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5 - Victims I—Killed, Assaulted

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2020

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Summary

Abstract

Poussin's compositions depict victims of tragic deaths or assaults, most of them women. Works showing the dying include the Death of Virginia, Landscape with Orpheus and Eurydice, Landscape with Pyramus and Thisbe, and the Realm of Flora. Among women assaulted, Poussin's works include the Massacre of the Innocents, Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery, Queen Zenobia found on the Banks of the River Arax, Apollo and Daphne (two versions), Pan and Syrinx, Rape of the Sabine Women (two versions), and the drawing the Rape of Europa.

Keywords: Killers, Transgressors, Revenge, Power, Jealousy

Poussin's works include victims of tragic deaths or assaults, most of them women. The chief protagonist in his drawing of the Death of Virginia was slain by her own father to protect her virginity, while Landscape with Orpheus and Eurydice shows Eurydice killed by a snake. Landscape with Pyramus and Thisbe represents thwarted young lovers committing double suicide based on their tragic misperceptions, and the Realm of Flora depicts the seven mortals from Ovid's Metamorphoses who died and became flowers. Among those assaulted, the Massacre of the Innocents includes a principal mother and four others who tried to prevent Herod's soldiers from slaughtering their children, and Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery shows the humiliation of a woman used by the scribes and Pharisees to try to trick Christ. In Queen Zenobia found on the Banks of the River Arax, Zenobia barely survives an attempted mercy killing by her husband to prevent the enemy from capturing her. Poussin's first version of Apollo and Daphne depicts the girl's unfortunate transformation into a laurel tree; his second version shows her before her confrontation with Apollo, fearful and huddling by her father for protection. Pan and Syrinx likewise portrays an attempted rape, while the artist's two versions of the Rape of the Sabine Women represent forced abduction. Similarly, Poussin's drawing of the Battle between the Israelites and the Midianites shows the Midianite women terrified of the destruction of their tribe and capture by the Israelites as they seek protection behind the lines of their soldiers; eventually the worst came to pass as they were seized. Another of Poussin's drawings, the Rape of Europa, depicts the girl just before she is carried off by Jove, who assaulted her in the guise of a white bull.

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Poussin's Women
Sex and Gender in the Artist's Works
, pp. 227 - 270
Publisher: Amsterdam University Press
Print publication year: 2020

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