McAdam, D. (eds.), The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social and Political Movements (pp. 219226). Blackwell.Google Scholar
Van Stekelenburg, J. (2013b). Moral incentives. In Snow, D., Della Porta, D., Klandermans, B., & McAdam, D. (eds.), The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social and Political Movements (pp. 770771). Blackwell.Google Scholar
Van Stekelenburg, J. (2014). Going all the way: Politicizing, polarizing, and radicalizing identity offline and online. Sociology Compass, 8(5), 540555.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Stekelenburg, J. (2017a). Protest voorspellen is zo eenvoudig nog niet (The problems of predicting protest). Inaugural lecture (delivered 16 June 2017).Google Scholar
Van Stekelenburg, J. (2017b). Radicalization and violent emotions. PS: Political Science & Politics, 50(4), 936939.Google Scholar
Van Stekelenburg, J. (2018). Trust as Antidote to Societal Polarization. International Society of Political Psychology.Google Scholar
Van Stekelenburg, J., Anikina, N., Pouw, W., Petrovic, I., & Nederlof, N. (2013). From correlation to causation: The cruciality of a collectivity in the context of collective action. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 1(1), 161287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Stekelenburg, J., & Boekkooi, M. (2013). Mobilizing for change in a changing society. In Van Stekelenburg, J., Roggeband, C. M., & Klandermans, B. (eds.), The Future of Social Movement Research: Dynamics, Mechanisms, and Processes (pp. 217234). University of Minnesota Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Stekelenburg, J., & Gaidytė, T. (2021). Occupying against inequality. In Pettinicchio, D. (ed), The Politics of Inequality (pp. 177194). Emerald Publishing Limited.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Stekelenburg, J., & Klandermans, B. (2010a). Radicalization. In Azzi, A., Chryssochoou, X., Klandermans, B., & Simon, B. (eds.), Identity and Participation in Culturally Diverse Societies (pp. 181194). Wiley-Blackwell.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Stekelenburg, J., & Klandermans, B. (2010b). The social psychology of protest. Sociopedia.isa (online).Google Scholar
Van Stekelenburg, J., & Klandermans, B. (2013). The social psychology of protest. Current Sociology, 61(5–6), 886905.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Stekelenburg, J., & Klandermans, B. (2014). Fitting demand and supply: How identification brings appeals and motives together. Social Movement Studies, 13(2), 179203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Stekelenburg, J., & Klandermans, B. (2017a). Individuals in movements: A social psychology of contention. In Roggeband, C. M. & Klandermans, B. (eds.), The Handbook of Social Movements Across Disciplines (pp. 157204). Springer.Google Scholar
Van Stekelenburg, J., & Klandermans, B. (2017b). Protesting youth. Collective and connective action participation compared. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 225, 336346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Stekelenburg, J., & Klandermans, B. (2018). In politics we trust … or not? Trusting and distrusting demonstrators compared. Political Psychology, 39(4), 775792.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Stekelenburg, J., Klandermans, B., & Akkerman, A. (2016). Does civic participation stimulate political activity? Journal of Social Issues, 72(2), 286314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Stekelenburg, J., Klandermans, B., & Van Dijk, W. W. (2009). Context matters: Explaining how and why mobilizing context influences motivational dynamics. Journal of Social Issues, 65(4), 815838.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Stekelenburg, J., Klandermans, B., & Van Dijk, W. W. (2011). Combining motivations and emotion: The motivational dynamics of collective action participation. Revista de Psicologìa Social, 26(1), 91104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Stekelenburg, J., Oegema, D., & Klandermans, B. (2010). No radicalization without identification: How ethnic Dutch and Dutch Muslim web forums radicalize over time. In Azzi, A., Chryssochoou, X., Klandermans, B., & Simon, B. (eds.), Identity and Participation in Culturally Diverse Societies. A Multidisciplinary Perspective (pp. 256274). Blackwell Wiley.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Stekelenburg, J., Van Leeuwen, A., & Van Troost, D. (2013). Politicized identity. In Snow, D., Della Porta, D., Klandermans, B., & McAdam, D. (eds.), The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social and Political Movements (pp. 974977). Blackwell.Google Scholar
Van Stekelenburg, J., Walgrave, S., Klandermans, B., & Verhulst, J. (2012). Contextualizing contestation. Framework, design and data. Mobilization, 17(3), 249262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Troost, D., Van Stekelenburg, J., & Klandermans, B. (2013). Emotions of protest. In Demertzis, N. (ed.), Emotions in Politics: The Affect Dimension in Political Tension (pp. 186203). Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Van Zomeren, M. (2015). Collective action as relational interaction: A new relational hypothesis on how non-activists become activists. New Ideas in Psychology, 39, 111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Zomeren, M., Kutlaca, M., & Turner-Zwinkels, F. (2018). Integrating who “we” are with what “we” (will not) stand for: A further extension of the Social Identity Model of Collective Action. European Review of Social Psychology, 29(1), 122160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Zomeren, M., Postmes, T., & Spears, R. (2008). Toward an integrative Social Identity Model of Collective Action: A quantitative research synthesis of three socio-psychological perspectives. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 504535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Zomeren, M., Saguy, T., Mazzoni, D., & Cicognani, E. (2018). The curious, context-dependent case of anger: Explaining voting intentions in three different national elections. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 48(6), 329338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Zomeren, M., Spears, R., Fischer, A. H., & Leach, C. W. (2004). Put your money where your mouth is! Explaining collective action tendencies through group-based anger and group efficacy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(5), 649664.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Velasquez, A., & LaRose, R. (2015). Youth collective activism through social media: The role of collective efficacy. New Media & Society, 17(6), 899918.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verba, S., Schlozman, K. L., & Brady, H. E. (1995). Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics. Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verhulst, J. (2011). Mobilizing Issues and the Unity and Diversity of Protest Events. Antwerp University.Google Scholar
