Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T19:13:50.408Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 26 - Miscarriages, Spontaneous Abortions, Stillbirths, and Sex

from Section 2 - Specific Issues

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 November 2022

Dan Farine
Affiliation:
Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto
Pablo Tobías González
Affiliation:
Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina de Parla, Madrid
Get access

Summary

Loss of a pregnancy is undoubtedly an awful outcome that pregnant women dread. The question of whether sexual intercourse can cause pregnancy loss is a controversial and poorly studied topic. As recently as 40 years ago, sexual intercourse was listed in textbooks as a risk factor and precipitant for pregnancy loss. Most studies on this topic have a problematic methodology; in addition, many have selection biases and comprise a small number of subjects. In this chapter we review whether sex can result in miscarriage or stillbirth and whether women should refrain from having sex in order to prevent a pregnancy loss; when sexual intercourse can be resumed after a miscarriage; whether sex should be postponed after a miscarriage; and whether patients with a previous miscarriage should avoid sex in the current pregnancy.

Type
Chapter
Information
Sex and Pregnancy
From Evidence-Based Medicine to Dr Google
, pp. 195 - 204
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Smith, G. C., Pell, J. P.. Parachute use to prevent death and major trauma related to gravitational challenge: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2003;327:1459–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Langer, O., Hod, M.. Management of gestational diabetes mellitus. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 1996;23:137–59.Google Scholar
Moscrop, A.. Can sex during pregnancy cause a miscarriage? A concise history of not knowing. Br J Gen Pract 2012;62:e308–10.Google Scholar
Klebanoff, M. A., Nugent, R. P., Rhoads, G. G.. Coitus during pregnancy: is it safe? Lancet 1984;324:914–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mills, J. L., Harlap, S., Harley, E. E.. Should coitus late in pregnancy be discouraged? Lancet 1981;318:136–8.Google Scholar
Alhusen, J. L., Ray, E., Sharps, P., Bullock, L.. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy: maternal and neonatal outcomes. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2015;24:100–6.Google Scholar
Gebreslasie, K. Z., Weldemariam, S., Gebre, G., Mehari, M.-A.. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and risk of stillbirth in hospitals of Tigray region Ethiopia. Ital J Pediatr 2020;46:107.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rao, N., Turner, A. N., Harrington, B., et al. Correlations between intimate partner violence and spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, and neonatal death in rural Malawi. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2017;138:74–8.Google Scholar
Tiruye, T. T., Chojenta, C., Harris, M. L., Holliday, E., Loxton, D.. Intimate partner violence against women and its association with pregnancy loss in Ethiopia: evidence from a national survey. BMC Womens Health 2020;20:192.Google Scholar
Coker, A. L., Sanderson, M., Dong, B.. Partner violence during pregnancy and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2004;18:260–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Afiaz, A., Biswas, R. K., Shamma, R., Ananna, N.. Intimate partner violence (IPV) with miscarriages, stillbirths and abortions: identifying vulnerable households for women in Bangladesh. PLoS ONE 2020;15:e0236670.Google Scholar
Auger, N., Low, N., Lee, G. E., Ayoub, A., Luu, T. M.. Pregnancy outcomes of women hospitalized for physical assault, sexual assault, and intimate partner violence. J Interpers Violence 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520985496.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Román-Gálvez, R. M., Martín-Peláez, S., Martínez-Galiano, J. M., Khan, K. S., Bueno-Cavanillas, A.. Prevalence of intimate partner violence in pregnancy: an umbrella review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021;18:707.Google Scholar
Pastor-Moreno, G., Ruiz-Pérez, I., Henares-Montiel, J., Petrova, D.. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and risk of fetal and neonatal death: a meta-analysis with socioeconomic context indicators. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020;222:123–33.e5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heazell, A., Budd, J., Smith, L. K., et al. Associations between social and behavioural factors and the risk of late stillbirth: findings from the Midland and North of England Stillbirth case–control study. BJOG 2021;128:704–13.Google Scholar
Pastor-Moreno, G., Ruiz-Pérez, I., Henares-Montiel, J., et al. Intimate partner violence and perinatal health: a systematic review. BJOG 2020;127:537–47.Google Scholar
Deshpande, N. A., Lewis-O’Connor, A.. Screening for intimate partner violence during pregnancy. Rev Obstet Gynecol 2013;6:141–8.Google ScholarPubMed
Lang, A., Gottlieb, L. N., Amsel, R.. Predictors of husbands’ and wives’ grief reactions following infant death: the role of marital intimacy. Death Stud 1996;20:3357.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dyregrov, A., Gjestad, R.. Sexuality following the loss of a child. Death Stud 2011;35:289315.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomas, J.. The effects on the family of miscarriage, termination for abnormality, stillbirth and neonatal death. Child Care Health Dev 1995;21:413–24.Google Scholar
Campbell-Jackson, L., Bezance, J., Horsch, A.. “A renewed sense of purpose”: mothers’ and fathers’ experience of having a child following a recent stillbirth. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2014;14:423.Google Scholar
Dyer, E., Bell, R., Graham, R., Rankin, J.. Pregnancy decisions after fetal or perinatal death: systematic review of qualitative research. BMJ Open 2019;9:e029930.Google Scholar
Joronen, K. , Kaunonen, M., Aho, A. L.. Parental relationship satisfaction after the death of a child. Scand J Caring Sci. 2016;30:499506.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×