Ireland

doi:10.1017/CHOL9780521382960.025

(a) - Ireland

from 22 - The Celtic world

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 March 2008

Art Cosgrove

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Christopher Allmand

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Christopher Allmand: Affiliation:
University of Liverpool

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Summary

richard II was unusual, indeed unique, among medieval English monarchs in making two visits to Ireland in the course of his reign. Within Ireland, the results of royal intervention were disappointing. Before the end of 1399 the acting chief governor of Ireland reported to the English administration that the ‘Irish enemies’ were ‘strong and arrogant and of great power’, that they were aided in their assaults on the king’s loyal subjects by ‘English rebels’ with the result that ‘the law cannot be executed and no officer dares to attempt to execute it’; for there were no soldiers and no resources to pay soldiers to protect the king’s subjects against these attacks.

Ultimately, the king’s expeditions achieved little, but Richard II had at least attempted to go beyond the normal objective of military containment and to formulate proposals for a more lasting political settlement. He could not but be aware of the ethnic division within Ireland which, as we have seen, could lead the administration in Dublin to categorise even its foes on the basis of their real or supposed descent as ‘English rebels’ (opponents of English stock) or ‘Irish enemies’ (hostile Gaelic Irish).

Keywords

Absentee Acts Gaelic society English lieutenants Yorkist Anglo-Ireland Richard II Lancastrian England medieval English monarchs Irish lieutenancy

Type: Chapter
Information: The New Cambridge Medieval History , pp. 496 - 513

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521382960.025 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 1998

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(a) - Ireland

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