Vilas, X., & Sabucedo, J. M. (2012). Moral obligation: A forgotten dimension in the analysis of collective actionRevista de Psicología Social27(3), 369375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vliegenthart, R. (2007). Framing Immigration and Integration. Facts, Parliament, Media and Anti-Immigrant Party Support in the Netherlands. Vrije Universiteit.Google Scholar
Vráblíková, K. (2013). How context matters? Mobilization, political opportunity structures, and nonelectoral political participation in old and new democracies. Comparative Political Studies, 47(2), 203229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vráblíková, K. (2016). What Kind of Democracy?: Participation, Inclusiveness and Contestation. Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wahlström, M., Sommer, M., Kocyba, P., de Vydt, M., De Moor, J., Davies, S., Wouters, R., Wennerhag, M., Van Stekelenburg, J., & Uba, K. (2019). Protest for a future: Composition, mobilization and motives of the participants in Fridays For Future climate protests on 15 March, 2019 in 13 European cities. Digital research report: Protest for a future. Available at: keele.ac.uk.Google Scholar
Walgrave, S., & Klandermans, B. (2010). Open and closed mobilization patterns: The role of channels and ties. In Walgrave, S. & Rucht, D. (eds.), The World Says No to War (pp. 169192). University of Minnesota Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walgrave, S., & Manssens, J. (2000). The making of the white march: The mass media as a mobilizing alternative to movement organisations. Mobilization, 5(2), 217239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walgrave, S., & Rucht, D. (eds.) (2010). The World Says No to the War. Demonstrations against the War on Iraq. University of Minnesota Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walgrave, S., & Verhulst, J. (2009). Government stance and internal diversity of protest: A comparative study of protest against the war in Iraq in eight countries. Social Forces, 87(3), 13551387.Google Scholar
Walker, I., & Smith, H. J. (2002). Fifty years of relative deprivation research. In Walker, I. & Smith, H. (eds.), Relative Deprivation: Specification, Development, and Integration (pp. 19). Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wallace, R. A., & Wolf, A. (1999). Contemporary Sociological Theory: Expanding the Classical Tradition. Pearson College Division.Google Scholar
Walsh, E. J. (1981). Resource mobilization and citizen protest in communities around Three Mile Island. Social Problems, 29(1), 121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walsh, E. J., & Warland, R. H. (1983). Social movement involvement in the wake of a nuclear accident: activists and freeriders in the Three Mile Island area. American Sociological Review, 48(6), 764780.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wellman, B., & Gulia, M. (1999). Virtual communities as communities. In Smith, M. & Kollock, P. (eds.), Communities in Cyberspace (pp. 167194). Routledge.Google Scholar
Wellman, B., Haase, A. Q., Witte, J., & Hampton, K. (2001). Does the Internet increase, decrease, or supplement social capital?: Social networks, participation, and community commitment. American Behavioral Scientist, 45(3), 436455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Welzel, C., Inglehart, R. F., & Deutsch, F. (2004). Social capital, civil society, and collective action: What makes some publics more “civic” than others? WVS conference, Budapest, September 6–9.Google Scholar
Whittier, N. (2011). The politics of visibility: Coming out and individual and collective identity. In Goodwin, J., Kutz-Flamenbaum, R., Maney, G., & Rohlinger, D. (eds.), Making History: Movements, Strategy and Social Change. University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Whittier, N. E. (1997). Political generations, micro-cohorts, and the transformation of social movements. American Sociological Review, 62, 760778.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilkinson, P. (1986). Terrorism and the Liberal State. Macmillan.Google Scholar
Williams, R. H. (2004). The cultural contexts of collective action: Constraints, opportunities, and the symbolic life of social movements. In Snow, D. A., Soule, S. A., & Kriesi, H. (eds.) The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements (pp. 91115). Blackwell.Google Scholar
Wojcieszak, M. (2010). “Don’t talk to me”: Effects of ideologically homogeneous online groups and politically dissimilar offline ties on extremism. New Media & Society, 12(4), 637655.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolfowicz, M., Litmanovitz, Y., Weisburd, D., & Hasisi, B. (2020). A field-wide systematic review and meta-analysis of putative risk and protective factors for radicalization outcomes. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 36(3), 407447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wollebæk, D., & Selle, P. (2002). Does participation in voluntary associations contribute to social capital? The impact of intensity, scope, and type. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 31(1), 3261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
World Economic Forum. (2017). Global Risks 2016: A Global Risk Network Report.Google Scholar
Wright, S. C. (2001). Strategic collective action: Social psychology and social change. In Brown, R. & Gaertner, S. (eds.), Intergroup Processes: Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology (Vol. 4, pp. 409430). Blackwell.Google Scholar
Wright, S. C., Taylor, D. M., & Moghaddam, F. M. (1990a). The relationship of perceptions and emotions to behavior in the face of collective inequality. Social Justice Research, 4(3), 229250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, S. C., Taylor, D. M., & Moghaddam, F. M. (1990b). Responding to membership in a disadvantaged group: From acceptance to collective protest. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 9941003.Google Scholar
Wuthnow, R. (1998). Loose Connections. Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Wyer, R., & Srull, T. (1986). Human cognition in social context. Psychological Review, 93(2), 322342.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yzerbyt, V., Dumont, M., Wigboldus, D., & Gordijn, E. (2003). I feel for us: The impact of categorization and identification on emotions and action tendencies. British Journal of Social Psychology, 42(4), 533549.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhao, D. (1998). Ecologies of social movements: Student mobilization during the 1989 predemocracy movement in Beijing. American Journal of Sociology, 103, 14931529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×