Mark Twain’s works have been translated into hundreds of languages, a testament to his enduring worldwide popularity. Translation has often posed difficulties, as translators attempt to render his American English and use of dialect and the vernacular into other languages. From the start, Twain had an avid following in Europe, especially in England, where he often published his works before he did in America, to deal with problems with international copyright. He was popular in the Soviet Union during the Cold War, which the government encouraged, seeing in Twain a critic of American capitalism. His reception in China and Japan has always been very strong, despite the challenges of translation to those languages.