Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- Part I Physiology and pathophysiology of nerve fibres
- Part II Pain
- Part III Control of central nervous system output
- 18 Synaptic transduction in neocortical neurones
- 19 Cortical circuits, synchronization and seizures
- 20 Physiologically induced changes of brain temperature and their effect on extracellular field potentials
- 21 Fusimotor control of the respiratory muscles
- 22 Cerebral accompaniments and functional significance of the long-latency stretch reflexes in human forearm muscles
- 23 The cerebellum and proprioceptive control of movement
- 24 Roles of the lateral nodulus and uvula of the cerebellum in cardiovascular control
- 25 Central actions of curare and gallamine: implications for reticular reflex myoclonus?
- 26 Pathophysiology of upper motoneurone disorders
- 27 Modulation of hypoglossal motoneurones by thyrotropin-releasing hormone and serotonin
- 28 Serotonin and central respiratory disorders in the newborn
- 29 Are medullary respiratory neurones multipurpose neurones?
- 30 Reflex control of expiratory motor output in dogs
- 31 Abnormal thoraco-abdominal movements in patients with chronic lung disease
- 32 Respiratory rhythms and apnoeas in the newborn
- 33 Cardiorespiratory interactions during apnoea
- 34 Impairment of respiratory control in neurological disease
- 35 The respiratory muscles in neurological disease
- Part IV Development, survival, regeneration and death
- Index
30 - Reflex control of expiratory motor output in dogs
from Part III - Control of central nervous system output
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 August 2010
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- Part I Physiology and pathophysiology of nerve fibres
- Part II Pain
- Part III Control of central nervous system output
- 18 Synaptic transduction in neocortical neurones
- 19 Cortical circuits, synchronization and seizures
- 20 Physiologically induced changes of brain temperature and their effect on extracellular field potentials
- 21 Fusimotor control of the respiratory muscles
- 22 Cerebral accompaniments and functional significance of the long-latency stretch reflexes in human forearm muscles
- 23 The cerebellum and proprioceptive control of movement
- 24 Roles of the lateral nodulus and uvula of the cerebellum in cardiovascular control
- 25 Central actions of curare and gallamine: implications for reticular reflex myoclonus?
- 26 Pathophysiology of upper motoneurone disorders
- 27 Modulation of hypoglossal motoneurones by thyrotropin-releasing hormone and serotonin
- 28 Serotonin and central respiratory disorders in the newborn
- 29 Are medullary respiratory neurones multipurpose neurones?
- 30 Reflex control of expiratory motor output in dogs
- 31 Abnormal thoraco-abdominal movements in patients with chronic lung disease
- 32 Respiratory rhythms and apnoeas in the newborn
- 33 Cardiorespiratory interactions during apnoea
- 34 Impairment of respiratory control in neurological disease
- 35 The respiratory muscles in neurological disease
- Part IV Development, survival, regeneration and death
- Index
Summary
Studies concerning neural control of respiratory timing and tidal volume have focused predominantly on the control the inspiratory phase (von Euler, 1986). With application of lung inflation during the inspiratory phase, three distinct reflexes have been described: (1) inspiratory off-switch (Clark & von Euler, 1972), (2) reversible graded inhibition (Younes, Remmers & Baker, 1978) and (3) low-threshold facilitation (Bartoli et al., 1975; DiMarco et al., 1981). Each of these reflexes is mediated through vagal mechanisms presumably via pulmonary stretch receptors. After vagotomy, changes in lung volume result in only minor effects on phrenic nerve activity.
Previous studies related to the control of the amplitude of expiratory motor activity and expiratory time were based predominantly on the response to expiratory loads (Bishop, 1967; Bishop, Hirsch & Thursby, 1978). They demonstrated that increases in lung volume during the expiratory phase facilitate expiratory motor activity and prolong expiratory time (TE) (Bishop et al., 1978; Barrett et al., 1994). More recent studies, however, showed that expiratory muscle activities may be inhibited by pulsed lung inflation (Arita & Bishop, 1983; Bajic et al., 1992; Cohen, Feldman & Sommer, 1985; Younes, Vaillancourt & Milic-Emili, 1974), increases in lung volume (Chung et al., 1987; Fregosi, Bartlett & St John, 1990; Polacheck, Remmers & Younes, 1978) or by stimulation of vagal afferents (Haxhiu et al., 1988; Smith et al., 1990). On the basis of these new data, we further examined vagal influences on expiratory motor activity and timing.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Neurobiology of DiseaseContributions from Neuroscience to Clinical Neurology, pp. 309 - 317Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 1996
- 1
- Cited by