The purpose of uterine cavity evaluation is to make an accurate diagnosis of the cause of abnormal uterine bleeding, in order that therapy can be appropriately tailored to the woman. This chapter reviews the accuracy and efficacy of currently available tests used to evaluate the uterine cavity. Uterine size can be assessed on bimanual examination; if the uterus is greater in size than 12 weeks of gestation, it may be palpable abdominally. Women with amenorrhoea (no menstrual bleeding for 6 months) should have a full history and examination. Dilatation and curettage (D&C) used to be the method of choice for assessing the uterine cavity. Other methods for assessing the uterine cavity include hysteroscopy, ultrasound, Doppler ultrasound, and outpatient endometrial biopsy. Women presenting with postmenopausal bleeding require urgent referral for pelvic ultrasound and further testing, with endometrial biopsy and/or hysteroscopy undertaken depending on the initial ultrasound result.