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14 - ‘Once did she hold the gorgeous East in fee…’: Byron's Venice and Oriental Empire

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 August 2009

Timothy Fulford
Affiliation:
Nottingham Trent University
Peter J. Kitson
Affiliation:
University of Dundee
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Summary

Once did she hold the gorgeous East in fee;

And was the safeguard of the West: the worth

Of Venice did not fall below her birth,

Venice the eldest Child of Liberty.

She was a maiden City, bright and free;

No guile seduced, no force could violate;

And when she took unto herself a Mate,

She must espouse the everlasting Sea.

And what if she had seen those glories fade,

Those titles vanish, and that strength decay;

Yet shall some tribute of regret be paid

When her long life hath reached its final day:

Men are we, and must grieve when even the Shade

Of that which once was great is passed away.

Wordsworth's sonnet ‘On the Extinction of the Venetian Republic’ (1802) was addressed to Britain at war with Napoleon rather than the citizens of Venice. The celebration of a maritime empire as ‘the safeguard of the West’, and the invocation of that power as a ‘Child of Liberty’ had obvious patriotic implications. Hence the inclusion of the sonnet among the series dedicated to ‘National Independence and Liberty’. These home thoughts from abroad were also a memento mori. The invocation by the sequence of ‘The later Sidney, Marvel, Harrington… and others who called Milton friend’ (Sonnet xv) was a warning ‘lest we forget’ the principles which made the British republic great.

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Romanticism and Colonialism
Writing and Empire, 1780–1830
, pp. 243 - 260
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 1998

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