This book is a by-product of my work on Marshall's biography. When I was writing its Chapter 11 on Marshall as adviser to governments, I came to realise the significant gaps in the collection of his official papers which Keynes had prepared. The suggestion to rectify Keynes's omissions, particularly by including some material from the voluminous reports of the Labour Commission (guided by advice from Marshall's widow which was rejected by Keynes) was put to the Royal Economic Society and to Cambridge University Press. These both showed encouraging interest in this project of a supplementary volume to Keynes's edition of Marshall's Official Papers which, in a New York reprint, is still readily available. I am especially indebted to Donald Winch and to Patrick McCartan in this context. Work for the volume was assisted by support from the Australian Research Council, and research assistance from Mark Donoghue, Susan King and Jack Towe. John Whitaker gave comments on a number of points, as did Rita McWilliams-Tullberg who encouraged me to reprint the education evidence. As usual, Valerie Jones prepared an excellent final manuscript. I am indebted to Peter Halls and Jacky Cox as successive archivists of King's College, Cambridge, for giving me access to the valuable material on this topic among the Keynes Papers; to Donald Ross and Rowland Thomas at the Marshall Library, Faculty of Economics and Politics at Cambridge University, who gave me access to the Marshall Archive when required.