This chapter summarises the Laudian critique of the main forms of puritan voluntary religion; forms which the Laudians regarded as subversive of the public rites and ordinances of the national church and the unity of the Christian community. The practices involved were the puritan cult of the sermon, and obsession with preaching, extempore preaching and prayer; sermon-gadding, the maintenance of lectureships and the keeping of conventicles, all of which were taken to be subversive of the public religious observances and the Christian community mandated and sustained by the national church. Indeed, they were regarded as being tantamount to separation.